struts2.3.24+spring4.1.6+hibernate4.3.11+mysql5.5.25開發(fā)環(huán)境搭建圖文教程
struts2.3.24 + spring4.1.6 + hibernate4.3.11+ mysql5.5.25開發(fā)環(huán)境搭建及相關說明。
一、目標
1、搭建傳統(tǒng)的ssh開發(fā)環(huán)境,并成功運行(插入、查詢)
2、了解c3p0連接池相關配置
3、了解驗證hibernate的二級緩存,并驗證
4、了解spring事物配置,并驗證
5、了解spring的IOC(依賴注入),將struts2的action對象(bean)交給spring管理,自定義bean等...并驗證
6、了解spring aop(面向切面編程),并編寫自定義切面函數,驗證結果
二、前期準備
開發(fā)環(huán)境:eclipse for java ee;mysql5.5.25;jdk1.7.0_79;navicat10.1.7(可選);

創(chuàng)建數據庫demo:
/* Navicat MySQL Data Transfer Source Server : localhost_3306 Source Server Version : 50519 Source Host : localhost:3306 Source Database : demo Target Server Type : MYSQL Target Server Version : 50519 File Encoding : 65001 Date: 2016-01-09 23:36:02 */ SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0; -- ---------------------------- -- Table structure for `user` -- ---------------------------- DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `user`; CREATE TABLE `user` ( `id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `account` varchar(200) NOT NULL, `name` varchar(200) NOT NULL, `address` varchar(1000) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
新建web工程,目錄結構如下:

jar包準備,放到WEB-INF的lib目錄下(有興趣的可以用maven管理過程,但是有時候下載jar包很慢...)
相關jar包都可以在下載下來的struts、spring、hibernate中找到,這里給個參考,有些是可以刪除的,比如spring mvc部分的jar包:

三、配置web.xml
配置一個struts2的filter,映射所有*.action請求,由StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter對象來處理;
配置context-param參數,指定spring配置文件的路徑,<context-param>中的參數可以用ServletContext.getInitParameter(“param-name”)來獲??;
配置listener,主要是讀取applicationContext.xml配置文件信息,創(chuàng)建bean等初始化工作;
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0"> <display-name>SSH</display-name> <filter> <filter-name>struts2</filter-name> <filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>struts2</filter-name> <url-pattern>*.action</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value> </context-param> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> </web-app>
四、配置applicationContext.xml
配置自動掃描ssh包下的@Repostory,@Service等注解,并生成對應的bean;
配置數據源(jdbc連接池為c3p0,可以參考c3p0的詳細配置),連接池主要作用是快速提供connection,重復利用,不需要每次銷毀創(chuàng)建,需配置用戶名、密碼、最大連接數、最小連接數、初始連接數等相關參數;
配置sessionFactory(可以參考hibernate的詳細配置,這里配置開啟二級緩存),主要作用是提供session,執(zhí)行sql語句;這里我們將會通過HibernateTemplate來對數據庫進行操作,方便spring進行實物控制;ps,hibernate配置中還要配置類與數據庫表的映射;
配置事務管理器bean為HibernateTransactionManager,并把成員屬性sessionFactory初始化為之前配置的sessionFactory bean;
配置事務的傳播特性,并配置一個切面引用它,對所有ssh.service包及子包下所有add、delete、update、save方法進行事務控制,還可以配置事務傳播行為等參數;
最后是一個自定義aop相關配置,對ssh.aop.AopTest下所有test開頭的方法應用自定義切面‘myAop'進行控制,后續(xù)會驗證結果;
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc-4.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd"> <!-- scans the classpath for annotated components (including @Repostory and @Service that will be auto-registered as Spring beans --> <context:component-scan base-package="ssh" /> <!--配數據源 --> <bean name="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource" destroy-method="close"> <property name="driverClass" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" /> <property name="jdbcUrl" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/demo" /> <property name="user" value="root" /> <property name="password" value="root" /> <property name="acquireIncrement" value="1"></property> <property name="initialPoolSize" value="80"></property> <property name="maxIdleTime" value="60"></property> <property name="maxPoolSize" value="80"></property> <property name="minPoolSize" value="30"></property> <property name="acquireRetryDelay" value="1000"></property> <property name="acquireRetryAttempts" value="60"></property> <property name="breakAfterAcquireFailure" value="false"></property> <!-- 如出現(xiàn)Too many connections, 注意修改mysql的配置文件my.ini,增大最多連接數配置項,(查看當前連接命令:show processlist) --> </bean> <bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.LocalSessionFactoryBean"> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" /> <property name="hibernateProperties"> <props> <prop key="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</prop> <prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop> <prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">update</prop> <prop key="current_session_context_class">thread</prop> <prop key="hibernate.cache.use_second_level_cache">true</prop> <prop key="hibernate.cache.region.factory_class">org.hibernate.cache.ehcache.EhCacheRegionFactory</prop> <prop key="hibernate.cache.use_query_cache">true</prop> <prop key="hibernate.cache.provider_configuration_file_resource_path">ehcache.xml</prop> </props> </property> <property name="mappingLocations"> <list> <value>classpath:ssh/model/User.hbm.xml</value> </list> </property> <!-- <property name="annotatedClasses"> <list> <value>ssh.model.User</value> </list> </property> --> </bean> <!-- 配置事務管理器 --> <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.HibernateTransactionManager"> <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" /> </bean> <!-- 事務的傳播特性 --> <tx:advice id="txadvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager"> <tx:attributes> <tx:method name="add*" propagation="REQUIRED" read-only="false" rollback-for="java.lang.Exception"/> <tx:method name="delete*" propagation="REQUIRED" read-only="false" rollback-for="java.lang.Exception"/> <tx:method name="update*" propagation="REQUIRED" read-only="false" rollback-for="java.lang.Exception"/> <tx:method name="save*" propagation="REQUIRED" read-only="false" rollback-for="java.lang.Exception"/> </tx:attributes> </tx:advice> <aop:config> <aop:pointcut id="pcMethod" expression="execution(* ssh.service..*.*(..))" /> <aop:advisor pointcut-ref="pcMethod" advice-ref="txadvice" /> </aop:config> <!-- 自定義aop處理 測試 --> <bean id="aopTest" class="ssh.aop.AopTest"></bean> <bean id="myAop" class="ssh.aop.MyAop"></bean> <aop:config proxy-target-class="true"> <aop:aspect ref="myAop"> <aop:pointcut id="pcMethodTest" expression="execution(* ssh.aop.AopTest.test*(..))"/> <aop:before pointcut-ref="pcMethodTest" method="before"/> <aop:after pointcut-ref="pcMethodTest" method="after"/> </aop:aspect> </aop:config> </beans>
五、配置struts.xml
配置struts.objectFactory常數為spring,表示action由通過spring的bean中獲?。?/p>
配置result type為"json",也可以配置其它的,這里為了前后端數據交互簡便,配置成json格式;
配置兩個action,addUser和queryAllUser;
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN" "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd"> <struts> <constant name="struts.objectFactory" value="spring"/> <constant name="struts.enable.DynamicMethodInvocation" value="false" /> <constant name="struts.devMode" value="false" /> <package name="default" extends="struts-default,json-default"> <global-results> <result type="json"> <param name="root">json</param> <param name="contentType">text/html</param> </result> </global-results> <action name="addUser" class="userAction" method="addUser"> <result>.</result> </action> <action name="queryAllUser" class="userAction" method="queryAllUser"> <result>.</result> </action> </package> <!-- Add packages here --> </struts>
六、編寫相關代碼
注意事項:
dao繼承HibernateDaoSupport類,所有數據庫相關操作用hibernateTemplate操作;
給dao層,service層,action添加相應注解,注冊為spring的bean;
附代碼如下:
UserAction.java
package ssh.action;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.List;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import ssh.aop.AopTest;
import ssh.model.User;
import ssh.service.UserService;
import com.google.gson.Gson;
@Controller
public class UserAction {
Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(UserAction.class);
@Resource
private UserService userService;
@Resource
private AopTest aopTest;
public void addUser(){
PrintWriter out = null;
try{
HttpServletRequest request = ServletActionContext.getRequest();
HttpServletResponse response = ServletActionContext.getResponse();
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
String account = request.getParameter("account");
String name = request.getParameter("name");
String address = request.getParameter("address");
User user = new User();
user.setAccount(account);
user.setAddress(address);
user.setName(name);
userService.add(user);
out = response.getWriter();
out.write(new Gson().toJson("success"));
}catch(Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
logger.error(e.getMessage());
if(out != null)
out.write(new Gson().toJson("fail"));
}finally{
out.flush();
out.close();
}
}
public void queryAllUser(){
PrintWriter out = null;
aopTest.test1();
aopTest.test2();
//logger.error("i");
try {
HttpServletResponse response = ServletActionContext.getResponse();
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
Gson gson = new Gson();
List<User> userList= userService.queryAllUser();
String gsonStr = gson.toJson(userList);
out = response.getWriter();
out.write(gsonStr);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
logger.error(e.getMessage());
if(out != null)
out.write(new Gson().toJson("fail"));
}finally{
out.flush();
out.close();
}
}
}
AopTest.java
package ssh.aop;
public class AopTest {
public void test1(){
System.out.println("AopTest test1 method is running~");
}
public void test2(){
System.out.println("AopTest test2 method is running~");
}
}
MyAop.java
package ssh.aop;
public class MyAop {
public void before(){
System.out.println("befor~");
}
public void after(){
System.out.println("after~");
}
}
BaseDao.java
package ssh.dao.base;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.support.HibernateDaoSupport;
public class BaseDao extends HibernateDaoSupport{
@Resource
public void setMySessionFactory(SessionFactory sessionFactory){
this.setSessionFactory(sessionFactory);
}
}
UserDao.java
package ssh.dao;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.HibernateTemplate;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
import ssh.dao.base.BaseDao;
import ssh.model.User;
@Repository
public class UserDao extends BaseDao{
public void add(User user){
this.getHibernateTemplate().save(user);
}
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public List<User> queryAllUser(){
List<User> users = new ArrayList<User>();
HibernateTemplate hibernateTemplate = this.getHibernateTemplate();
hibernateTemplate.setCacheQueries(true);
users = (List<User>) hibernateTemplate.find("from User");
hibernateTemplate.setCacheQueries(false);
return users;
}
}
User.java
package ssh.model;
import java.io.Serializable;
public class User implements Serializable{
/**
*
*/
private static final long serialVersionUID = -6190571611246371934L;
private Long id;
private String account;
private String name;
private String address;
public String getAccount() {
return account;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public String getAddress() {
return address;
}
public void setAccount(String account) {
this.account = account;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public void setAddress(String address) {
this.address = address;
}
/**
* @return the id
*/
public Long getId() {
return id;
}
/**
* @param id the id to set
*/
public void setId(Long id) {
this.id = id;
}
}
User.hbm.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?> <!-- ~ Hibernate, Relational Persistence for Idiomatic Java ~ ~ Copyright (c) 2010, Red Hat Inc. or third-party contributors as ~ indicated by the @author tags or express copyright attribution ~ statements applied by the authors. All third-party contributions are ~ distributed under license by Red Hat Inc. ~ ~ This copyrighted material is made available to anyone wishing to use, modify, ~ copy, or redistribute it subject to the terms and conditions of the GNU ~ Lesser General Public License, as published by the Free Software Foundation. ~ ~ This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, ~ but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY ~ or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Lesser General Public License ~ for more details. ~ ~ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License ~ along with this distribution; if not, write to: ~ Free Software Foundation, Inc. ~ 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor ~ Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA --> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN" "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"> <hibernate-mapping package="ssh.model"> <class name="User" table="user"> <cache usage="read-write"/> <id name="id" column="id"> <generator class="increment"/> </id> <property name="account" type="java.lang.String" column="account"/> <property name="name" type="java.lang.String" column="name"/> <property name="address" type="java.lang.String" column="address"/> </class> </hibernate-mapping>
UserService.java
package ssh.service;
import java.util.List;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import ssh.dao.UserDao;
import ssh.model.User;
@Service
public class UserService {
@Resource
private UserDao userDao = new UserDao();
public List<User> queryAllUser(){
return userDao.queryAllUser();
}
public void add(User user){
userDao.add(user);
}
}
index.jsp(記得添加jquery庫)
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
<style>
.mt20{
margin-top: 20px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<div class="mt20"><label>賬號:</label><input id="account" type="text"/></div>
<div class="mt20"><label>姓名:</label><input id="name" type="text"/></div>
<div class="mt20"><label>地址:</label><input id="address" type="text"/></div>
<div class="mt20"><button id="addUser" >添加</button></div>
</div>
<h3>用戶列表:</h3>
<ul id="userList">
</ul>
<script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery-1.11.1.min.js"></script>
<script>
$(function() {
$.ajax({
url : 'queryAllUser.action',
type : 'post',
dataType : 'json',
success : function(data) {
try {
for(var i = 0; i < data.length; i++){
$("#userList").append("<li><span style='color:red'>id="+data[i].id+"</span>,account="+data[i].account+",name="+data[i].name+",address="+data[i].address+"</li>");
}
} catch (e) {};
}
,
error : function(e) {
alert("sys error");
}
});
$("#addUser").on("click", function() {
var account = $("#account").val();
var name = $("#name").val();
var address = $("#address").val();
$.ajax({
url : 'addUser.action',
type : 'post',
dataType : 'json',
data : {
account : account,
name : name,
address : address
},
success : function(data) {
try {
$("#userList").append("<li>account="+account+",name="+name+",address="+address+"</li>");
alert("添加成功");
} catch (e) {
}
},
error : function(e) {
alert("sys error");
}
});
});
});
</script>
</body>
</html>
七、驗證結果
回到開頭,開始熟悉了解相關技術,并驗證結果
1、搭建傳統(tǒng)的ssh開發(fā)環(huán)境,并成功運行(插入、查詢)
如下圖:查詢及添加用戶成功;

2、了解c3p0連接池相關配置
數據庫連接是一種昂貴的資源,開啟及關閉比較消耗性能,因此可以用連接池來管理,初始化若干個連接,重復使用,而不是重復創(chuàng)建關閉,有點類似線程池;
配置如下,要根據實際項目情況合理配置最小最大連接數,詳細的各個參數含義可以參考鏈接
另外要驗證連接數相關配置很簡單,可以自己寫個程序驗證,比如當配置最大連接數為10的時候,可以寫個程序驗證,當打開10個connection后,第11個connection會一直處于等待狀態(tài),獲取不到;所以要根據情況合理配置連接數,否則有可能會影響應用性能;
<!--配數據源 --> <bean name="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource" destroy-method="close"> <property name="driverClass" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" /> <property name="jdbcUrl" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/demo" /> <property name="user" value="root" /> <property name="password" value="root" /> <property name="acquireIncrement" value="1"></property> <property name="initialPoolSize" value="80"></property> <property name="maxIdleTime" value="60"></property> <property name="maxPoolSize" value="80"></property> <property name="minPoolSize" value="30"></property> <property name="acquireRetryDelay" value="1000"></property> <property name="acquireRetryAttempts" value="60"></property> <property name="breakAfterAcquireFailure" value="false"></property> <!-- 如出現(xiàn)Too many connections, 注意修改mysql的配置文件my.ini,增大最多連接數配置項,(查看當前連接命令:show processlist) --> </bean>
3、了解驗證hibernate的二級緩存,并驗證
hibernate的一級緩存是指session范圍的緩存,默認開啟,二級緩存是sessionFactory范圍緩存,在配置sessionFactory的時候,我們已經配置二級緩存為ehcache,接下來驗證效果,查詢user操作,發(fā)現(xiàn)第一次查詢會操作數據庫,打印sql語句,刷新頁面后,發(fā)現(xiàn)查詢成功且沒打印sql語句,如下圖,可見二級緩存工作OK;

4、了解spring事物配置,并驗證
所謂事務控制,原理都一樣,就是要保證原子性、一致性、隔離性、持久性,jdbc編程的時候,都是自己控制,通過set autocommit=false設置成不自動提交,然后開始寫具體的數據庫操作,發(fā)生異常的時候rollback,否則commit;其實spring對事物的控制原理也差不多,加了一些封裝,配置等,更加方便而已,比如可以在service層不同方法進行控制等;
驗證的話很簡單,在service層某個方法(注意方法名要符合spring配置文件中配置的規(guī)則)內寫兩個插入user的操作,在中間拋出一個異常,然后執(zhí)行,如果發(fā)現(xiàn)第一個user插入成功,說明事務控制失效,否則ok;
5、了解spring的IOC(依賴注入),將struts2的action對象(bean)交給spring管理,自定義bean等...并驗證
仔細觀察的話,在配置applicationContext.xml文件的過程中,主要工作都是在配置bean相關信息,這些bean都是事先創(chuàng)建好的,其實所謂的bean就是對象;
之所以把對象的創(chuàng)建交給spring容器,目的是為了解耦;
另外在用struts的時候,spring把action注冊為bean,默認是單例的,訪問的時候并不是每次都new出一個action,在并發(fā)訪問的時候,會有風險;
不過,可以通過scope="prototype",把action配置成多例;ps:struts2中的action默認是多例;
注意:applicationContext.xml配置的bean和自定義注解的bean都是可以在程序運行的過程中直接獲取的,通過@Resource等方式,這個很好驗證,寫個小程序即可;
6、了解spring aop(面向切面編程),并編寫自定義切面函數,驗證結果
切面編程這種形式很多地方都用了該思想,什么過濾器,攔截器,事務控制等等...
其原理還是java的反射和動態(tài)代理,在方法執(zhí)行前后加以控制,加入自己要執(zhí)行的代碼;
小例子中加了個切面,在方法執(zhí)行前后打印before和after字符串,如下圖,工作正常,代碼參考前面部分:

<!-- 自定義aop處理 測試 --> <bean id="aopTest" class="ssh.aop.AopTest"></bean> <bean id="myAop" class="ssh.aop.MyAop"></bean> <aop:config proxy-target-class="true"> <aop:aspect ref="myAop"> <aop:pointcut id="pcMethodTest" expression="execution(* ssh.aop.AopTest.test*(..))"/> <aop:before pointcut-ref="pcMethodTest" method="before"/> <aop:after pointcut-ref="pcMethodTest" method="after"/> </aop:aspect> </aop:config>
@author 風一樣的碼農
以上就是本文的全部內容,希望對大家的學習有所幫助,也希望大家多多支持腳本之家。
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