Android中使用ViewStub實現(xiàn)布局優(yōu)化
在Android開發(fā)中,View是我們必須要接觸的用來展示的技術(shù).通常情況下隨著View視圖的越來越復(fù)雜,整體布局的性能也會隨之下降.這里介紹一個在某些場景下提升布局性能的View,它就是ViewStub.
ViewStub是什么
- ViewStub是View的子類
- 它不可見,大小為0
- 用來延遲加載布局資源
注,關(guān)于Stub的解釋
A stub is a small program routine that substitutes for a longer program, possibly to be loaded later or that is located remotely
在Java中,樁是指用來代替關(guān)聯(lián)代碼或者未實現(xiàn)代碼的代碼.
ViewStub使用場景
如上圖所示,
- 一個ListView包含了諸如 新聞,商業(yè),科技 等Item
- 每個Item又包含了各自對應(yīng)的子話題,
- 但是子話題的View(藍(lán)色區(qū)域)只有在點擊展開按鈕才真正需要加載.
- 如果默認(rèn)加載子話題的View,則會造成內(nèi)存的占用和CPU的消耗
所以,這時候就ViewStub就派上用處了.使用ViewStub可以延遲加載布局資源.
ViewStub 怎么用
在布局文件中使用ViewStub標(biāo)簽
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin" android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin" android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin" android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin" tools:context="com.droidyue.viewstubsample.MainActivity"> <Button android:id="@+id/clickMe" android:text="Hello World!" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content"/> <ViewStub android:id="@+id/myViewStub" android:inflatedId="@+id/myInflatedViewId" android:layout="@layout/include_merge" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_below="@id/clickMe" /> </RelativeLayout>
2.在代碼中inflate布局
ViewStub myViewStub = (ViewStub)findViewById(R.id.myViewStub); if (myViewStub != null) { myViewStub.inflate(); //或者是下面的形式加載 //myViewStub.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE); }
關(guān)于ViewStub的事
除了 inflate 方法外,我們還可以調(diào)用 setVisibility() 方法加載布局文件
一旦加載布局完成后,ViewStub會從當(dāng)前布局層級中刪除
android:id 指定ViewStub ID,用于查找ViewStub進(jìn)行延遲加載
android:layout 延遲加載布局的資源id
android:inflatedId 加載的布局被重寫的id,這里為RelativeLayout的id
ViewStub的不足
官方的文檔中有這樣一段描述
Note: One drawback of ViewStub is that it doesn't currently support the tag in the layouts to be inflated.
意思是ViewStub不支持 <merge> 標(biāo)簽.
關(guān)于不支持 <merge> 標(biāo)簽的程度,我們進(jìn)行一個簡單的驗證
驗證一:直接 標(biāo)簽
如下,我們有布局文件名為 merge_layout.xml
<merge xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"> <Button android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="Yes"/> <Button android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="No"/> </merge>
替換對應(yīng)的ViewStub的android:layout屬性值之后,運行后(點擊Button按鈕)得到產(chǎn)生了如下的崩潰
E AndroidRuntime: android.view.InflateException: Binary XML file line #1: <merge /> can be used only with a valid ViewGroup root and attachToRoot=true
E AndroidRuntime: at android.view.LayoutInflater.inflate(LayoutInflater.java:551)
E AndroidRuntime: at android.view.LayoutInflater.inflate(LayoutInflater.java:429)
E AndroidRuntime: at android.view.ViewStub.inflate(ViewStub.java:259)
E AndroidRuntime: at com.droidyue.viewstubsample.MainActivity$1.onClick(MainActivity.java:20)
E AndroidRuntime: at android.view.View.performClick(View.java:5697)
E AndroidRuntime: at android.widget.TextView.performClick(TextView.java:10815)
E AndroidRuntime: at android.view.View$PerformClick.run(View.java:22526)
E AndroidRuntime: at android.os.Handler.handleCallback(Handler.java:739)
E AndroidRuntime: at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:95)
E AndroidRuntime: at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:158)
E AndroidRuntime: at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:7237)
E AndroidRuntime: at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
E AndroidRuntime: at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:1230)
E AndroidRuntime: at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:1120)
E AndroidRuntime: Caused by: android.view.InflateException: <merge /> can be used only with a valid ViewGroup root and attachToRoot=true
E AndroidRuntime: at android.view.LayoutInflater.inflate(LayoutInflater.java:491)
E AndroidRuntime: ... 13 more
可見,直接的 <merge> 標(biāo)簽,ViewStub是不支持的.
驗證二 間接的ViewStub
下面布局間接使用了merge標(biāo)簽.文件名為 include_merge.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent"> <include layout="@layout/merge_layout"/> </LinearLayout>
然后修改ViewStub的 android:layout 值,運行,一切正常.
除此之外,本例也驗證了ViewStub也是對 <include> 標(biāo)簽支持良好的.
關(guān)于ViewStub的一點代碼剖析
inflate vs setVisibility
inflate和setVisibility的共同點是都可以實現(xiàn)加載布局
/** * When visibility is set to {@link #VISIBLE} or {@link #INVISIBLE}, * {@link #inflate()} is invoked and this StubbedView is replaced in its parent * by the inflated layout resource. * * @param visibility One of {@link #VISIBLE}, {@link #INVISIBLE}, or {@link #GONE}. * * @see #inflate() */ @Override public void setVisibility(int visibility) { if (mInflatedViewRef != null) { View view = mInflatedViewRef.get(); if (view != null) { view.setVisibility(visibility); } else { throw new IllegalStateException("setVisibility called on un-referenced view"); } } else { super.setVisibility(visibility); if (visibility == VISIBLE || visibility == INVISIBLE) { inflate(); } } }
setVisibility只是在ViewStub第一次延遲初始化時,并且visibility是非 GONE 時,調(diào)用了 inflate 方法.
inflate源碼
通過閱讀下面的inflate方法實現(xiàn),我們將更加理解
- android:inflatedId的用途
- ViewStub在初始化后從視圖層級中移除
- ViewStub的layoutParameters應(yīng)用
- mInflatedViewRef通過弱引用形式,建立ViewStub與加載的View的聯(lián)系.
/** * Inflates the layout resource identified by {@link #getLayoutResource()} * and replaces this StubbedView in its parent by the inflated layout resource. * * @return The inflated layout resource. * */ public View inflate() { final ViewParent viewParent = getParent(); if (viewParent != null && viewParent instanceof ViewGroup) { if (mLayoutResource != 0) { final ViewGroup parent = (ViewGroup) viewParent; final LayoutInflater factory = LayoutInflater.from(mContext); final View view = factory.inflate(mLayoutResource, parent, false); if (mInflatedId != NO_ID) { view.setId(mInflatedId); } final int index = parent.indexOfChild(this); parent.removeViewInLayout(this); final ViewGroup.LayoutParams layoutParams = getLayoutParams(); if (layoutParams != null) { parent.addView(view, index, layoutParams); } else { parent.addView(view, index); } mInflatedViewRef = new WeakReference<View>(view); if (mInflateListener != null) { mInflateListener.onInflate(this, view); } return view; } else { throw new IllegalArgumentException("ViewStub must have a valid layoutResource"); } } else { throw new IllegalStateException("ViewStub must have a non-null ViewGroup viewParent"); } }
關(guān)于ViewStub的研究就是這些,希望對大家關(guān)于優(yōu)化視圖有所幫助和啟發(fā).
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