JavaWeb文件上傳下載功能示例解析

更新時(shí)間：2016年06月28日 17:24:00 作者：xj626852095

這篇文章主要介紹了JavaWeb中的文件上傳和下載功能的實(shí)現(xiàn)，文件上傳和下載功能是非常常用的功能,需要的朋友可以參考下

在Web應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)開(kāi)發(fā)中，文件上傳和下載功能是非常常用的功能，今天來(lái)講一下JavaWeb中的文件上傳和下載功能的實(shí)現(xiàn)。

1. 上傳簡(jiǎn)單示例

Jsp

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
<title>文件上傳下載</title>
</head>
<body>

<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/UploadServlet" enctype="multipart/form-data" method="post">
 上傳用戶：<input type="text" name="username" /> <br />
 上傳文件1：<input type="file" name="file1" /> <br />
 上傳文件2：<input type="file" name="file2" /> <br />
 <input type="submit" value="上傳 "/>
</form> 

<br />
${requestScope.message}

</body>
</html>

Servlet

public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
 throws ServletException, IOException {

 try{
 
 //1.得到解析器工廠
 DiskFileItemFactory factory = new DiskFileItemFactory();
 
 //2.得到解析器
 ServletFileUpload upload = new ServletFileUpload(factory);
 
 //3.判斷上傳表單的類型
 if(!upload.isMultipartContent(request)){
 //上傳表單為普通表單，則按照傳統(tǒng)方式獲取數(shù)據(jù)即可
 return;
 }
 
 //為上傳表單，則調(diào)用解析器解析上傳數(shù)據(jù)
 List<FileItem> list = upload.parseRequest(request); //FileItem
 
 //遍歷list，得到用于封裝第一個(gè)上傳輸入項(xiàng)數(shù)據(jù)fileItem對(duì)象
 for(FileItem item : list){
 
 if(item.isFormField()){
 //得到的是普通輸入項(xiàng)
 String name = item.getFieldName(); //得到輸入項(xiàng)的名稱
 String value = item.getString();
 System.out.println(name + "=" + value);
 }else{
 //得到上傳輸入項(xiàng)
 String filename = item.getName(); //得到上傳文件名 C:\Documents and Settings\ThinkPad\桌面\1.txt
 filename = filename.substring(filename.lastIndexOf("\\")+1);
 InputStream in = item.getInputStream(); //得到上傳數(shù)據(jù)
 int len = 0;
 byte buffer[]= new byte[1024];
 
 //用于保存上傳文件的目錄應(yīng)該禁止外界直接訪問(wèn)
 String savepath = this.getServletContext().getRealPath("/WEB-INF/upload");
 System.out.println(savepath);
 
 FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(savepath + "/" + filename); //向upload目錄中寫(xiě)入文件
 while((len=in.read(buffer))>0){
 out.write(buffer, 0, len);
 }
  
 in.close();
 out.close();
 request.setAttribute("message", "上傳成功");
 }
 }
 
 
 
 
 }catch (Exception e) {
 request.setAttribute("message", "上傳失敗");
 e.printStackTrace();
 }

 
 }

2. 修改后的上傳功能：

注意事項(xiàng)：

1、上傳文件名的中文亂碼和上傳數(shù)據(jù)的中文亂碼
upload.setHeaderEncoding("UTF-8"); //解決上傳文件名的中文亂碼
//表單為文件上傳，設(shè)置request編碼無(wú)效,只能手工轉(zhuǎn)換
1.1 value = new String(value.getBytes("iso8859-1"),"UTF-8");
1.2 String value = item.getString("UTF-8");

2.為保證服務(wù)器安全，上傳文件應(yīng)該放在外界無(wú)法直接訪問(wèn)的目錄

3、為防止文件覆蓋的現(xiàn)象發(fā)生，要為上傳文件產(chǎn)生一個(gè)唯一的文件名

4、為防止一個(gè)目錄下面出現(xiàn)太多文件，要使用hash算法打散存儲(chǔ)

5.要限制上傳文件的最大值，可以通過(guò)：ServletFileUpload.setFileSizeMax(1024)方法實(shí)現(xiàn)，并通過(guò)捕獲：
FileUploadBase.FileSizeLimitExceededException異常以給用戶友好提示

6.想確保臨時(shí)文件被刪除，一定要在處理完上傳文件后，調(diào)用item.delete方法

7.要限止上傳文件的類型：在收到上傳文件名時(shí)，判斷后綴名是否合法

8、監(jiān)聽(tīng)文件上傳進(jìn)度：

 ServletFileUpload upload = new ServletFileUpload(factory);
 upload.setProgressListener(new ProgressListener(){
 public void update(long pBytesRead, long pContentLength, int arg2) {
  System.out.println("文件大小為：" + pContentLength + ",當(dāng)前已處理：" + pBytesRead);
 }
 });

9. 在web頁(yè)面中動(dòng)態(tài)添加文件上傳輸入項(xiàng)

 function addinput(){
  var div = document.getElementById("file");
  
  var input = document.createElement("input");
  input.type="file";
  input.name="filename";
  
  var del = document.createElement("input");
  del.type="button";
  del.value="刪除";
  del.onclick = function d(){
  this.parentNode.parentNode.removeChild(this.parentNode);
  }
  
  
  var innerdiv = document.createElement("div");
  
  
  innerdiv.appendChild(input);
  innerdiv.appendChild(del);
  
  div.appendChild(innerdiv);
  }

上傳jsp:

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>


<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
 <head>
 <title>My JSP 'upload2.jsp' starting page</title>
 
 <script type="text/javascript">
  function addinput(){
  var div = document.getElementById("file");
  
  var input = document.createElement("input");
  input.type="file";
  input.name="filename";
  
  var del = document.createElement("input");
  del.type="button";
  del.value="刪除";
  del.onclick = function d(){
  this.parentNode.parentNode.removeChild(this.parentNode);
  }
  
  
  var innerdiv = document.createElement("div");
  
  
  innerdiv.appendChild(input);
  innerdiv.appendChild(del);
  
  div.appendChild(innerdiv);
  }
 </script>
 
 </head>
 
 <body>
 
 
 <form action="" enctype="mutlipart/form-data"></form>
 <table>
  <tr>
  <td>上傳用戶：</td>
  <td><input type="text" name="username"></td>
  </tr>
 <tr>  
  <td>上傳文件：</td>
  <td>
  <input type="button" value="添加上傳文件" onclick="addinput()">
  </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
  <td></td>
  <td>
  <div id="file">
  
  </div>
  </td>
  </tr>
  
 </table>
 
 
 </body>
</html>

上傳servlet

public class UploadServlet1 extends HttpServlet {

 public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
 throws ServletException, IOException {

 //request.getParameter("username"); //****錯(cuò)誤
 request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8"); //表單為文件上傳，設(shè)置request編碼無(wú)效
 
 //得到上傳文件的保存目錄
 String savePath = this.getServletContext().getRealPath("/WEB-INF/upload");
 
 try{
 DiskFileItemFactory factory = new DiskFileItemFactory();
 factory.setRepository(new File(this.getServletContext().getRealPath("/WEB-INF/temp")));
 
 ServletFileUpload upload = new ServletFileUpload(factory);
 /*upload.setProgressListener(new ProgressListener(){
 public void update(long pBytesRead, long pContentLength, int arg2) {
  System.out.println("文件大小為：" + pContentLength + ",當(dāng)前已處理：" + pBytesRead);
 }
 });*/
 
 upload.setHeaderEncoding("UTF-8"); //解決上傳文件名的中文亂碼
 
 if(!upload.isMultipartContent(request)){
 //按照傳統(tǒng)方式獲取數(shù)據(jù)
 return;
 }
 
 
 /*upload.setFileSizeMax(1024);
 upload.setSizeMax(1024*10);*/
 List<FileItem> list = upload.parseRequest(request);
 for(FileItem item : list){
 
 if(item.isFormField()){
  //fileitem中封裝的是普通輸入項(xiàng)的數(shù)據(jù)
  String name = item.getFieldName();
  String value = item.getString("UTF-8");
  //value = new String(value.getBytes("iso8859-1"),"UTF-8");
  System.out.println(name + "=" + value);
 }else{
  //fileitem中封裝的是上傳文件
  String filename = item.getName(); //不同的瀏覽器提交的文件是不一樣 c:\a\b\1.txt 1.txt
  System.out.println(filename);
  if(filename==null || filename.trim().equals("")){
  continue;
  }
  filename = filename.substring(filename.lastIndexOf("\\")+1);
  
  InputStream in = item.getInputStream();
  String saveFilename = makeFileName(filename); //得到文件保存的名稱
  
  String realSavePath = makePath(saveFilename, savePath); //得到文件的保存目錄
  FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(realSavePath + "\\" + saveFilename);
  byte buffer[] = new byte[1024];
  int len = 0;
  while((len=in.read(buffer))>0){
  out.write(buffer, 0, len);
  }
  
  in.close();
  out.close();
  item.delete(); //刪除臨時(shí)文件
  
 }
 
 }
 
 }catch (FileUploadBase.FileSizeLimitExceededException e) {
 e.printStackTrace();
 request.setAttribute("message", "文件超出最大值！??！");
 request.getRequestDispatcher("/message.jsp").forward(request, response);
 return;
 }
 catch (Exception e) {
 e.printStackTrace();
 }
 }
 
 public String makeFileName(String filename){ //2.jpg
 return UUID.randomUUID().toString() + "_" + filename;
 }
 
 public String makePath(String filename,String savePath){
 
 int hashcode = filename.hashCode();
 int dir1 = hashcode&0xf; //0--15
 int dir2 = (hashcode&0xf0)>>4; //0-15
 
 String dir = savePath + "\\" + dir1 + "\\" + dir2; //upload\2\3 upload\3\5
 File file = new File(dir);
 if(!file.exists()){
 file.mkdirs();
 }
 return dir;
 }

 public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
 throws ServletException, IOException {

 doGet(request, response);
 }

}

3. 下載功能

//列出網(wǎng)站所有下載文件
public class ListFileServlet extends HttpServlet {

 public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
 throws ServletException, IOException {
 
 String filepath = this.getServletContext().getRealPath("/WEB-INF/upload");
 Map map = new HashMap();
 listfile(new File(filepath),map);
 
 request.setAttribute("map", map);
 request.getRequestDispatcher("/listfile.jsp").forward(request, response);
 }
 
 public void listfile(File file,Map map){

 if(!file.isFile()){
 File files[] = file.listFiles();
 for(File f : files){
 listfile(f,map);
 }
 }else{
 String realname = file.getName().substring(file.getName().indexOf("_")+1); //9349249849-88343-8344_阿_凡_達(dá).avi
 map.put(file.getName(), realname);
 }
 
 }
 
 

 public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
 throws ServletException, IOException {

 doGet(request, response);
 }

}

jsp顯示

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
 <head>
 <title>My JSP 'listfile.jsp' starting page</title>
 </head>
 
 <body>

 <c:forEach var="me" items="${map}">
  <c:url value="/servlet/DownLoadServlet" var="downurl">
  <c:param name="filename" value="${me.key}"></c:param>
  </c:url>
  ${me.value } <a href="${downurl}">下載</a> <br/>
 </c:forEach>
 
 </body>
</html>

下載處理servlet

public class DownLoadServlet extends HttpServlet {

 public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
 throws ServletException, IOException {

 
 
 String filename = request.getParameter("filename"); //23239283-92489-阿凡達(dá).avi
 filename = new String(filename.getBytes("iso8859-1"),"UTF-8");
 String path = makePath(filename,this.getServletContext().getRealPath("/WEB-INF/upload"));
 
 File file = new File(path + "\\" + filename);
 if(!file.exists()){
 request.setAttribute("message", "您要下載的資源已被刪除?。?);
 request.getRequestDispatcher("/message.jsp").forward(request, response);
 return;
 }
 
 String realname = filename.substring(filename.indexOf("_")+1);
 response.setHeader("content-disposition", "attachment;filename=" + URLEncoder.encode(realname, "UTF-8"));
 
 FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream(path + "\\" + filename);
 OutputStream out = response.getOutputStream();
 byte buffer[] = new byte[1024];
 int len = 0;
 while((len=in.read(buffer))>0){
 out.write(buffer, 0, len);
 }
 in.close();
 out.close();
 }
 
 
 public String makePath(String filename,String savePath){
 
 int hashcode = filename.hashCode();
 int dir1 = hashcode&0xf; //0--15
 int dir2 = (hashcode&0xf0)>>4; //0-15
 
 String dir = savePath + "\\" + dir1 + "\\" + dir2; //upload\2\3 upload\3\5
 File file = new File(dir);
 if(!file.exists()){
 file.mkdirs();
 }
 return dir;
 }


 public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
 throws ServletException, IOException {

 doGet(request, response);
 }

}

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