<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
 <meta charset="UTF-8">
 <script src="http://cdn.static.runoob.com/libs/jquery/1.10.2/jquery.min.js">
</script>
 <style>
 .container
 {
  float:left;
  margin-left:30px;
 }
.container div
 {
  border:1px solid grey;
  margin:15px auto;
 }
.ancestor1-1,.ancestor2-1,.ancestor3-1,.ancestor4-1
{
  width:150px;
  height:150px;
} 
.ancestor1-2,.ancestor2-2,.ancestor3-2,.ancestor4-2
{
  width:120px;
  height:120px;
}
.ancestor1-3,.ancestor2-3,.ancestor3-3,.ancestor4-3
{
  width:90px;
  height:90px;
}
.now1,.now2,.now3,.now4
{
  width:60px;
  height:60px;
}
 </style>
 <script>
$(document).ready(function(){
$(".now1").parent().css("border-color","red");
$(".now2").parents().css("border-color","red");
$(".now3").parents(".ancestor3-2").css("border-color","red");
$(".now4").parentsUntil(".ancestor4-1").css("border-color","red");
}
);
 </script>
</head>
<body>
<div>
  <div class="container">
    <div class="ancestor1-1"><div class="ancestor1-2"><div class="ancestor1-3"><div class="now1">給定元素</div></div></div></div>
  </div>
  <div class="container">
    <div class="ancestor2-1"><div class="ancestor2-2"><div class="ancestor2-3"><div class="now2">給定元素</div></div></div></div>
  </div>
  <div class="container">
    <div class="ancestor3-1"><div class="ancestor3-2"><div class="ancestor3-3"><div class="now3">給定元素</div></div></div></div>
  </div>
  <div class="container">
    <div class="ancestor4-1"><div class="ancestor4-2"><div class="ancestor4-3"><div class="now4">給定元素</div></div></div></div>
  </div>
</div>
</body>
</html>

效果圖：