本文實(shí)例講述了Android權(quán)限操作之uses-permission。分享給大家供大家參考，具體如下：

我們?cè)诎惭bAndroid軟件的時(shí)候，系統(tǒng)會(huì)提示該軟件所需要的權(quán)限，相對(duì)于其他系統(tǒng)，android的權(quán)限非常多。我們?cè)陂_(kāi)發(fā)軟件的時(shí)候，也需要聲明相應(yīng)的權(quán)限，比如希望軟件能發(fā)短信，需要聲明軟件調(diào)用短信的權(quán)限，否則軟件運(yùn)行的時(shí)候就會(huì)報(bào)錯(cuò)。

Android的權(quán)限在AndroidManifest.xml文件里配置。AndroidManifest文件中有四個(gè)標(biāo)簽與permission有關(guān)，它們分別是 <permission>、 <permission-group> 、<permission-tree> 和 <uses-permission>。其中最常用的是 <uses-permission>，當(dāng)我們需要獲取某個(gè)權(quán)限的時(shí)候就必須在我們的manifest文件中聲明<uses-permission>。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest>
  <application>
  </application>
  <uses-permission />
  <permission />
  <permission-tree />
  <permission-group />
  ...
</manifest>

<permission>和 <uses-permission>的作用相似，兩者之間的不同之處，<uses-permission>是android預(yù)定義的權(quán)限，<permission>是自己定義的權(quán)限。 <permission>用的相對(duì)較少，<permission-group>   <permission-tree>這兩個(gè)標(biāo)簽就更少見(jiàn)了，簡(jiǎn)單說(shuō)<permission-group> 就是聲明一個(gè)標(biāo)簽，該標(biāo)簽代表了一組permissions，而<permission-tree>是為一組permissions聲明了一個(gè)namespace。后面三個(gè)標(biāo)簽具體使用方法后續(xù)文章會(huì)有介紹。

<permission>定義方法如下：

<permission android:description="string resource"
      android:icon="drawable resource"
      android:label="string resource"
      android:name="string"
      android:permissionGroup="string"
      android:protectionLevel=["normal" | "dangerous" |
                   "signature" | "signatureOrSystem"] />

上面代碼來(lái)自官方文檔：http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/manifest/permission-element.html。propectionLevel這個(gè)屬性是必須聲明，告訴系統(tǒng)通知用戶(hù)的應(yīng)用要求許可,或允許誰(shuí)認(rèn)為獲得許可的情況下。permissionGroup這個(gè)是可選的，與<permission-group>配合使用。label, name和icon用于描述權(quán)限。 <permission>的用法后面也會(huì)再詳細(xì)分析。

<uses-permission>是我們用的最多的，官方文檔定義方式如下：

<uses-permission android:name="string" />

例如，短信和電話權(quán)限的定義：

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CALL_PHONE" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.SEND_SMS"/>

下面是收集到的 <uses-permission>的資料，方便用的時(shí)候查找：

android.permission.ACCESS_CHECKIN_PROPERTIES
允許讀寫(xiě)訪問(wèn)”properties”表在checkin數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中，改值可以修改上傳( Allowsread/write access to the “properties” table in the checkin database, to changevalues that get uploaded)

android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION
允許一個(gè)程序訪問(wèn)CellID或WiFi熱點(diǎn)來(lái)獲取粗略的位置(Allowsan application to access coarse (e.g., Cell-ID, WiFi) location)

android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION
允許一個(gè)程序訪問(wèn)精良位置(如GPS) (Allows an application to accessfine (e.g., GPS) location)

android.permission.ACCESS_LOCATION_EXTRA_COMMANDS
允許應(yīng)用程序訪問(wèn)額外的位置提供命令(Allowsan application to access extra location provider commands)

android.permission.ACCESS_MOCK_LOCATION
允許程序創(chuàng)建模擬位置提供用于測(cè)試(Allowsan application to create mock location providers for testing)

android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE
允許程序訪問(wèn)有關(guān)GSM網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息(Allows applications to accessinformation about networks)

android.permission.ACCESS_SURFACE_FLINGER
允許程序使用SurfaceFlinger底層特性(Allows an application to useSurfaceFlinger's low level features)

android.permission.ACCESS_WIFI_STATE
允許程序訪問(wèn)Wi-Fi網(wǎng)絡(luò)狀態(tài)信息(Allows applications to accessinformation about Wi-Fi networks)

android.permission.ADD_SYSTEM_SERVICE
允許程序發(fā)布系統(tǒng)級(jí)服務(wù)(Allowsan application to publish system-level services).

android.permission.BATTERY_STATS
允許程序更新手機(jī)電池統(tǒng)計(jì)信息(Allowsan application to update the collected battery statistics)

android.permission.BLUETOOTH
允許程序連接到已配對(duì)的藍(lán)牙設(shè)備(Allowsapplications to connect to paired bluetooth devices)

android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN
允許程序發(fā)現(xiàn)和配對(duì)藍(lán)牙設(shè)備(Allowsapplications to discover and pair bluetooth devices)

android.permission.BRICK
請(qǐng)求能夠禁用設(shè)備(非常危險(xiǎn))(Required to be able to disable thedevice (very *erous!).)

android.permission.BROADCAST_PACKAGE_REMOVED
允許程序廣播一個(gè)提示消息在一個(gè)應(yīng)用程序包已經(jīng)移除后(Allowsan application to broadcast a notification that an application
package has been removed)

android.permission.BROADCAST_STICKY
允許一個(gè)程序廣播常用intents(Allowsan application to broadcast sticky intents)

android.permission.CALL_PHONE
允許一個(gè)程序初始化一個(gè)電話撥號(hào)不需通過(guò)撥號(hào)用戶(hù)界面需要用戶(hù)確認(rèn)(Allowsan application to initiate a phone call without going through the Dialer userinterface for the user to confirm the call being placed.)

android.permission.CALL_PRIVILEGED
允許一個(gè)程序撥打任何號(hào)碼，包含緊急號(hào)碼無(wú)需通過(guò)撥號(hào)用戶(hù)界面需要用戶(hù)確認(rèn)(Allowsan application to call any phone number, including emergency numbers, withoutgoing through the Dialer user interface for the user to confirm the call beingplaced)

android.permission.CAMERA
請(qǐng)求訪問(wèn)使用照相設(shè)備(Requiredto be able to access the camera device. )

android.permission.CHANGE_COMPONENT_ENABLED_STATE
允許一個(gè)程序是否改變一個(gè)組件或其他的啟用或禁用(Allowsan application to change whether an application component (other than its own)is enabled or not. )

android.permission.CHANGE_CONFIGURATION
允許一個(gè)程序修改當(dāng)前設(shè)置，如本地化(Allowsan application to modify the current configuration, such as locale. )

android.permission.CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE
允許程序改變網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接狀態(tài)(Allowsapplications to change network connectivity state)

android.permission.CHANGE_WIFI_STATE
允許程序改變Wi-Fi連接狀態(tài)(Allows applications to change Wi-Ficonnectivity state)

android.permission.CLEAR_APP_CACHE
允許一個(gè)程序清楚緩存從所有安裝的程序在設(shè)備中(Allowsan application to clear the caches of all installed applications on the device.)

android.permission.CLEAR_APP_USER_DATA
允許一個(gè)程序清除用戶(hù)設(shè)置(Allowsan application to clear user data)

android.permission.CONTROL_LOCATION_UPDATES
允許啟用禁止位置更新提示從無(wú)線模塊(Allowsenabling/disabling location update notifications from the radio. )

android.permission.DELETE_CACHE_FILES
允許程序刪除緩存文件(Allowsan application to delete cache files)

android.permission.DELETE_PACKAGES
允許一個(gè)程序刪除包(Allowsan application to delete packages)

android.permission.DEVICE_POWER
允許訪問(wèn)底層電源管理(Allowslow-level access to power management)

android.permission.DIAGNOSTIC
允許程序RW診斷資源(Allows applications to RW to diagnosticresources. )

android.permission.DISABLE_KEYGUARD
允許程序禁用鍵盤(pán)鎖(Allowsapplications to disable the keyguard )

android.permission.DUMP
允許程序返回狀態(tài)抓取信息從系統(tǒng)服務(wù)(Allowsan application to retrieve state dump information from system services.)

android.permission.EXPAND_STATUS_BAR
允許一個(gè)程序擴(kuò)展收縮在狀態(tài)欄,android開(kāi)發(fā)網(wǎng)提示應(yīng)該是一個(gè)類(lèi)似Windows Mobile中的托盤(pán)程序(Allows an application to expand orcollapse the status bar. )

android.permission.FACTORY_TEST
作為一個(gè)工廠測(cè)試程序，運(yùn)行在root用戶(hù)(Run as a manufacturer test application,running as the root user. )

android.permission.FLASHLIGHT
訪問(wèn)閃光燈,android開(kāi)發(fā)網(wǎng)提示HTC Dream不包含閃光燈(Allowsaccess to the flashlight )

android.permission.FORCE_BACK
允許程序強(qiáng)行一個(gè)后退操作是否在頂層activities(Allowsan application to force a BACK operation on whatever is the top activity. )

android.permission.FOTA_UPDATE
暫時(shí)不了解這是做什么使用的，android開(kāi)發(fā)網(wǎng)分析可能是一個(gè)預(yù)留權(quán)限.

android.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS
訪問(wèn)一個(gè)帳戶(hù)列表在AccountsService中(Allows access to thelist of accounts in the Accounts Service)

android.permission.GET_PACKAGE_SIZE
允許一個(gè)程序獲取任何package占用空間容量(Allows an application to find out thespace used by any package. )

android.permission.GET_TASKS
允許一個(gè)程序獲取信息有關(guān)當(dāng)前或最近運(yùn)行的任務(wù)，一個(gè)縮略的任務(wù)狀態(tài)，是否活動(dòng)等等(Allowsan application to get information about the currently or recently runningtasks: a thumbnail representation of the tasks, what activities are running init, etc.)

android.permission.HARDWARE_TEST
允許訪問(wèn)硬件(Allowsaccess to hardware peripherals. )

android.permission.INJECT_EVENTS
允許一個(gè)程序截獲用戶(hù)事件如按鍵、觸摸、軌跡球等等到一個(gè)時(shí)間流，android開(kāi)發(fā)網(wǎng)提醒算是hook技術(shù)吧(Allowsan application to inject user events (keys, touch, trackball) into the eventstream and deliver them to ANY window.)

android.permission.INSTALL_PACKAGES
允許一個(gè)程序安裝packages(Allowsan application to install packages. )

android.permission.INTERNAL_SYSTEM_WINDOW
允許打開(kāi)窗口使用系統(tǒng)用戶(hù)界面(Allowsan application to open windows that are for use by parts of the system userinterface. )

android.permission.INTERNET
允許程序打開(kāi)網(wǎng)絡(luò)套接字(Allowsapplications to open network sockets)

android.permission.MANAGE_APP_TOKENS
允許程序管理(創(chuàng)建、催后、 z- order默認(rèn)向z軸推移)程序引用在窗口管理器中(Allowsan application to manage (create, destroy, Z-order) application tokens in thewindow manager. )

android.permission.MASTER_CLEAR
目前還沒(méi)有明確的解釋?zhuān)琣ndroid開(kāi)發(fā)網(wǎng)分析可能是清除一切數(shù)據(jù)，類(lèi)似硬格機(jī)

android.permission.MODIFY_AUDIO_SETTINGS
允許程序修改全局音頻設(shè)置(Allowsan application to modify global audio settings)

android.permission.MODIFY_PHONE_STATE
允許修改話機(jī)狀態(tài)，如電源，人機(jī)接口等(Allowsmodification of the telephony state – power on, mmi, etc. )

android.permission.MOUNT_UNMOUNT_FILESYSTEMS
允許掛載和反掛載文件系統(tǒng)可移動(dòng)存儲(chǔ)(Allowsmounting and unmounting file systems for removable storage. )

android.permission.PERSISTENT_ACTIVITY
允許一個(gè)程序設(shè)置他的activities顯示(Allow an application to make itsactivities persistent. )

android.permission.PROCESS_OUTGOING_CALLS
允許程序監(jiān)視、修改有關(guān)播出電話(Allowsan application to monitor, modify, or abort outgoing calls)

android.permission.READ_CALENDAR
允許程序讀取用戶(hù)日歷數(shù)據(jù)(Allowsan application to read the user's calendar data.)

android.permission.READ_CONTACTS
允許程序讀取用戶(hù)聯(lián)系人數(shù)據(jù)(Allowsan application to read the user's contacts data.)

android.permission.READ_FRAME_BUFFER
允許程序屏幕波或和更多常規(guī)的訪問(wèn)幀緩沖數(shù)據(jù)(Allowsan application to take screen shots and more generally get access to the framebuffer data)

android.permission.READ_INPUT_STATE
允許程序返回當(dāng)前按鍵狀態(tài)(Allowsan application to retrieve the current state of keys and switches. )

android.permission.READ_LOGS
允許程序讀取底層系統(tǒng)日志文件(Allowsan application to read the low-level system log files. )

android.permission.READ_OWNER_DATA
允許程序讀取所有者數(shù)據(jù)(Allowsan application to read the owner's data)

android.permission.READ_SMS
允許程序讀取短信息(Allowsan application to read SMS messages.)

android.permission.READ_SYNC_SETTINGS
允許程序讀取同步設(shè)置(Allowsapplications to read the sync settings)

android.permission.READ_SYNC_STATS
允許程序讀取同步狀態(tài)(Allowsapplications to read the sync stats)

android.permission.REBOOT
請(qǐng)求能夠重新啟動(dòng)設(shè)備(Requiredto be able to reboot the device. )

android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED
允許一個(gè)程序接收到ACTION_BOOT_COMPLETED廣播在系統(tǒng)完成啟動(dòng)(Allowsan application to receive the ACTION_BOOT_COMPLETED that is broadcast after thesystem finishes booting. )

android.permission.RECEIVE_MMS
允許一個(gè)程序監(jiān)控將收到MMS彩信,記錄或處理(Allowsan application to monitor incoming MMS messages, to record or performprocessing on them. )

android.permission.RECEIVE_SMS
允許程序監(jiān)控一個(gè)將收到短信息，記錄或處理(Allowsan application to monitor incoming SMS messages, to record or performprocessing on them.)

android.permission.RECEIVE_WAP_PUSH
允許程序監(jiān)控將收到WAPPUSH信息(Allows an applicationto monitor incoming WAP push messages. )

android.permission.RECORD_AUDIO
允許程序錄制音頻(Allowsan application to record audio)

android.permission.REORDER_TASKS
允許程序改變Z軸排列任務(wù)(Allows an application to change theZ-order of tasks)

android.permission.RESTART_PACKAGES
允許程序重新啟動(dòng)其他程序(Allowsan application to restart other applications)

android.permission.SEND_SMS
允許程序發(fā)送SMS短信(Allows an application to send SMSmessages)

android.permission.SET_ACTIVITY_WATCHER
允許程序監(jiān)控或控制activities已經(jīng)啟動(dòng)全局系統(tǒng)中(Allows an application to watch andcontrol how activities are started globally in the system.)

android.permission.SET_ALWAYS_FINISH
允許程序控制是否活動(dòng)間接完成在處于后臺(tái)時(shí)(Allowsan application to control whether activities are immediately finished when putin the background.)

android.permission.SET_ANIMATION_SCALE
修改全局信息比例(Modifythe global animation scaling factor.)

android.permission.SET_DEBUG_APP
配置一個(gè)程序用于調(diào)試(Configurean application for debugging.)

android.permission.SET_ORIENTATION
允許底層訪問(wèn)設(shè)置屏幕方向和實(shí)際旋轉(zhuǎn)(Allowslow-level access to setting the orientation (actually rotation) of the screen.)

android.permission.SET_PREFERRED_APPLICATIONS
允許一個(gè)程序修改列表參數(shù)PackageManager.addPackageToPreferred()和PackageManager.removePackageFromPreferred()方法(Allowsan application to modify the list of preferred applications with thePackageManager.addPackageToPreferred() andPackageManager.removePackageFromPreferred() methods.)

android.permission.SET_PROCESS_FOREGROUND
允許程序當(dāng)前運(yùn)行程序強(qiáng)行到前臺(tái)(Allowsan application to force any currently running process to be in the foreground.)

android.permission.SET_PROCESS_LIMIT
允許設(shè)置最大的運(yùn)行進(jìn)程數(shù)量(Allowsan application to set the maximum number of (not needed) application processesthat can be running. )

android.permission.SET_TIME_ZONE
允許程序設(shè)置時(shí)間區(qū)域(Allowsapplications to set the system time zone)

android.permission.SET_WALLPAPER
允許程序設(shè)置壁紙(Allowsapplications to set the wallpaper )

android.permission.SET_WALLPAPER_HINTS
允許程序設(shè)置壁紙hits(Allowsapplications to set the wallpaper hints)

android.permission.SIGNAL_PERSISTENT_PROCESSES
允許程序請(qǐng)求發(fā)送信號(hào)到所有顯示的進(jìn)程中(Allowan application to request that a signal be sent to all persistent processes)

android.permission.STATUS_BAR
允許程序打開(kāi)、關(guān)閉或禁用狀態(tài)欄及圖標(biāo)Allowsan application to open, close, or disable the status bar and its icons.

android.permission.SUBSCRIBED_FEEDS_READ
允許一個(gè)程序訪問(wèn)訂閱RSSFeed內(nèi)容提供(Allows an applicationto allow access the subscribed feeds ContentProvider. )

android.permission.SUBSCRIBED_FEEDS_WRITE
系統(tǒng)暫時(shí)保留改設(shè)置,android開(kāi)發(fā)網(wǎng)認(rèn)為未來(lái)版本會(huì)加入該功能。

android.permission.SYSTEM_ALERT_WINDOW
允許一個(gè)程序打開(kāi)窗口使用TYPE_SYSTEM_ALERT，顯示在其他所有程序的頂層(Allowsan application to open windows using the type TYPE_SYSTEM_ALERT, shown on topof all other applications. )

android.permission.VIBRATE
允許訪問(wèn)振動(dòng)設(shè)備(Allowsaccess to the vibrator)

android.permission.WAKE_LOCK
允許使用PowerManager的 WakeLocks保持進(jìn)程在休眠時(shí)從屏幕消失(Allows using PowerManager WakeLocks to keep
processor from sleeping or screen fromdimming)

android.permission.WRITE_APN_SETTINGS
允許程序?qū)懭階PI設(shè)置(Allows applications to write the apnsettings)

android.permission.WRITE_CALENDAR
允許一個(gè)程序?qū)懭氲蛔x取用戶(hù)日歷數(shù)據(jù)(Allowsan application to write (but not read) the user's calendar data. )

android.permission.WRITE_CONTACTS
允許程序?qū)懭氲蛔x取用戶(hù)聯(lián)系人數(shù)據(jù)(Allowsan application to write (but not read) the user's contacts data. )

android.permission.WRITE_GSERVICES
允許程序修改Google服務(wù)地圖(Allows an application to modify theGoogle service map. )

android.permission.WRITE_OWNER_DATA
允許一個(gè)程序?qū)懭氲蛔x取所有者數(shù)據(jù)(Allowsan application to write (but not read) the owner's data.)

android.permission.WRITE_SETTINGS
允許程序讀取或?qū)懭胂到y(tǒng)設(shè)置(Allowsan application to read or write the system settings. )

android.permission.WRITE_SMS
允許程序?qū)懚绦?Allowsan application to write SMS messages)

android.permission.WRITE_SYNC_SETTINGS
允許程序?qū)懭胪皆O(shè)置(Allowsapplications to write the sync settings)

PS：關(guān)于AndroidManifest.xml文件相關(guān)屬性功能可參考本站在線工具：

Android Manifest功能與權(quán)限描述大全：
http://tools.jb51.net/table/AndroidManifest

更多關(guān)于Android相關(guān)內(nèi)容感興趣的讀者可查看本站專(zhuān)題：《Android開(kāi)發(fā)入門(mén)與進(jìn)階教程》、《Android調(diào)試技巧與常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題解決方法匯總》、《Android多媒體操作技巧匯總(音頻,視頻,錄音等)》、《Android基本組件用法總結(jié)》、《Android視圖View技巧總結(jié)》、《Android布局layout技巧總結(jié)》及《Android控件用法總結(jié)》

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