為Android Studio編寫自定義Gradle插件的教程

更新時(shí)間：2016年02月24日 15:06:19 作者：喝醉的毛毛蟲

這篇文章主要介紹了為Android Studio編寫自定義Gradle插件的教程,Android Studio現(xiàn)在基本上已經(jīng)成為了安卓開發(fā)的標(biāo)配IDE,友可以參考下

Google已經(jīng)建議Android開發(fā)全部轉(zhuǎn)向Android Studio開發(fā)，Android Studio 是使用gradle編譯、打包的，那么問題來了，gradle可是有一堆東西...，為了徹底了解gradle，今天就來學(xué)習(xí)下如何寫自己的gradle插件（當(dāng)然插件源碼是使用groovy寫的），先看如下代碼目錄：

2016224145421168.png (326×201)

如上圖所示，plugin目錄是插件源碼目錄，sample是用來測試插件的。

1、在目錄plugin/src/main/groovy/com/micky/gradle/下新建插件類MyCustomPlugin.groovy

package com.micky.gradle; 
 
import org.gradle.api.*; 
 
class MyCustomPlugin implements Plugin<Project> { 
  void apply(Project project) { 
    project.task('myTask') << { 
      println "Hi this is micky's plugin" 
    } 
  } 
}

看看Plugin的源碼，其實(shí)就是一接口

public interface Plugin<T> { 
  /** 
   * Apply this plugin to the given target object. 
   * 
   * @param target The target object 
   */ 
  void apply(T target); 
}

2、在目錄plugin/src/main/resources/META-INF/gradle-plugins/下創(chuàng)建文件com.micky.mycustom.properties用來指定插件實(shí)現(xiàn)類

implementation-class=com.micky.gradle.MyCustomPlugin

特別注意下：文件名“com.micky.mycustom”即是以后我們在使用插件時(shí)的apply plugin 'java' 的java，這里我也是折騰了半天才得出的結(jié)果，坑啊。

3、一般情況下，我們還需要指定插件項(xiàng)目名稱，在plugin目錄下新建settings.gradle

rootProject.name='gradle-micky'

4、萬事具備，就差編譯了，編譯需要在plugin目錄下新建build.gradle

apply plugin: 'groovy' 
apply plugin: 'maven' 
 
dependencies { 
  compile gradleApi() 
  compile localGroovy() 
} 
 
repositories { 
  mavenCentral() 
} 
 
group='com.micky' 
version='1.0.0' 
 
uploadArchives { 
  repositories { 
    mavenDeployer { 
      repository(url: uri('../repo')) 
    } 
  } 
}

在這個(gè)腳本里使用groovy插件編譯groovy源碼，聲明gradleAPI作為即時(shí)編譯依賴，apply plugin: 'maven' 是用來創(chuàng)建一個(gè)插件jar文件并且存儲在本地maven庫里，本地maven庫即我們在腳本里創(chuàng)建的"../repo"目錄
執(zhí)行命令:

gradle uploadArchives

2016224145611491.png (559×192)

5、以上4個(gè)步驟已經(jīng)編譯插件并上傳到了本地庫中，接下來就看看怎么使用插件，在sample目錄下，新建build.gradle

buildscript { 
  repositories { 
    maven { 
      url uri('../repo') 
    } 
  } 
 
  dependencies { 
    classpath group: 'com.micky', 
      name: 'gradle-micky', 
      version: '1.0.0' 
  } 
} 
 
apply plugin: 'com.micky.mycustom'

6、執(zhí)行命令

2016224145636115.png (507×113)

myTask即我們在MyCustomPlugin.groovy代碼中創(chuàng)建的任務(wù)。

7、自定義Task

（1）copy一份改名CustomPluginTask

在plugin\src\main\groovy\com\micky\gradle目錄創(chuàng)建源文件 MyCustomTask.groovy

package com.micky.gradle; 
 
import org.gradle.api.DefaultTask 
import org.gradle.api.tasks.TaskAction 
 
class MyCustomTask extends DefaultTask { 
  @TaskAction 
  void output() { 
    println "Hello this is my custom task output" 
  } 
}

（2）修改MyCustomPlugin.groovy

package com.micky.gradle; 
 
import org.gradle.api.*; 
 
class MyCustomPlugin implements Plugin<Project> { 
  void apply(Project project) { 
    project.task('customTask', type: MyCustomTask) 
  } 
}

（3）修改plugin目錄下的build.gradle，修改版本號

apply plugin: 'groovy' 
apply plugin: 'maven' 
 
dependencies { 
  compile gradleApi() 
  compile localGroovy() 
} 
 
repositories { 
  mavenCentral() 
} 
 
group='com.micky' 
version='1.0.1' 
 
uploadArchives { 
  repositories { 
    mavenDeployer { 
      repository(url: uri('../repo')) 
    } 
  } 
}

執(zhí)行g(shù)radle uploadArchives 編譯插件包

（4）sample目錄下的build.gradle

buildscript { 
  repositories { 
    maven { 
      url uri('../repo') 
    } 
  } 
 
  dependencies { 
    classpath group: 'com.micky', 
      name: 'gradle-micky', 
      version: '1.0.1' 
  } 
} 
apply plugin: 'com.micky.mycustom'

執(zhí)行g(shù)radle customTask 結(jié)果如下：

2016224145747922.png (563×125)

8、向Plugin Task 傳遞參數(shù)
（1）拷貝一份上面的代碼，改名為CustomPluginTaskWithParam，修改plugin\src\main\groovy\com\micky\gradle\MyCustomPlugin.groovy

package com.micky.gradle; 
 
import org.gradle.api.*; 
 
class MyCustomPluginExtension { 
  def message = "From MyCustomPluginExtention" 
  def sender = "MyCustomPluin" 
} 
 
class MyCustomPlugin implements Plugin<Project> { 
  void apply(Project project) { 
    project.extensions.create('myArgs', MyCustomPluginExtension) 
    project.task('customTask', type: MyCustomTask) 
  } 
}

（2）修改plugin\src\main\groovy\com\micky\gradle\MyCustomTask.groovy

package com.micky.gradle; 
 
import org.gradle.api.DefaultTask 
import org.gradle.api.tasks.TaskAction 
 
class MyCustomTask extends DefaultTask { 
  @TaskAction 
  void output() { 
    println "Sender is ${project.myArgs.sender},\nmessage: ${project.myArgs.message}" 
  } 
}

（3）修改plugin/build.gradle

apply plugin: 'groovy' 
apply plugin: 'maven' 
 
dependencies { 
  compile gradleApi() 
  compile localGroovy() 
} 
 
repositories { 
  mavenCentral() 
} 
 
group='com.micky' 
version='1.0.2' 
 
uploadArchives { 
  repositories { 
    mavenDeployer { 
      repository(url: uri('../repo')) 
    } 
  } 
}

執(zhí)行g(shù)radle uploadArchives 編譯插件包

（4）修改sample/build.gradle

buildscript { 
  repositories { 
    maven { 
      url uri('../repo') 
    } 
  } 
 
  dependencies { 
    classpath group: 'com.micky', 
      name: 'gradle-micky', 
      version: '1.0.2' 
  } 
} 
 
apply plugin: 'com.micky.mycustom'

（5）執(zhí)行g(shù)radle customTask，結(jié)果如下：

2016224145851154.png (558×129)

（6）在gradle文件配置參數(shù)

buildscript { 
  repositories { 
    maven { 
      url uri('../repo') 
    } 
  } 
 
  dependencies { 
    classpath group: 'com.micky', 
      name: 'gradle-micky', 
      version: '1.0.2' 
  } 
} 
 
apply plugin: 'com.micky.mycustom' 
 
myArgs { 
  sender='Micky Liu' 
  message='Gradle is so simple.' 
}

（7）執(zhí)行g(shù)radle customTask，結(jié)果如下：

2016224145926554.png (561×131)

8、向Plugin Task 傳遞嵌套試復(fù)雜參數(shù)
（1）拷貝一份上面的代碼，改名為CustomPluginTaskWithNestParam，修改plugin\src\main\groovy\com\micky\gradle\MyCustomPlugin.groovy

package com.micky.gradle; 
 
import org.gradle.api.*; 
 
class MyNestPluginExtension { 
  def receiver = "Kate Zhou" 
  def email = "KateZhou@gmail.com" 
} 
 
class MyCustomPluginExtension { 
  def message = "From MyCustomPluginExtention" 
  def sender = "MyCustomPluin" 
} 
 
class MyCustomPlugin implements Plugin<Project> { 
  void apply(Project project) { 
    project.extensions.create('myArgs', MyCustomPluginExtension) 
    project.myArgs.extensions.create('nestArgs', MyNestPluginExtension) 
    project.task('customTask', type: MyCustomTask) 
  } 
}

（2）修改MyCustomPlugin.groovy

package com.micky.gradle; 
 
import org.gradle.api.DefaultTask 
import org.gradle.api.tasks.TaskAction 
 
class MyCustomTask extends DefaultTask { 
  @TaskAction 
  void output() { 
    println "Sender is ${project.myArgs.sender} \nmessage: ${project.myArgs.message}" 
    println "Receiver is ${project.myArgs.nestArgs.receiver} \nemail: ${project.myArgs.nestArgs.email}" 
  } 
}

（3）修改plugin/build.gradle

apply plugin: 'groovy' 
apply plugin: 'maven' 
 
dependencies { 
  compile gradleApi() 
  compile localGroovy() 
} 
 
repositories { 
  mavenCentral() 
} 
 
group='com.micky' 
version='1.0.3' 
 
uploadArchives { 
  repositories { 
    mavenDeployer { 
      repository(url: uri('../repo')) 
    } 
  } 
}

（4）執(zhí)行g(shù)radle uploadArchives 編譯插件包
（5）修改sample/build.gradle

buildscript { 
  repositories { 
    maven { 
      url uri('../repo') 
    } 
  } 
 
  dependencies { 
    classpath group: 'com.micky', 
      name: 'gradle-micky', 
      version: '1.0.3' 
  } 
} 
 
apply plugin: 'com.micky.mycustom' 
 
myArgs { 
  sender='Micky Liu' 
  message='Gradle is so simple.' 
}

（6）執(zhí)行執(zhí)行g(shù)radle customTask，結(jié)果如下：

2016224150016512.png (561×156)

（7）在gradle文件配置參數(shù)

buildscript { 
  repositories { 
    maven { 
      url uri('../repo') 
    } 
  } 
 
  dependencies { 
    classpath group: 'com.micky', 
      name: 'gradle-micky', 
      version: '1.0.3' 
  } 
} 
 
apply plugin: 'com.micky.mycustom' 
 
myArgs { 
  sender='Micky Liu' 
  message='Gradle is so simple.' 
  nestArgs { 
    receiver='David Chen' 
    email='David@126.com' 
  } 
 
}

（8）執(zhí)行g(shù)radle customTask，結(jié)果如下：

2016224150049182.png (563×154)