Mysql數(shù)據(jù)庫中子查詢的使用
廢話不多說了,直接個(gè)大家貼mysql數(shù)據(jù)庫總子查詢的使用。
代碼如下所述:
</pre><pre name="code" class="sql">1.子查詢是指在另一個(gè)查詢語句中的SELECT子句。 例句: SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE column1 = (SELECT column1 FROM t2); 其中,SELECT * FROM t1 ...稱為Outer Query[外查詢](或者Outer Statement), SELECT column1 FROM t2 稱為Sub Query[子查詢]。 所以,我們說子查詢是嵌套在外查詢內(nèi)部。而事實(shí)上它有可能在子查詢內(nèi)部再嵌套子查詢。 子查詢必須出現(xiàn)在圓括號(hào)之間。 行級(jí)子查詢 SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE (col1,col2) = (SELECT col3, col4 FROM t2 WHERE id = 10); SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE ROW(col1,col2) = (SELECT col3, col4 FROM t2 WHERE id = 10); 行級(jí)子查詢的返回結(jié)果最多為一行。 優(yōu)化子查詢 -- 創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)表 CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS tdb_goods( goods_id SMALLINT UNSIGNED PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT, goods_name VARCHAR(150) NOT NULL, goods_cate VARCHAR(40) NOT NULL, brand_name VARCHAR(40) NOT NULL, goods_price DECIMAL(15,3) UNSIGNED NOT NULL DEFAULT 0, is_show BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT 1, is_saleoff BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT 0 ); -- 寫入記錄 INSERT tdb_goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('R510VC 15.6英寸筆記本','筆記本','華碩','3399',DEFAULT,DEFAULT); INSERT tdb_goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('Y400N 14.0英寸筆記本電腦','筆記本','聯(lián)想','4899',DEFAULT,DEFAULT); INSERT tdb_goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('G150TH 15.6英寸游戲本','游戲本','雷神','8499',DEFAULT,DEFAULT); INSERT tdb_goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('X550CC 15.6英寸筆記本','筆記本','華碩','2799',DEFAULT,DEFAULT); INSERT tdb_goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('X240(20ALA0EYCD) 12.5英寸超極本','超級(jí)本','聯(lián)想','4999',DEFAULT,DEFAULT); INSERT tdb_goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('U330P 13.3英寸超極本','超級(jí)本','聯(lián)想','4299',DEFAULT,DEFAULT); INSERT tdb_goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('SVP13226SCB 13.3英寸觸控超極本','超級(jí)本','索尼','7999',DEFAULT,DEFAULT); INSERT tdb_goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('iPad mini MD531CH/A 7.9英寸平板電腦','平板電腦','蘋果','1998',DEFAULT,DEFAULT); INSERT tdb_goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('iPad Air MD788CH/A 9.7英寸平板電腦 (16G WiFi版)','平板電腦','蘋果','3388',DEFAULT,DEFAULT); INSERT tdb_goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES(' iPad mini ME279CH/A 配備 Retina 顯示屏 7.9英寸平板電腦 (16G WiFi版)','平板電腦','蘋果','2788',DEFAULT,DEFAULT); INSERT tdb_goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('IdeaCentre C340 20英寸一體電腦 ','臺(tái)式機(jī)','聯(lián)想','3499',DEFAULT,DEFAULT); INSERT tdb_goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('Vostro 3800-R1206 臺(tái)式電腦','臺(tái)式機(jī)','戴爾','2899',DEFAULT,DEFAULT); INSERT tdb_goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('iMac ME086CH/A 21.5英寸一體電腦','臺(tái)式機(jī)','蘋果','9188',DEFAULT,DEFAULT); INSERT tdb_goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('AT7-7414LP 臺(tái)式電腦 (i5-3450四核 4G 500G 2G獨(dú)顯 DVD 鍵鼠 Linux )','臺(tái)式機(jī)','宏碁','3699',DEFAULT,DEFAULT); INSERT tdb_goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('Z220SFF F4F06PA工作站','服務(wù)器/工作站','惠普','4288',DEFAULT,DEFAULT); INSERT tdb_goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('PowerEdge T110 II服務(wù)器','服務(wù)器/工作站','戴爾','5388',DEFAULT,DEFAULT); INSERT tdb_goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('Mac Pro MD878CH/A 專業(yè)級(jí)臺(tái)式電腦','服務(wù)器/工作站','蘋果','28888',DEFAULT,DEFAULT); INSERT tdb_goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES(' HMZ-T3W 頭戴顯示設(shè)備','筆記本配件','索尼','6999',DEFAULT,DEFAULT); INSERT tdb_goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('商務(wù)雙肩背包','筆記本配件','索尼','99',DEFAULT,DEFAULT); INSERT tdb_goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('X3250 M4機(jī)架式服務(wù)器 2583i14','服務(wù)器/工作站','IBM','6888',DEFAULT,DEFAULT); INSERT tdb_goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('玄龍精英版 筆記本散熱器','筆記本配件','九州風(fēng)神','',DEFAULT,DEFAULT); INSERT tdb_goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES(' HMZ-T3W 頭戴顯示設(shè)備','筆記本配件','索尼','6999',DEFAULT,DEFAULT); INSERT tdb_goods (goods_name,goods_cate,brand_name,goods_price,is_show,is_saleoff) VALUES('商務(wù)雙肩背包','筆記本配件','索尼','99',DEFAULT,DEFAULT); -- 求所有電腦產(chǎn)品的平均價(jià)格,并且保留兩位小數(shù),AVG,MAX,MIN、COUNT、SUM為聚合函數(shù) SELECT ROUND(AVG(goods_price),2) AS avg_price FROM tdb_goods; -- 查詢所有價(jià)格大于平均價(jià)格的商品,并且按價(jià)格降序排序 SELECT goods_id,goods_name,goods_price FROM tdb_goods WHERE goods_price > 5845.10 ORDER BY goods_price DESC; -- 使用子查詢來實(shí)現(xiàn) SELECT goods_id,goods_name,goods_price FROM tdb_goods WHERE goods_price > (SELECT ROUND(AVG(goods_price),2) AS avg_price FROM tdb_goods) ORDER BY goods_price DESC; -- 查詢類型為“超記本”的商品價(jià)格 SELECT goods_price FROM tdb_goods WHERE goods_cate = '超級(jí)本'; -- 查詢價(jià)格大于或等于"超級(jí)本"價(jià)格的商品,并且按價(jià)格降序排列 SELECT goods_id,goods_name,goods_price FROM tdb_goods WHERE goods_price = ANY(SELECT goods_price FROM tdb_goods WHERE goods_cate = '超級(jí)本') ORDER BY goods_price DESC; -- = ANY 或 = SOME 等價(jià)于 IN SELECT goods_id,goods_name,goods_price FROM tdb_goods WHERE goods_price IN (SELECT goods_price FROM tdb_goods WHERE goods_cate = '超級(jí)本') ORDER BY goods_price DESC; -- 創(chuàng)建“商品分類”表 CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS tdb_goods_cates( cate_id SMALLINT UNSIGNED PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT, cate_name VARCHAR(40) ); -- 查詢tdb_goods表的所有記錄,并且按"類別"分組 SELECT goods_cate FROM tdb_goods GROUP BY goods_cate; -- 將分組結(jié)果寫入到tdb_goods_cates數(shù)據(jù)表 INSERT tdb_goods_cates (cate_name) SELECT goods_cate FROM tdb_goods GROUP BY goods_cate; -- 通過tdb_goods_cates數(shù)據(jù)表來更新tdb_goods表 UPDATE tdb_goods INNER JOIN tdb_goods_cates ON goods_cate = cate_name SET goods_cate = cate_id ; -- 通過CREATE...SELECT來創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)表并且同時(shí)寫入記錄 -- SELECT brand_name FROM tdb_goods GROUP BY brand_name; CREATE TABLE tdb_goods_brands ( brand_id SMALLINT UNSIGNED PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT, brand_name VARCHAR(40) NOT NULL ) SELECT brand_name FROM tdb_goods GROUP BY brand_name; -- 通過tdb_goods_brands數(shù)據(jù)表來更新tdb_goods數(shù)據(jù)表(錯(cuò)誤) UPDATE tdb_goods INNER JOIN tdb_goods_brands ON brand_name = brand_name SET brand_name = brand_id; -- Column 'brand_name' in field list is ambigous -- 正確 UPDATE tdb_goods AS g INNER JOIN tdb_goods_brands AS b ON g.brand_name = b.brand_name SET g.brand_name = b.brand_id; -- 查看tdb_goods的數(shù)據(jù)表結(jié)構(gòu) DESC tdb_goods; -- 通過ALTER TABLE語句修改數(shù)據(jù)表結(jié)構(gòu) ALTER TABLE tdb_goods CHANGE goods_cate cate_id SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL, CHANGE brand_name brand_id SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL; -- 分別在tdb_goods_cates和tdb_goods_brands表插入記錄 INSERT tdb_goods_cates(cate_name) VALUES('路由器'),('交換機(jī)'),('網(wǎng)卡'); INSERT tdb_goods_brands(brand_name) VALUES('海爾'),('清華同方'),('神舟'); -- 在tdb_goods數(shù)據(jù)表寫入任意記錄 INSERT tdb_goods(goods_name,cate_id,brand_id,goods_price) VALUES(' LaserJet Pro P1606dn 黑白激光打印機(jī)','12','4','1849'); -- 查詢所有商品的詳細(xì)信息(通過內(nèi)連接實(shí)現(xiàn)) SELECT goods_id,goods_name,cate_name,brand_name,goods_price FROM tdb_goods AS g INNER JOIN tdb_goods_cates AS c ON g.cate_id = c.cate_id INNER JOIN tdb_goods_brands AS b ON g.brand_id = b.brand_id\G; -- 查詢所有商品的詳細(xì)信息(通過左外連接實(shí)現(xiàn)) SELECT goods_id,goods_name,cate_name,brand_name,goods_price FROM tdb_goods AS g LEFT JOIN tdb_goods_cates AS c ON g.cate_id = c.cate_id LEFT JOIN tdb_goods_brands AS b ON g.brand_id = b.brand_id\G; -- 查詢所有商品的詳細(xì)信息(通過右外連接實(shí)現(xiàn)) SELECT goods_id,goods_name,cate_name,brand_name,goods_price FROM tdb_goods AS g RIGHT JOIN tdb_goods_cates AS c ON g.cate_id = c.cate_id RIGHT JOIN tdb_goods_brands AS b ON g.brand_id = b.brand_id\G; -- 無限分類的數(shù)據(jù)表設(shè)計(jì) CREATE TABLE tdb_goods_types( type_id SMALLINT UNSIGNED PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT, type_name VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL, parent_id SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL DEFAULT 0 ); INSERT tdb_goods_types(type_name,parent_id) VALUES('家用電器',DEFAULT); INSERT tdb_goods_types(type_name,parent_id) VALUES('電腦、辦公',DEFAULT); INSERT tdb_goods_types(type_name,parent_id) VALUES('大家電',1); INSERT tdb_goods_types(type_name,parent_id) VALUES('生活電器',1); INSERT tdb_goods_types(type_name,parent_id) VALUES('平板電視',3); INSERT tdb_goods_types(type_name,parent_id) VALUES('空調(diào)',3); INSERT tdb_goods_types(type_name,parent_id) VALUES('電風(fēng)扇',4); INSERT tdb_goods_types(type_name,parent_id) VALUES('飲水機(jī)',4); INSERT tdb_goods_types(type_name,parent_id) VALUES('電腦整機(jī)',2); INSERT tdb_goods_types(type_name,parent_id) VALUES('電腦配件',2); INSERT tdb_goods_types(type_name,parent_id) VALUES('筆記本',9); INSERT tdb_goods_types(type_name,parent_id) VALUES('超級(jí)本',9); INSERT tdb_goods_types(type_name,parent_id) VALUES('游戲本',9); INSERT tdb_goods_types(type_name,parent_id) VALUES('CPU',10); INSERT tdb_goods_types(type_name,parent_id) VALUES('主機(jī)',10); -- 查找所有分類及其父類 SELECT s.type_id,s.type_name,p.type_name FROM tdb_goods_types AS s LEFT JOIN tdb_goods_types AS p ON s.parent_id = p.type_id; -- 查找所有分類及其子類 SELECT p.type_id,p.type_name,s.type_name FROM tdb_goods_types AS p LEFT JOIN tdb_goods_types AS s ON s.parent_id = p.type_id; -- 查找所有分類及其子類的數(shù)目 SELECT p.type_id,p.type_name,count(s.type_name) AS children_count FROM tdb_goods_types AS p LEFT JOIN tdb_goods_types AS s ON s.parent_id = p.type_id GROUP BY p.type_name ORDER BY p.type_id; -- 為tdb_goods_types添加child_count字段 ALTER TABLE tdb_goods_types ADD child_count MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL DEFAULT 0; -- 將剛才查詢到的子類數(shù)量更新到tdb_goods_types數(shù)據(jù)表 UPDATE tdb_goods_types AS t1 INNER JOIN ( SELECT p.type_id,p.type_name,count(s.type_name) AS children_count FROM tdb_goods_types AS p LEFT JOIN tdb_goods_types AS s ON s.parent_id = p.type_id GROUP BY p.type_name ORDER BY p.type_id ) AS t2 ON t1.type_id = t2.type_id SET t1.child_count = t2.children_count; -- 復(fù)制編號(hào)為12,20的兩條記錄 SELECT * FROM tdb_goods WHERE goods_id IN (19,20); -- INSERT ... SELECT實(shí)現(xiàn)復(fù)制 INSERT tdb_goods(goods_name,cate_id,brand_id) SELECT goods_name,cate_id,brand_id FROM tdb_goods WHERE goods_id IN (19,20); -- 查找重復(fù)記錄 SELECT goods_id,goods_name FROM tdb_goods GROUP BY goods_name HAVING count(goods_name) >= 2; -- 刪除重復(fù)記錄 DELETE t1 FROM tdb_goods AS t1 LEFT JOIN (SELECT goods_id,goods_name FROM tdb_goods GROUP BY goods_name HAVING count(goods_name) >= 2 ) AS t2 ON t1.goods_name = t2.goods_name WHERE t1.goods_id > t2.goods_id;
好了,關(guān)于mysql中子查詢的使用就給大家介紹這么多,希望對(duì)大家有所幫助!
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