[root@mysql support-files]# vim my-small.cnf
# Example MySQL config file for small systems.
# This is for a system with little memory (<= 64M) where MySQL is only used 
# from time to time and it's important that the mysqld daemon 
# doesn't use much resources.

[root@mysql support-files]# vim my-medium.cnf
# Example MySQL config file for medium systems.
# This is for a system with little memory (32M - 64M) where MySQL plays 
# an important part, or systems up to 128M where MySQL is used together with 
# other programs (such as a web server)

[root@mysql support-files]# vim my-large.cnf
# Example MySQL config file for large systems. 
# This is for a large system with memory = 512M where the system runs mainly 
# MySQL.

[root@mysql support-files]# vim my-huge.cnf
# Example MySQL config file for very large systems. 
# This is for a large system with memory of 1G-2G where the system runs mainly 
# MySQL.

[root@mysql support-files]# vim my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf
#BEGIN CONFIG INFO 
#DESCR: 4GB RAM, InnoDB only, ACID, few connections, heavy queries 
#TYPE: SYSTEM 
#END CONFIG INFO
# This is a MySQL example config file for systems with 4GB of memory 
# running mostly MySQL using InnoDB only tables and performing complex 
# queries with few connections.

[root@mysql support-files]# vim my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf
#BEGIN CONFIG INFO 
#DESCR: 4GB RAM, InnoDB only, ACID, few connections, heavy queries 
#TYPE: SYSTEM 
#END CONFIG INFO
# 
# This is a MySQL example config file for systems with 4GB of memory 
# running mostly MySQL using InnoDB only tables and performing complex 
# queries with few connections. 
# 
# MySQL programs look for option files in a set of 
# locations which depend on the deployment platform. 
# You can copy this option file to one of those 
# locations. For information about these locations, see: 
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/option-files.html
# 
# In this file, you can use all long options that a program supports. 
# If you want to know which options a program supports, run the program 
# with the "--help" option. 
# 
# More detailed information about the individual options can also be 
# found in the manual. 
#
# 
# The following options will be read by MySQL client applications. 
# Note that only client applications shipped by MySQL are guaranteed 
# to read this section. If you want your own MySQL client program to 
# honor these values, you need to specify it as an option during the 
# MySQL client library initialization. 
#
# 以下選項(xiàng)會被MySQL客戶端應(yīng)用讀取, 注意只有MySQL附帶的客戶端應(yīng)用程序保證可以讀取這段內(nèi)容,如果你想你自己的MySQL應(yīng)用程序獲取這些值,需要在MySQL客戶端庫初始化的時(shí)候指定這些選項(xiàng)
[client] 
#password  = [your_password] #mysql客戶端連接mysql時(shí)的密碼 
port    = 3306 #mysql客戶端連接時(shí)的默認(rèn)端口 
socket    = /tmp/mysql.sock #與mysql服務(wù)器本地通信所使用的socket文件路徑
# *** Application-specific options follow here ***
# 
# The MySQL server 
# 
[mysqld]
# generic configuration options #一般配置選項(xiàng) 
port    = 3306 #mysql服務(wù)器監(jiān)聽的默認(rèn)端口 
socket    = /tmp/mysql.sock #socket本地通信文件路徑
# back_log is the number of connections the operating system can keep in 
# the listen queue, before the MySQL connection manager thread has 
# processed them. If you have a very high connection rate and experience 
# "connection refused" errors, you might need to increase this value. 
# Check your OS documentation for the maximum value of this parameter. 
# Attempting to set back_log higher than your operating system limit 
# will have no effect.
# back_log 是操作系統(tǒng)在監(jiān)聽隊(duì)列中所能保持的連接數(shù), 
# 隊(duì)列保存了在MySQL連接管理器線程處理之前的連接. 
# 如果你有非常高的連接率并且出現(xiàn)“connection refused”報(bào)錯(cuò), 
# 你就應(yīng)該增加此處的值. 
# 檢查你的操作系統(tǒng)能打開文件數(shù)來獲取這個(gè)變量的最大值. 
# 如果將back_log設(shè)定到比你操作系統(tǒng)限制更高的值,將會沒有效果
back_log = 50
# Don't listen on a TCP/IP port at all. This can be a security 
# enhancement, if all processes that need to connect to mysqld run 
# on the same host. All interaction with mysqld must be made via Unix 
# sockets or named pipes. 
# Note that using this option without enabling named pipes on Windows 
# (via the "enable-named-pipe" option) will render mysqld useless!
# 不在TCP/IP端口上進(jìn)行監(jiān)聽. 
# 如果所有的進(jìn)程都是在同一臺服務(wù)器連接到本地的mysqld, 
# 這樣設(shè)置將是增強(qiáng)安全的方法 
# 所有mysqld的連接都是通過Unix sockets 或者命名管道進(jìn)行的. 
# 注意在windows下如果沒有打開命名管道選項(xiàng)而只是用此項(xiàng) 
# (通過 “enable-named-pipe” 選項(xiàng)) 將會導(dǎo)致mysql服務(wù)沒有任何作用!
#skip-networking #默認(rèn)是沒有開啟的
# The maximum amount of concurrent sessions the MySQL server will 
# allow. One of these connections will be reserved for a user with 
# SUPER privileges to allow the administrator to login even if the 
# connection limit has been reached.
# MySQL 服務(wù)器所允許的同時(shí)會話數(shù)的上限 
# 其中一個(gè)連接將被SUPER權(quán)限保留作為管理員登錄. 
# 即便已經(jīng)達(dá)到了連接數(shù)的上限. 
max_connections = 100
# Maximum amount of errors allowed per host. If this limit is reached, 
# the host will be blocked from connecting to the MySQL server until 
# "FLUSH HOSTS" has been run or the server was restarted. Invalid 
# passwords and other errors during the connect phase result in 
# increasing this value. See the "Aborted_connects" status variable for 
# global counter.
# 每個(gè)客戶端連接最大的錯(cuò)誤允許數(shù)量,如果達(dá)到了此限制. 
# 這個(gè)客戶端將會被MySQL服務(wù)阻止直到執(zhí)行了”FLUSH HOSTS” 或者服務(wù)重啟 
# 非法的密碼以及其他在鏈接時(shí)的錯(cuò)誤會增加此值. 
# 查看 “Aborted_connects” 狀態(tài)來獲取全局計(jì)數(shù)器. 
max_connect_errors = 10
# The number of open tables for all threads. Increasing this value 
# increases the number of file descriptors that mysqld requires. 
# Therefore you have to make sure to set the amount of open files 
# allowed to at least 4096 in the variable "open-files-limit" in 
# section [mysqld_safe]
# 所有線程所打開表的數(shù)量. 
# 增加此值就增加了mysqld所需要的文件描述符的數(shù)量 
# 這樣你需要確認(rèn)在[mysqld_safe]中 “open-files-limit” 變量設(shè)置打開文件數(shù)量允許至少2048
table_open_cache = 2048
# Enable external file level locking. Enabled file locking will have a 
# negative impact on performance, so only use it in case you have 
# multiple database instances running on the same files (note some 
# restrictions still apply!) or if you use other software relying on 
# locking MyISAM tables on file level.
# 允許外部文件級別的鎖. 打開文件鎖會對性能造成負(fù)面影響 
# 所以只有在你在同樣的文件上運(yùn)行多個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)庫實(shí)例時(shí)才使用此選項(xiàng)(注意仍會有其他約束!) 
# 或者你在文件層面上使用了其他一些軟件依賴來鎖定MyISAM表
#external-locking #默認(rèn)是沒有開啟的
# The maximum size of a query packet the server can handle as well as 
# maximum query size server can process (Important when working with 
# large BLOBs). enlarged dynamically, for each connection.
# 服務(wù)所能處理的請求包的最大大小以及服務(wù)所能處理的最大的請求大小(當(dāng)與大的BLOB字段一起工作時(shí)相當(dāng)必要) 
# 每個(gè)連接獨(dú)立的大小.大小動態(tài)增加 
max_allowed_packet = 16M
# The size of the cache to hold the SQL statements for the binary log 
# during a transaction. If you often use big, multi-statement 
# transactions you can increase this value to get more performance. All 
# statements from transactions are buffered in the binary log cache and 
# are being written to the binary log at once after the COMMIT. If the 
# transaction is larger than this value, temporary file on disk is used 
# instead. This buffer is allocated per connection on first update 
# statement in transaction
# 在一個(gè)事務(wù)中binlog為了記錄SQL狀態(tài)所持有的cache大小 
# 如果你經(jīng)常使用大的,多聲明的事務(wù),你可以增加此值來獲取更大的性能. 
# 所有從事務(wù)來的狀態(tài)都將被緩沖在binlog緩沖中然后在提交后一次性寫入到binlog中 
# 如果事務(wù)比此值大, 會使用磁盤上的臨時(shí)文件來替代. 
# 此緩沖在每個(gè)連接的事務(wù)第一次更新狀態(tài)時(shí)被創(chuàng)建 
binlog_cache_size = 1M
# Maximum allowed size for a single HEAP (in memory) table. This option 
# is a protection against the accidential creation of a very large HEAP 
# table which could otherwise use up all memory resources.
# 獨(dú)立的內(nèi)存表所允許的最大容量. 
# 此選項(xiàng)為了防止意外創(chuàng)建一個(gè)超大的內(nèi)存表導(dǎo)致永盡所有的內(nèi)存資源. 
max_heap_table_size = 64M
# Size of the buffer used for doing full table scans. 
# Allocated per thread, if a full scan is needed.
#MySql讀入緩沖區(qū)大小。對表進(jìn)行順序掃描的請求將分配一個(gè)讀入緩沖區(qū)，MySql會為它分#配一段內(nèi)存緩沖區(qū)。read_buffer_size變量控制這一緩沖區(qū)的大小。如果對表的順序掃描請求非常頻繁，#并且你認(rèn)為頻繁掃描進(jìn)行得太慢，可以通過增加該變量值以及內(nèi)存緩沖區(qū)大小提高其性能。 
read_buffer_size = 2M
# When reading rows in sorted order after a sort, the rows are read 
# through this buffer to avoid disk seeks. You can improve ORDER BY 
# performance a lot, if set this to a high value. 
# Allocated per thread, when needed.
#是MySql的隨機(jī)讀緩沖區(qū)大小。當(dāng)按任意順序讀取行時(shí)(例如，按照排序順序)，將分配一個(gè)隨機(jī)讀緩存區(qū)。進(jìn)行排序查詢時(shí)，MySql會首先掃描一遍該緩沖，以避免磁盤搜索，提高查詢速度，如果需#要排序大量數(shù)據(jù)，可適當(dāng)調(diào)高該值。但MySql會為每個(gè)客戶連接發(fā)放該緩沖空間，所以應(yīng)盡量適當(dāng)設(shè)置該值，以避免內(nèi)存開銷過大。 
read_rnd_buffer_size = 16M
# Sort buffer is used to perform sorts for some ORDER BY and GROUP BY 
# queries. If sorted data does not fit into the sort buffer, a disk 
# based merge sort is used instead - See the "Sort_merge_passes" 
# status variable. Allocated per thread if sort is needed.
# 排序緩沖被用來處理類似ORDER BY以及GROUP BY隊(duì)列所引起的排序 
# 如果排序后的數(shù)據(jù)無法放入排序緩沖, 
# 一個(gè)用來替代的基于磁盤的合并分類會被使用 
# 查看 “Sort_merge_passes” 狀態(tài)變量. 
# 在排序發(fā)生時(shí)由每個(gè)線程分配 
sort_buffer_size = 8M
# This buffer is used for the optimization of full JOINs (JOINs without 
# indexes). Such JOINs are very bad for performance in most cases 
# anyway, but setting this variable to a large value reduces the 
# performance impact. See the "Select_full_join" status variable for a 
# count of full JOINs. Allocated per thread if full join is found
# 此緩沖被使用來優(yōu)化全聯(lián)合(full JOINs 不帶索引的聯(lián)合). 
# 類似的聯(lián)合在極大多數(shù)情況下有非常糟糕的性能表現(xiàn), 
# 但是將此值設(shè)大能夠減輕性能影響. 
# 通過 “Select_full_join” 狀態(tài)變量查看全聯(lián)合的數(shù)量 
# 當(dāng)全聯(lián)合發(fā)生時(shí),在每個(gè)線程中分配 
join_buffer_size = 8M
# How many threads we should keep in a cache for reuse. When a client 
# disconnects, the client's threads are put in the cache if there aren't 
# more than thread_cache_size threads from before. This greatly reduces 
# the amount of thread creations needed if you have a lot of new 
# connections. (Normally this doesn't give a notable performance 
# improvement if you have a good thread implementation.)
# 我們在cache中保留多少線程用于重用 
# 當(dāng)一個(gè)客戶端斷開連接后,如果cache中的線程還少于thread_cache_size, 
# 則客戶端線程被放入cache中. 
# 這可以在你需要大量新連接的時(shí)候極大的減少線程創(chuàng)建的開銷 
# (一般來說如果你有好的線程模型的話,這不會有明顯的性能提升.) 
thread_cache_size = 8
# This permits the application to give the threads system a hint for the 
# desired number of threads that should be run at the same time. This 
# value only makes sense on systems that support the thread_concurrency() 
# function call (Sun Solaris, for example). 
# You should try [number of CPUs]*(2..4) for thread_concurrency
# 此允許應(yīng)用程序給予線程系統(tǒng)一個(gè)提示在同一時(shí)間給予渴望被運(yùn)行的線程的數(shù)量. 
# 此值只對于支持 thread_concurrency() 函數(shù)的系統(tǒng)有意義( 例如Sun Solaris). 
# 你可可以嘗試使用 [CPU數(shù)量]*(2..4) 來作為thread_concurrency的值 
thread_concurrency = 8
# Query cache is used to cache SELECT results and later return them 
# without actual executing the same query once again. Having the query 
# cache enabled may result in significant speed improvements, if your 
# have a lot of identical queries and rarely changing tables. See the 
# "Qcache_lowmem_prunes" status variable to check if the current value 
# is high enough for your load. 
# Note: In case your tables change very often or if your queries are 
# textually different every time, the query cache may result in a 
# slowdown instead of a performance improvement.
# 查詢緩沖常被用來緩沖 SELECT 的結(jié)果并且在下一次同樣查詢的時(shí)候不再執(zhí)行直接返回結(jié)果. 
# 打開查詢緩沖可以極大的提高服務(wù)器速度, 如果你有大量的相同的查詢并且很少修改表. 
# 查看 “Qcache_lowmem_prunes” 狀態(tài)變量來檢查是否當(dāng)前值對于你的負(fù)載來說是否足夠高. 
# 注意: 在你表經(jīng)常變化的情況下或者如果你的查詢原文每次都不同, 
# 查詢緩沖也許引起性能下降而不是性能提升. 
query_cache_size = 64M
# Only cache result sets that are smaller than this limit. This is to 
# protect the query cache of a very large result set overwriting all 
# other query results.
# 只有小于此設(shè)定值的結(jié)果才會被緩沖 
# 此設(shè)置用來保護(hù)查詢緩沖,防止一個(gè)極大的結(jié)果集將其他所有的查詢結(jié)果都覆蓋.
query_cache_limit = 2M
# Minimum word length to be indexed by the full text search index. 
# You might wish to decrease it if you need to search for shorter words. 
# Note that you need to rebuild your FULLTEXT index, after you have 
# modified this value.
# 被全文檢索索引的最小的字長. 
# 你也許希望減少它,如果你需要搜索更短字的時(shí)候. 
# 注意在你修改此值之后, 
# 你需要重建你的 FULLTEXT 索引 
ft_min_word_len = 4
# If your system supports the memlock() function call, you might want to 
# enable this option while running MySQL to keep it locked in memory and 
# to avoid potential swapping out in case of high memory pressure. Good 
# for performance.
# 如果你的系統(tǒng)支持 memlock() 函數(shù),你也許希望打開此選項(xiàng)用以讓運(yùn)行中的mysql在在內(nèi)存高度緊張的時(shí)候,數(shù)據(jù)在內(nèi)存中保持鎖定并且防止可能被swapping out 
# 此選項(xiàng)對于性能有益 
#memlock
# Table type which is used by default when creating new tables, if not 
# specified differently during the CREATE TABLE statement.
# 當(dāng)創(chuàng)建新表時(shí)作為默認(rèn)使用的表類型, 
# 如果在創(chuàng)建表示沒有特別執(zhí)行表類型,將會使用此值 
default-storage-engine = MYISAM
# Thread stack size to use. This amount of memory is always reserved at 
# connection time. MySQL itself usually needs no more than 64K of 
# memory, while if you use your own stack hungry UDF functions or your 
# OS requires more stack for some operations, you might need to set this 
# to a higher value.
# 線程使用的堆大小. 此容量的內(nèi)存在每次連接時(shí)被預(yù)留. 
# MySQL 本身常不會需要超過64K的內(nèi)存 
# 如果你使用你自己的需要大量堆的UDF函數(shù) 
# 或者你的操作系統(tǒng)對于某些操作需要更多的堆, 
# 你也許需要將其設(shè)置的更高一點(diǎn). 
thread_stack = 192K
# Set the default transaction isolation level. Levels available are:
# 設(shè)定默認(rèn)的事務(wù)隔離級別.可用的級別如下: 
# READ-UNCOMMITTED, READ-COMMITTED, REPEATABLE-READ, SERIALIZABLE 
transaction_isolation = REPEATABLE-READ
# Maximum size for internal (in-memory) temporary tables. If a table 
# grows larger than this value, it is automatically converted to disk 
# based table This limitation is for a single table. There can be many 
# of them.
# 內(nèi)部(內(nèi)存中)臨時(shí)表的最大大小 
# 如果一個(gè)表增長到比此值更大,將會自動轉(zhuǎn)換為基于磁盤的表. 
# 此限制是針對單個(gè)表的,而不是總和. 
tmp_table_size = 64M
# Enable binary logging. This is required for acting as a MASTER in a 
# replication configuration. You also need the binary log if you need 
# the ability to do point in time recovery from your latest backup.
# 打開二進(jìn)制日志功能. 
# 在復(fù)制(replication)配置中,作為MASTER主服務(wù)器必須打開此項(xiàng) 
# 如果你需要從你最后的備份中做基于時(shí)間點(diǎn)的恢復(fù),你也同樣需要二進(jìn)制日志. 
log-bin=mysql-bin
# binary logging format - mixed recommended
#設(shè)定記錄二進(jìn)制日志的格式，有三種格式，基于語句 statement、 基于行 row、 混合方式 mixed 
binlog_format=mixed
# If you're using replication with chained slaves (A->B->C), you need to 
# enable this option on server B. It enables logging of updates done by 
# the slave thread into the slave's binary log.
# 如果你在使用鏈?zhǔn)綇姆?wù)器結(jié)構(gòu)的復(fù)制模式 (A->B->C), 
# 你需要在服務(wù)器B上打開此項(xiàng). 
# 此選項(xiàng)打開在從線程上重做過的更新的日志, 
# 并將其寫入從服務(wù)器的二進(jìn)制日志. 
#log_slave_updates
# Enable the full query log. Every query (even ones with incorrect 
# syntax) that the server receives will be logged. This is useful for 
# debugging, it is usually disabled in production use.
# 打開查詢?nèi)罩? 所有的由服務(wù)器接收到的查詢 (甚至對于一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤語法的查詢) 
# 都會被記錄下來. 這對于調(diào)試非常有用, 在生產(chǎn)環(huán)境中常常關(guān)閉此項(xiàng). 
#log #默認(rèn)是沒有開啟的，會影響服務(wù)器性能
# Print warnings to the error log file. If you have any problem with 
# MySQL you should enable logging of warnings and examine the error log 
# for possible explanations.
# 將警告打印輸出到錯(cuò)誤log文件. 如果你對于MySQL有任何問題 
# 你應(yīng)該打開警告log并且仔細(xì)審查錯(cuò)誤日志,查出可能的原因. 
#log_warnings
# Log slow queries. Slow queries are queries which take more than the 
# amount of time defined in "long_query_time" or which do not use 
# indexes well, if log_short_format is not enabled. It is normally good idea 
# to have this turned on if you frequently add new queries to the 
# system.
# 記錄慢速查詢. 慢速查詢是指消耗了比 “l(fā)ong_query_time” 定義的更多時(shí)間的查詢. 
# 如果 log_long_format 被打開,那些沒有使用索引的查詢也會被記錄. 
# 如果你經(jīng)常增加新查詢到已有的系統(tǒng)內(nèi)的話. 一般來說這是一個(gè)好主意 
slow_query_log
# All queries taking more than this amount of time (in seconds) will be 
# trated as slow. Do not use "1" as a value here, as this will result in 
# even very fast queries being logged from time to time (as MySQL 
# currently measures time with second accuracy only). 
# 所有的使用了比這個(gè)時(shí)間(以秒為單位)更多的查詢會被認(rèn)為是慢速查詢. 
# 不要在這里使用”1″, 否則會導(dǎo)致所有的查詢,甚至非?？斓牟樵冺摫挥涗浵聛?由于MySQL 目前時(shí)間的精確度只能達(dá)到秒的級別).
long_query_time = 2
# *** Replication related settings # *** 主從復(fù)制相關(guān)的設(shè)置
# Unique server identification number between 1 and 2^32-1. This value 
# is required for both master and slave hosts. It defaults to 1 if 
# "master-host" is not set, but will MySQL will not function as a master 
# if it is omitted.
# 唯一的服務(wù)辨識號,數(shù)值位于 1 到 2^32-1之間. 
# 此值在master和slave上都需要設(shè)置. 
# 如果 “master-host” 沒有被設(shè)置,則默認(rèn)為1, 但是如果忽略此選項(xiàng),MySQL不會作為master生效. 
server-id = 1
# Replication Slave (comment out master section to use this) #復(fù)制的Slave (去掉master段的注釋來使其生效) 
# 
# To configure this host as a replication slave, you can choose between 
# two methods : #為了配置此主機(jī)作為復(fù)制的slave服務(wù)器,你可以選擇兩種方法: 
# 
# 1) Use the CHANGE MASTER TO command (fully described in our manual) - 
#  the syntax is: #使用 CHANGE MASTER TO 命令 (在我們的手冊中有完整描述) - 
# 語法如下:
# 
#  CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST=<host>, MASTER_PORT=<port>, 
#  MASTER_USER=<user>, MASTER_PASSWORD=<password> ; 
# 
#  where you replace <host>, <user>, <password> by quoted strings and 
#  <port> by the master's port number (3306 by default). 
#  你需要替換掉 , , 等被尖括號包圍的字段以及使用master的端口號替換 (默認(rèn)3306). 
#  Example: 案例 
# 
#  CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='125.564.12.1', MASTER_PORT=3306, 
#  MASTER_USER='joe', MASTER_PASSWORD='secret'; 
# 
# OR 或者 
# 
# 2) Set the variables below. However, in case you choose this method, then 
#  start replication for the first time (even unsuccessfully, for example 
#  if you mistyped the password in master-password and the slave fails to 
#  connect), the slave will create a master.info file, and any later 
#  changes in this file to the variable values below will be ignored and 
#  overridden by the content of the master.info file, unless you shutdown 
#  the slave server, delete master.info and restart the slaver server. 
#  For that reason, you may want to leave the lines below untouched 
#  (commented) and instead use CHANGE MASTER TO (see above) 
#
#設(shè)置以下的變量. 不論如何, 在你選擇這種方法的情況下, 然后第一次啟動復(fù)制(甚至不成功的情況下, 
# 例如如果你輸入錯(cuò)密碼在master-password字段并且slave無法連接), 
# slave會創(chuàng)建一個(gè) master.info 文件,并且之后任何對于包含在此文件內(nèi)的參數(shù)的變化都會被忽略 
# 并且由 master.info 文件內(nèi)的內(nèi)容覆蓋, 除非你關(guān)閉slave服務(wù), 刪除 master.info 并且重啟slave 服務(wù). 
# 由于這個(gè)原因,你也許不想碰一下的配置(注釋掉的) 并且使用 CHANGE MASTER TO (查看上面) 來代替
# required unique id between 2 and 2^32 - 1 
# (and different from the master) 
# defaults to 2 if master-host is set 
# but will not function as a slave if omitted
# 所需要的唯一id號位于 2 和 2^32 – 1之間 
# (并且和master不同) 
# 如果master-host被設(shè)置了.則默認(rèn)值是2 
# 但是如果省略,則不會生效 
#server-id = 2 
# 
# The replication master for this slave – required
# 復(fù)制結(jié)構(gòu)中的master – 必須 
#master-host = <hostname> 
# 
# The username the slave will use for authentication when connecting 
# to the master – required
# 當(dāng)連接到master上時(shí)slave所用來認(rèn)證的用戶名 – 必須
#master-user = <username> 
# 
# The password the slave will authenticate with when connecting to
# the master – required
# 當(dāng)連接到master上時(shí)slave所用來認(rèn)證的密碼 – 必須
#master-password = <password> 
# 
# The port the master is listening on. 
# optional - defaults to 3306
# master監(jiān)聽的端口. 
# 可選 – 默認(rèn)是3306 
#master-port = <port>
# Make the slave read-only. Only users with the SUPER privilege and the 
# replication slave thread will be able to modify data on it. You can 
# use this to ensure that no applications will accidently modify data on 
# the slave instead of the master
# 使得slave只讀.只有用戶擁有SUPER權(quán)限和在上面的slave線程能夠修改數(shù)據(jù). 
# 你可以使用此項(xiàng)去保證沒有應(yīng)用程序會意外的修改slave而不是master上的數(shù)據(jù)
#read_only
#*** MyISAM Specific options
#*** MyISAM 相關(guān)選項(xiàng) 
# Size of the Key Buffer, used to cache index blocks for MyISAM tables. 
# Do not set it larger than 30% of your available memory, as some memory 
# is also required by the OS to cache rows. Even if you're not using 
# MyISAM tables, you should still set it to 8-64M as it will also be 
# used for internal temporary disk tables.
# 關(guān)鍵詞緩沖的大小, 一般用來緩沖MyISAM表的索引塊. 
# 不要將其設(shè)置大于你可用內(nèi)存的30%, 
# 因?yàn)橐徊糠謨?nèi)存同樣被OS用來緩沖行數(shù)據(jù) 
# 甚至在你并不使用MyISAM 表的情況下, 你也需要仍舊設(shè)置起 8-64M 內(nèi)存由于它同樣會被內(nèi)部臨時(shí)磁盤表使用. 
key_buffer_size = 32M
# MyISAM uses special tree-like cache to make bulk inserts (that is, 
# INSERT ... SELECT, INSERT ... VALUES (...), (...), ..., and LOAD DATA 
# INFILE) faster. This variable limits the size of the cache tree in 
# bytes per thread. Setting it to 0 will disable this optimisation. Do 
# not set it larger than "key_buffer_size" for optimal performance. 
# This buffer is allocated when a bulk insert is detected.
# MyISAM 使用特殊的類似樹的cache來使得突發(fā)插入 
# (這些插入是,INSERT … SELECT, INSERT … VALUES (…), (…), …, 以及 LOAD DATA 
# INFILE) 更快. 此變量限制每個(gè)進(jìn)程中緩沖樹的字節(jié)數(shù). 
# 設(shè)置為 0 會關(guān)閉此優(yōu)化. 
# 為了最優(yōu)化不要將此值設(shè)置大于 “key_buffer_size”. 
# 當(dāng)突發(fā)插入被檢測到時(shí)此緩沖將被分配. 
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M
# This buffer is allocated when MySQL needs to rebuild the index in 
# REPAIR, OPTIMIZE, ALTER table statements as well as in LOAD DATA INFILE 
# into an empty table. It is allocated per thread so be careful with 
# large settings.
# 此緩沖當(dāng)MySQL需要在 REPAIR, OPTIMIZE, ALTER 以及 LOAD DATA INFILE 到一個(gè)空表中引起重建索引時(shí)被分配. 
# 這在每個(gè)線程中被分配.所以在設(shè)置大值時(shí)需要小心. 
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M
# The maximum size of the temporary file MySQL is allowed to use while 
# recreating the index (during REPAIR, ALTER TABLE or LOAD DATA INFILE. 
# If the file-size would be bigger than this, the index will be created 
# through the key cache (which is slower).
# MySQL重建索引時(shí)所允許的最大臨時(shí)文件的大小 (當(dāng) REPAIR, ALTER TABLE 或者 LOAD DATA INFILE). 
# 如果文件大小比此值更大,索引會通過鍵值緩沖創(chuàng)建(更慢) 
myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G
# If a table has more than one index, MyISAM can use more than one 
# thread to repair them by sorting in parallel. This makes sense if you 
# have multiple CPUs and plenty of memory.
# 如果一個(gè)表擁有超過一個(gè)索引, MyISAM 可以通過并行排序使用超過一個(gè)線程去修復(fù)他們. 
# 這對于擁有多個(gè)CPU以及大量內(nèi)存情況的用戶,是一個(gè)很好的選擇. 
myisam_repair_threads = 1
# Automatically check and repair not properly closed MyISAM tables.
# 自動檢查和修復(fù)沒有適當(dāng)關(guān)閉的 MyISAM 表. 
myisam_recover
             
# *** INNODB Specific options ***
# *** INNODB 相關(guān)選項(xiàng) ***
# Use this option if you have a MySQL server with InnoDB support enabled 
# but you do not plan to use it. This will save memory and disk space 
# and speed up some things.
# 如果你的MySQL服務(wù)包含InnoDB支持但是并不打算使用的話, 
# 使用此選項(xiàng)會節(jié)省內(nèi)存以及磁盤空間,并且加速某些部分 
#skip-innodb
# Additional memory pool that is used by InnoDB to store metadata 
# information. If InnoDB requires more memory for this purpose it will 
# start to allocate it from the OS. As this is fast enough on most 
# recent operating systems, you normally do not need to change this 
# value. SHOW INNODB STATUS will display the current amount used.
# 附加的內(nèi)存池被InnoDB用來保存 metadata 信息 
# 如果InnoDB為此目的需要更多的內(nèi)存,它會開始從OS這里申請內(nèi)存. 
# 由于這個(gè)操作在大多數(shù)現(xiàn)代操作系統(tǒng)上已經(jīng)足夠快, 你一般不需要修改此值. 
# SHOW INNODB STATUS 命令會顯示當(dāng)先使用的數(shù)量. 
innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16M
# InnoDB, unlike MyISAM, uses a buffer pool to cache both indexes and 
# row data. The bigger you set this the less disk I/O is needed to 
# access data in tables. On a dedicated database server you may set this 
# parameter up to 80% of the machine physical memory size. Do not set it 
# too large, though, because competition of the physical memory may 
# cause paging in the operating system. Note that on 32bit systems you 
# might be limited to 2-3.5G of user level memory per process, so do not 
# set it too high. 
# InnoDB使用一個(gè)緩沖池來保存索引和原始數(shù)據(jù), 不像 MyISAM. 
# 這里你設(shè)置越大,你在存取表里面數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)所需要的磁盤I/O越少. 
# 在一個(gè)獨(dú)立使用的數(shù)據(jù)庫服務(wù)器上,你可以設(shè)置這個(gè)變量到服務(wù)器物理內(nèi)存大小的80% 
# 不要設(shè)置過大,否則,由于物理內(nèi)存的競爭可能導(dǎo)致操作系統(tǒng)的換頁顛簸. 
# 注意在32位系統(tǒng)上你每個(gè)進(jìn)程可能被限制在 2-3.5G 用戶層面內(nèi)存限制, 
# 所以不要設(shè)置的太高.
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 2G
# InnoDB stores data in one or more data files forming the tablespace. 
# If you have a single logical drive for your data, a single 
# autoextending file would be good enough. In other cases, a single file 
# per device is often a good choice. You can configure InnoDB to use raw 
# disk partitions as well - please refer to the manual for more info 
# about this.
# InnoDB 將數(shù)據(jù)保存在一個(gè)或者多個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)文件中成為表空間. 
# 如果你只有單個(gè)邏輯驅(qū)動保存你的數(shù)據(jù),一個(gè)單個(gè)的自增文件就足夠好了. 
# 其他情況下.每個(gè)設(shè)備一個(gè)文件一般都是個(gè)好的選擇. 
# 你也可以配置InnoDB來使用裸盤分區(qū) – 請參考手冊來獲取更多相關(guān)內(nèi)容 
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend
# Set this option if you would like the InnoDB tablespace files to be 
# stored in another location. By default this is the MySQL datadir.
# 設(shè)置此選項(xiàng)如果你希望InnoDB表空間文件被保存在其他分區(qū). 
# 默認(rèn)保存在MySQL的datadir中. 
#innodb_data_home_dir = <directory>
# Number of IO threads to use for async IO operations. This value is 
# hardcoded to 8 on Unix, but on Windows disk I/O may benefit from a 
# larger number.
# 用來同步IO操作的IO線程的數(shù)量. This value is 
# 此值在Unix下被硬編碼為8,但是在Windows磁盤I/O可能在一個(gè)大數(shù)值下表現(xiàn)的更好. 
innodb_write_io_threads = 8 
innodb_read_io_threads = 8
# If you run into InnoDB tablespace corruption, setting this to a nonzero 
# value will likely help you to dump your tables. Start from value 1 and 
# increase it until you're able to dump the table successfully.
# 如果你發(fā)現(xiàn)InnoDB表空間損壞, 設(shè)置此值為一個(gè)非零值可能幫助你導(dǎo)出你的表. 
# 從1開始并且增加此值知道你能夠成功的導(dǎo)出表. 
#innodb_force_recovery=1
# Number of threads allowed inside the InnoDB kernel. The optimal value 
# depends highly on the application, hardware as well as the OS 
# scheduler properties. A too high value may lead to thread thrashing.
# 在InnoDb核心內(nèi)的允許線程數(shù)量. 
# 最優(yōu)值依賴于應(yīng)用程序,硬件以及操作系統(tǒng)的調(diào)度方式. 
# 過高的值可能導(dǎo)致線程的互斥顛簸. 
innodb_thread_concurrency = 16
# If set to 1, InnoDB will flush (fsync) the transaction logs to the 
# disk at each commit, which offers full ACID behavior. If you are 
# willing to compromise this safety, and you are running small 
# transactions, you may set this to 0 or 2 to reduce disk I/O to the 
# logs. Value 0 means that the log is only written to the log file and 
# the log file flushed to disk approximately once per second. Value 2 
# means the log is written to the log file at each commit, but the log 
# file is only flushed to disk approximately once per second.
# 如果設(shè)置為1 ,InnoDB會在每次提交后刷新(fsync)事務(wù)日志到磁盤上, 
# 這提供了完整的ACID行為. 
# 如果你愿意對事務(wù)安全折衷, 并且你正在運(yùn)行一個(gè)小的食物, 你可以設(shè)置此值到0或者2來減少由事務(wù)日志引起的磁盤I/O 
# 0代表日志只大約每秒寫入日志文件并且日志文件刷新到磁盤. 
# 2代表日志寫入日志文件在每次提交后,但是日志文件只有大約每秒才會刷新到磁盤上. 
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
# Speed up InnoDB shutdown. This will disable InnoDB to do a full purge 
# and insert buffer merge on shutdown. It may increase shutdown time a 
# lot, but InnoDB will have to do it on the next startup instead.
# 加速InnoDB的關(guān)閉. 這會阻止InnoDB在關(guān)閉時(shí)做全清除以及插入緩沖合并. 
# 這可能極大增加關(guān)機(jī)時(shí)間, 但是取而代之的是InnoDB可能在下次啟動時(shí)做這些操作. 
#innodb_fast_shutdown
# The size of the buffer InnoDB uses for buffering log data. As soon as 
# it is full, InnoDB will have to flush it to disk. As it is flushed 
# once per second anyway, it does not make sense to have it very large 
# (even with long transactions).
# 用來緩沖日志數(shù)據(jù)的緩沖區(qū)的大小. 
# 當(dāng)此值快滿時(shí), InnoDB將必須刷新數(shù)據(jù)到磁盤上. 
# 由于基本上每秒都會刷新一次,所以沒有必要將此值設(shè)置的太大(甚至對于長事務(wù)而言) 
innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M
# Size of each log file in a log group. You should set the combined size 
# of log files to about 25%-100% of your buffer pool size to avoid 
# unneeded buffer pool flush activity on log file overwrite. However, 
# note that a larger logfile size will increase the time needed for the 
# recovery process.
# 在日志組中每個(gè)日志文件的大小. 
# 你應(yīng)該設(shè)置日志文件總合大小到你緩沖池大小的25%~100% 
# 來避免在日志文件覆寫上不必要的緩沖池刷新行為. 
# 不論如何, 請注意一個(gè)大的日志文件大小會增加恢復(fù)進(jìn)程所需要的時(shí)間. 
innodb_log_file_size = 256M
# Total number of files in the log group. A value of 2-3 is usually good 
# enough.
# 在日志組中的文件總數(shù). 
# 通常來說2~3是比較好的. 
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
# Location of the InnoDB log files. Default is the MySQL datadir. You 
# may wish to point it to a dedicated hard drive or a RAID1 volume for 
# improved performance
# InnoDB的日志文件所在位置. 默認(rèn)是MySQL的datadir. 
# 你可以將其指定到一個(gè)獨(dú)立的硬盤上或者一個(gè)RAID1卷上來提高其性能 
#innodb_log_group_home_dir
# Maximum allowed percentage of dirty pages in the InnoDB buffer pool. 
# If it is reached, InnoDB will start flushing them out agressively to 
# not run out of clean pages at all. This is a soft limit, not 
# guaranteed to be held.
# 在InnoDB緩沖池中最大允許的臟頁面的比例. 
# 如果達(dá)到限額, InnoDB會開始刷新他們防止他們妨礙到干凈數(shù)據(jù)頁面. 
# 這是一個(gè)軟限制,不被保證絕對執(zhí)行. 
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90
# The flush method InnoDB will use for Log. The tablespace always uses 
# doublewrite flush logic. The default value is "fdatasync", another 
# option is "O_DSYNC".
# InnoDB用來刷新日志的方法. 
# 表空間總是使用雙重寫入刷新方法 
# 默認(rèn)值是 “fdatasync”, 另一個(gè)是 “O_DSYNC”. 
#innodb_flush_method=O_DSYNC
# How long an InnoDB transaction should wait for a lock to be granted 
# before being rolled back. InnoDB automatically detects transaction 
# deadlocks in its own lock table and rolls back the transaction. If you 
# use the LOCK TABLES command, or other transaction-safe storage engines 
# than InnoDB in the same transaction, then a deadlock may arise which 
# InnoDB cannot notice. In cases like this the timeout is useful to 
# resolve the situation.
# 在被回滾前,一個(gè)InnoDB的事務(wù)應(yīng)該等待一個(gè)鎖被批準(zhǔn)多久. 
# InnoDB在其擁有的鎖表中自動檢測事務(wù)死鎖并且回滾事務(wù). 
# 如果你使用 LOCK TABLES 指令, 或者在同樣事務(wù)中使用除了InnoDB以外的其他事務(wù)安全的存儲引擎 
# 那么一個(gè)死鎖可能發(fā)生而InnoDB無法注意到. 
# 這種情況下這個(gè)timeout值對于解決這種問題就非常有幫助. 
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120
[mysqldump] 
# Do not buffer the whole result set in memory before writing it to 
# file. Required for dumping very large tables
# 不要在將內(nèi)存中的整個(gè)結(jié)果寫入磁盤之前緩存. 在導(dǎo)出非常巨大的表時(shí)需要此項(xiàng) 
quick
max_allowed_packet = 16M
[mysql] 
no-auto-rehash
# Only allow UPDATEs and DELETEs that use keys.
# 僅僅允許使用鍵值的 UPDATEs 和 DELETEs . 
#safe-updates
[myisamchk] 
key_buffer_size = 512M 
sort_buffer_size = 512M 
read_buffer = 8M 
write_buffer = 8M
[mysqlhotcopy] 
interactive-timeout
[mysqld_safe] 
# Increase the amount of open files allowed per process. Warning: Make 
# sure you have set the global system limit high enough! The high value 
# is required for a large number of opened tables
# 增加每個(gè)進(jìn)程的可打開文件數(shù)量. 
# 警告: 確認(rèn)你已經(jīng)將全系統(tǒng)限制設(shè)定的足夠高! 
# 打開大量表需要將此值設(shè)大 
open-files-limit = 8192

[client] 
port    = 3306 
socket    = /tmp/mysql.sock
default-character-set = utf8 #設(shè)置客戶端的字符編碼
[mysqld]
# generic configuration options 
port    = 3306 
socket    = /tmp/mysql.sock
#*** char set ***
character-set-server = utf8 #設(shè)置服務(wù)器端的字符編碼
            
#*** network ***
back_log = 512
#skip-networking #默認(rèn)沒有開啟
max_connections = 3000
max_connect_errors = 30
table_open_cache = 4096
#external-locking #默認(rèn)沒有開啟
max_allowed_packet = 32M
max_heap_table_size = 128M
            
# *** global cache ***
read_buffer_size = 8M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 64M
sort_buffer_size = 16M
join_buffer_size = 16M
            
# *** thread ***
thread_cache_size = 16
thread_concurrency = 8
thread_stack = 512K
            
# *** query cache ***
query_cache_size = 128M
query_cache_limit = 4M
            
# *** index ***
ft_min_word_len = 8
            
#memlock #默認(rèn)沒有開啟
default-storage-engine = INNODB
transaction_isolation = REPEATABLE-READ
            
# *** tmp table ***
tmp_table_size = 64M
            
# *** bin log ***
log-bin=mysql-bin
binlog_cache_size = 4M
binlog_format=mixed
#log_slave_updates #默認(rèn)沒有開啟
#log #默認(rèn)沒有開啟，此處是查詢?nèi)罩荆_啟會影響服務(wù)器性能
log_warnings #開啟警告日志
            
# *** slow query log ***
slow_query_log
long_query_time = 10
# *** Replication related settings
server-id = 1
#server-id = 2 
#master-host = <hostname> 
#master-user = <username> 
#master-password = <password> 
#master-port = <port>
#read_only
#*** MyISAM Specific options
key_buffer_size = 128M
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 256M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 256M
myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G
myisam_repair_threads = 1
myisam_recover
            
# *** INNODB Specific options ***
#skip-innodb #默認(rèn)沒有開啟
innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 64M
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 6G #注意在32位系統(tǒng)上你每個(gè)進(jìn)程可能被限制在 2-3.5G 用戶層面內(nèi)存限制, 所以不要設(shè)置的太高.
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend
#innodb_data_home_dir = <directory>
innodb_write_io_threads = 8 
innodb_read_io_threads = 8
#innodb_force_recovery=1
innodb_thread_concurrency = 16
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
#說明：innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2 如果是游戲服務(wù)器，建議此值設(shè)置為2；如果是對數(shù)據(jù)安全要求極高的應(yīng)用，建議設(shè)置為1；設(shè)置為0性能最高，但如果發(fā)生故障，數(shù)據(jù)可能會有丟失的危險(xiǎn)！默認(rèn)值1的意思是每一次事務(wù)提交或事務(wù)外的指令都需要把日志寫入（flush）硬盤，這是很費(fèi)時(shí)的。特別是使用電池供電緩存（Battery backed up cache）時(shí)。設(shè)成2對于很多運(yùn)用，特別是從MyISAM表轉(zhuǎn)過來的是可以的，它的意思是不寫入硬盤而是寫入系統(tǒng)緩存。日志仍然會每秒flush到硬盤，所以你一般不會丟失超過1-2秒的更新。設(shè)成0會更快一點(diǎn)，但安全方面比較差，即使MySQL掛了也可能會丟失事務(wù)的數(shù)據(jù)。而值2只會在整個(gè)操作系統(tǒng)掛了時(shí)才可能丟數(shù)據(jù)。
#innodb_fast_shutdown
innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M
innodb_log_file_size = 512M
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
#innodb_log_group_home_dir
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90
#innodb_flush_method=O_DSYNC
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120
[mysqldump] 
quick
max_allowed_packet = 32M
[mysql] 
no-auto-rehash
[myisamchk] 
key_buffer_size = 2048M 
sort_buffer_size = 2048M 
read_buffer = 32M 
write_buffer = 32M
[mysqlhotcopy] 
interactive-timeout
[mysqld_safe] 
open-files-limit = 10240

mysql> show status; #顯示狀態(tài)信息 
mysql> show variables; #顯示系統(tǒng)變量 
mysql> show engines; #查看所有引擎
mysql> show engine innodb status; #顯示InnoDB存儲引擎的狀態(tài)