MVC項(xiàng)目結(jié)構(gòu)搭建及單個(gè)類的實(shí)現(xiàn)學(xué)習(xí)筆記1
新人剛開始學(xué)習(xí)ASP.NET MVC,若有不足之處希望能得到您的指點(diǎn),不勝感激!
先來一張項(xiàng)目的層級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)圖:
Model:模型層,主要是各種類型、枚舉以及ORM框架,框架完成數(shù)據(jù)庫和實(shí)體類的映射。項(xiàng)目中選用了微軟的開源ORM框架 EntityFramework 6.0 (以下簡(jiǎn)稱EF),數(shù)據(jù)庫則選擇了微軟的輕量級(jí)數(shù)據(jù)庫SQL Server Compact 4.0本地?cái)?shù)據(jù)庫(簡(jiǎn)稱Compact),Compact對(duì)EF支持比較完美,又屬于文檔型數(shù)據(jù)庫,部署起來比較簡(jiǎn)潔。
DAL:數(shù)據(jù)訪問層,主要是對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)庫的操作層,為業(yè)務(wù)邏輯層或表示層提供數(shù)據(jù)服務(wù)。
IDAL:數(shù)據(jù)訪問接口層,是數(shù)據(jù)訪問層的接口,降低耦合。
DALFactory:數(shù)據(jù)會(huì)話層,封裝了所有數(shù)據(jù)操作類實(shí)例的創(chuàng)建,將數(shù)據(jù)訪問層與業(yè)務(wù)邏輯層解耦。
BLL:業(yè)務(wù)邏輯層,主要負(fù)責(zé)對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)層的操作,把一些數(shù)據(jù)層的操作進(jìn)行組合以完成業(yè)務(wù)的需要。
IBLL:業(yè)務(wù)邏輯接口層,業(yè)務(wù)邏輯層的接口,降低耦合。
WebApp:表現(xiàn)層,是一個(gè)ASP.NET MVC項(xiàng)目,完成具體網(wǎng)站的實(shí)現(xiàn)。
Common:通用層,用來存放一些工具類。
下面是各個(gè)層級(jí)之間具體的實(shí)現(xiàn),首先創(chuàng)建以 項(xiàng)目名.層級(jí)名 命名的各個(gè)層次,除WebApp層為ASP.NET MVC項(xiàng)目外,其余均創(chuàng)建為類庫項(xiàng)目。
模型層的構(gòu)建
先建立模型層,新建ASP.NET 實(shí)體數(shù)據(jù)模型,關(guān)聯(lián)到已經(jīng)設(shè)計(jì)好的數(shù)據(jù)庫,EF自動(dòng)完成模型類的創(chuàng)建。
數(shù)據(jù)訪問層的構(gòu)建
DAL層中,我們首先需要一個(gè)方法來獲取單例的EF數(shù)據(jù)操縱上下文對(duì)象,以保證每個(gè)用戶訪問時(shí)只有使用一個(gè)上下文對(duì)象對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)庫進(jìn)行操作。
DbContextFactory.cs
using System.Data.Entity; using System.Runtime.Remoting.Messaging; using PMS.Model; namespace PMS.DAL { public class DbContextFactory { /// <summary> /// 負(fù)責(zé)創(chuàng)建EF數(shù)據(jù)操作上下文實(shí)例,必須保證線程內(nèi)唯一 /// </summary> public static DbContext CreateContext() { DbContext dbContext = (DbContext)CallContext.GetData("dbContext"); if (dbContext != null) return dbContext; dbContext = new PMSEntities(); CallContext.SetData("dbContext", dbContext); return dbContext; } } }
為User類創(chuàng)建DAL層,實(shí)現(xiàn)查詢、分頁查詢、增加、刪除和修改這五個(gè)基本的方法:
UserDAL.cs
using System; using System.Data.Entity; using System.Linq; using PMS.IDAL; namespace PMS.DAL { public partial class UserDal { public DbContext DbEntities = DbContextFactory.CreateContext(); /// <summary> /// 查詢過濾 /// </summary> /// <param name="whereLamada">過濾條件Lambda表達(dá)式</param> /// <returns>實(shí)體集合</returns> public IQueryable<UserDal> LoadEntities(System.Linq.Expressions.Expression<Func<UserDal, bool>> whereLamada) { return DbEntities.Set<UserDal>().Where(whereLamada); } /// <summary> /// 分頁查詢 /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="TS">排序類型</typeparam> /// <param name="pageIndex">查詢的頁碼</param> /// <param name="pageSize">每頁顯示的數(shù)目</param> /// <param name="totalCount">符合條件的總行數(shù)</param> /// <param name="whereLambda">過濾條件Lambda表達(dá)式</param> /// <param name="orderbyLambda">排序Lambda表達(dá)式</param> /// <param name="isAsc">排序方向</param> /// <returns>實(shí)體集合</returns> public IQueryable<UserDal> LoadPageEntities<TS>(int pageIndex, int pageSize, out int totalCount, System.Linq.Expressions.Expression<Func<UserDal, bool>> whereLambda, System.Linq.Expressions.Expression<Func<UserDal, TS>> orderbyLambda, bool isAsc) { var temp = DbEntities.Set<UserDal>().Where(whereLambda); totalCount = temp.Count(); temp = isAsc ? temp.OrderBy(orderbyLambda).Skip((pageIndex - 1) * pageSize).Take(pageSize) : temp.OrderByDescending(orderbyLambda).Skip((pageIndex - 1) * pageSize).Take(pageSize); return temp; } /// <summary> /// 刪除數(shù)據(jù) /// </summary> /// <param name="entity">待刪數(shù)據(jù)</param> /// <returns>刪除結(jié)果</returns> public bool DeleteEntity(UserDal entity) { DbEntities.Entry(entity).State = EntityState.Deleted; return true; } /// <summary> /// 編輯數(shù)據(jù) /// </summary> /// <param name="entity">待編輯數(shù)據(jù)</param> /// <returns>編輯結(jié)果</returns> public bool EditEntity(UserDal entity) { DbEntities.Entry(entity).State = EntityState.Modified; return true; } /// <summary> /// 添加數(shù)據(jù) /// </summary> /// <param name="entity">待添加數(shù)據(jù)</param> /// <returns>已添加數(shù)據(jù)</returns> public UserDal AddEntity(UserDal entity) { entity = DbEntities.Set<UserDal>().Add(entity); return entity; } } }
注:這里的增刪改操作并不即時(shí)進(jìn)行,而是在封裝在數(shù)據(jù)會(huì)話層中,以實(shí)現(xiàn)工作單元模式,提高數(shù)據(jù)庫的操作效率。
考慮到每個(gè)類都需要實(shí)現(xiàn)相同的數(shù)據(jù)操作,我們可以將以上方法封裝到一個(gè)泛型基類中,各類型只需要繼承泛型基類就可以實(shí)現(xiàn)以上方法:
BaseDal.cs
using System; using System.Data.Entity; using System.Linq; namespace PMS.DAL { public class BaseDal<T> where T:class ,new() { public DbContext DbEntities = DbContextFactory.CreateContext(); /// <summary> /// 查詢過濾 /// </summary> /// <param name="whereLamada">過濾條件Lambda表達(dá)式</param> /// <returns>實(shí)體集合</returns> public IQueryable<T> LoadEntities(System.Linq.Expressions.Expression<Func<T, bool>> whereLamada) { return DbEntities.Set<T>().Where(whereLamada); } /// <summary> /// 分頁查詢 /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="TS">排序類型</typeparam> /// <param name="pageIndex">查詢的頁碼</param> /// <param name="pageSize">每頁顯示的數(shù)目</param> /// <param name="totalCount">符合條件的總行數(shù)</param> /// <param name="whereLambda">過濾條件Lambda表達(dá)式</param> /// <param name="orderbyLambda">排序Lambda表達(dá)式</param> /// <param name="isAsc">排序方向</param> /// <returns>實(shí)體集合</returns> public IQueryable<T> LoadPageEntities<TS>(int pageIndex, int pageSize, out int totalCount, System.Linq.Expressions.Expression<Func<T, bool>> whereLambda, System.Linq.Expressions.Expression<Func<T, TS>> orderbyLambda, bool isAsc) { var temp = DbEntities.Set<T>().Where(whereLambda); totalCount = temp.Count(); temp = isAsc ? temp.OrderBy(orderbyLambda).Skip((pageIndex - 1) * pageSize).Take(pageSize) : temp.OrderByDescending(orderbyLambda).Skip((pageIndex - 1) * pageSize).Take(pageSize); return temp; } /// <summary> /// 刪除數(shù)據(jù) /// </summary> /// <param name="entity">待刪數(shù)據(jù)</param> /// <returns>刪除結(jié)果</returns> public bool DeleteEntity(T entity) { DbEntities.Entry(entity).State = EntityState.Deleted; return true; } /// <summary> /// 編輯數(shù)據(jù) /// </summary> /// <param name="entity">待編輯數(shù)據(jù)</param> /// <returns>編輯結(jié)果</returns> public bool EditEntity(T entity) { DbEntities.Entry(entity).State = EntityState.Modified; return true; } /// <summary> /// 添加數(shù)據(jù) /// </summary> /// <param name="entity">待添加數(shù)據(jù)</param> /// <returns>已添加數(shù)據(jù)</returns> public T AddEntity(T entity) { entity = DbEntities.Set<T>().Add(entity); //DbEntities.SaveChanges(); return entity; } } }
UserDal繼承BaseDal
using PMS.IDAL; using PMS.Model; namespace PMS.DAL { public partial class UserDal : BaseDal<User> { } }
數(shù)據(jù)訪問接口層的構(gòu)建
然后我們建立相應(yīng)的IbaseDal接口和IUserDal接口,并且使UserDal類實(shí)現(xiàn)IUserDal接口
IBaseDal:
using System; using System.Linq; namespace PMS.IDAL { public interface IBaseDal<T> where T:class,new() { IQueryable<T> LoadEntities(System.Linq.Expressions.Expression<Func<T, bool>> whereLamada); IQueryable<T> LoadPageEntities<s>(int pageIndex, int pageSize, out int totalCount, System.Linq.Expressions.Expression<Func<T, bool>> whereLambda, System.Linq.Expressions.Expression<Func<T, s>> orderbyLambda, bool isAsc); bool DeleteEntity(T entity); bool EditEntity(T entity); T AddEntity(T entity); } }
IUserDal:
using PMS.Model; namespace PMS.IDAL { public partial interface IUserDal:IBaseDal<User> { } }
UserDal實(shí)現(xiàn)IUserDal接口:
public partial class UserDal : BaseDal<User>,IUserDal
數(shù)據(jù)會(huì)話層的構(gòu)建
抽象工廠類AbstractFactory:
using System.Configuration; using System.Reflection; using PMS.IDAL; namespace PMS.DALFactory { public partial class AbstractFactory { //讀取保存在配置文件中的程序集名稱與命名空間名 private static readonly string AssemblyPath = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["AssemblyPath"]; private static readonly string NameSpace = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["NameSpace"]; /// <summary> /// 獲取UserDal的實(shí)例 /// </summary> /// <returns></returns> public static IUserDal CreateUserInfoDal() { var fullClassName = NameSpace + ".UserInfoDal"; return CreateInstance(fullClassName) as IUserDal; } /// <summary> /// 通過反射獲得程序集中某類型的實(shí)例 /// </summary> /// <param name="className"></param> /// <returns></returns> private static object CreateInstance(string className) { var assembly = Assembly.Load(AssemblyPath); return assembly.CreateInstance(className); } } }
數(shù)據(jù)會(huì)話類DbSession:
using System.Data.Entity; using PMS.IDAL; using PMS.DAL; namespace PMS.DALFactory { public partial class DbSession:IDbSession { public DbContext Db { get { return DbContextFactory.CreateContext(); } } private IUserDal _userDal; public IUserDal UserDal { get { return _userDal ?? (_userDal = AbstractFactory.CreateUserInfoDal()); } set { _userDal = value; } } /// <summary> /// 工作單元模式,統(tǒng)一保存數(shù)據(jù) /// </summary> /// <returns></returns> public bool SaveChanges() { return Db.SaveChanges() > 0; } } }
業(yè)務(wù)邏輯層的構(gòu)建
業(yè)務(wù)類基類BaseService
using System; using System.Linq; using System.Linq.Expressions; using PMS.DALFactory; using PMS.IDAL; namespace PMS.BLL { public abstract class BaseService<T> where T:class,new() { public IDbSession CurrentDbSession { get { return new DbSession(); } } public IBaseDal<T> CurrentDal { get; set; } public abstract void SetCurrentDal(); public BaseService() { SetCurrentDal();//子類一定要實(shí)現(xiàn)抽象方法,以指明當(dāng)前類的子類類型。 } /// <summary> /// 查詢過濾 /// </summary> /// <param name="whereLambda"></param> /// <returns></returns> public IQueryable<T> LoadEntities(Expression<Func<T, bool>> whereLambda) { return CurrentDal.LoadEntities(whereLambda); } /// <summary> /// 分頁 /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="s"></typeparam> /// <param name="pageIndex"></param> /// <param name="pageSize"></param> /// <param name="totalCount"></param> /// <param name="whereLambda"></param> /// <param name="orderbyLambda"></param> /// <param name="isAsc"></param> /// <returns></returns> public IQueryable<T> LoadPageEntities<s>(int pageIndex, int pageSize, out int totalCount, Expression<Func<T, bool>> whereLambda, Expression<Func<T, s>> orderbyLambda, bool isAsc) { return CurrentDal.LoadPageEntities<s>(pageIndex, pageSize, out totalCount, whereLambda, orderbyLambda, isAsc); } /// <summary> /// 刪除 /// </summary> /// <param name="entity"></param> /// <returns></returns> public bool DeleteEntity(T entity) { CurrentDal.DeleteEntity(entity); return CurrentDbSession.SaveChanges(); } /// <summary> /// 編輯 /// </summary> /// <param name="entity"></param> /// <returns></returns> public bool EditEntity(T entity) { CurrentDal.EditEntity(entity); return CurrentDbSession.SaveChanges(); } /// <summary> /// 添加數(shù)據(jù) /// </summary> /// <param name="entity"></param> /// <returns></returns> public T AddEntity(T entity) { CurrentDal.AddEntity(entity); CurrentDbSession.SaveChanges(); return entity; } } }
UserService類:
using PMS.IBLL; using PMS.Model; namespace PMS.BLL { public partial class UserService : BaseService<User> { public override void SetCurrentDal() { CurrentDal = CurrentDbSession.UserDal; } } }
業(yè)務(wù)邏輯接口層的構(gòu)建
直接建立對(duì)應(yīng)的接口并使用UserService類實(shí)現(xiàn)IUserService接口
IBaseService接口:
using System; using System.Linq; using System.Linq.Expressions; using PMS.IDAL; namespace PMS.IBLL { public interface IBaseService<T> where T : class,new() { IDbSession CurrentDbSession { get; } IBaseDal<T> CurrentDal { get; set; } void SetCurrentDal(); IQueryable<T> LoadEntities(Expression<Func<T, bool>> whereLambda); IQueryable<T> LoadPageEntities<s>(int pageIndex, int pageSize, out int totalCount, Expression<Func<T, bool>> whereLambda, Expression<Func<T, s>> orderbyLambda, bool isAsc); bool DeleteEntity(T entity); bool EditEntity(T entity); T AddEntity(T entity); } }
IUserService接口:
using PMS.Model; namespace PMS.IBLL { public partial interface IUserService:IBaseService<User> { } }
使用UserService類實(shí)現(xiàn)IUserService接口:
public partial class UserService : BaseService<User>, IUserService
以上我們就完成了整個(gè)框架中關(guān)于User類的各層次的實(shí)現(xiàn)。
以上就是本文的全部?jī)?nèi)容,希望對(duì)大家的學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助,也希望大家多多支持腳本之家。
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