PHP面向?qū)ο蟪绦蛟O(shè)計(jì)之對(duì)象生成方法詳解
更新時(shí)間：2016年12月02日 09:17:32 作者：牛逼的霍嘯林
這篇文章主要介紹了PHP面向?qū)ο蟪绦蛟O(shè)計(jì)之對(duì)象生成方法,簡(jiǎn)單介紹了php常見對(duì)象生成模式并結(jié)合實(shí)例形式分析了php對(duì)象生成的單例模式、工廠模式、原形模式等概念與實(shí)現(xiàn)技巧,需要的朋友可以參考下
本文實(shí)例講述了PHP面向?qū)ο蟪绦蛟O(shè)計(jì)之對(duì)象生成方法。分享給大家供大家參考，具體如下：
對(duì)象
看個(gè)例子
<?php
abstract class Employee { // 雇員
protected $name;
function __construct( $name ) {
$this->name = $name;
}
abstract function fire();
}
class Minion extends Employee { // 奴隸 繼承 雇員
function fire() {
print "{$this->name}: I'll clear my desk\n";
}
}
class NastyBoss { // 壞老板
private $employees = array();
function addEmployee( $employeeName ) { // 添加員工
$this->employees[] = new Minion( $employeeName ); // 代碼靈活性受到限制
}
function projectFails() {
if ( count( $this->employees ) > 0 ) {
$emp = array_pop( $this->employees );
$emp->fire(); // 炒魷魚
}
}
}
$boss = new NastyBoss();
$boss->addEmployee( "harry" );
$boss->addEmployee( "bob" );
$boss->addEmployee( "mary" );
$boss->projectFails();
// output:
// mary: I'll clear my desk
?>
再看一個(gè)更具有靈活性的案例
<?php
abstract class Employee {
protected $name;
function __construct( $name ) {
$this->name = $name;
}
abstract function fire();
}
class Minion extends Employee {
function fire() {
print "{$this->name}: I'll clear my desk\n";
}
}
class NastyBoss {
private $employees = array();
function addEmployee( Employee $employee ) { // 傳入對(duì)象
$this->employees[] = $employee;
}
function projectFails() {
if ( count( $this->employees ) ) {
$emp = array_pop( $this->employees );
$emp->fire();
}
}
}
// new Employee class...
class CluedUp extends Employee {
function fire() {
print "{$this->name}: I'll call my lawyer\n";
}
}
$boss = new NastyBoss();
$boss->addEmployee( new Minion( "harry" ) ); // 直接以對(duì)象作為參數(shù)，更具有靈活性
$boss->addEmployee( new CluedUp( "bob" ) );
$boss->addEmployee( new Minion( "mary" ) );
$boss->projectFails();
$boss->projectFails();
$boss->projectFails();
// output:
// mary: I'll clear my desk
// bob: I'll call my lawyer
// harry: I'll clear my desk
?>
單例
<?php
class Preferences {
private $props = array();
private static $instance; // 私有的，靜態(tài)屬性
private function __construct() { } // 無法實(shí)例化，私有的構(gòu)造函數(shù)
public static function getInstance() { // 返回對(duì)象 靜態(tài)方法才可以被類訪問，靜態(tài)方法中要有靜態(tài)屬性
if ( empty( self::$instance ) ) {
self::$instance = new Preferences();
}
return self::$instance;
}
public function setProperty( $key, $val ) {
$this->props[$key] = $val;
}
public function getProperty( $key ) {
return $this->props[$key];
}
}
$pref = Preferences::getInstance();
$pref->setProperty( "name", "matt" );
unset( $pref ); // remove the reference
$pref2 = Preferences::getInstance();
print $pref2->getProperty( "name" ) ."\n"; // demonstrate value is not lost
?>
點(diǎn)評(píng)：不能隨意創(chuàng)建對(duì)象，只能通過Preferences::getInstance()來創(chuàng)建對(duì)象。
工廠模式
<?php
abstract class ApptEncoder {
abstract function encode();
}
class BloggsApptEncoder extends ApptEncoder {
function encode() {
return "Appointment data encoded in BloggsCal format\n";
}
}
class MegaApptEncoder extends ApptEncoder {
function encode() {
return "Appointment data encoded in MegaCal format\n";
}
}
class CommsManager { // 負(fù)責(zé)生產(chǎn)Bloggs對(duì)象
function getApptEncoder() {
return new BloggsApptEncoder();
}
}
$obj = new CommsManager();
$bloggs = $obj->getApptEncoder(); // 獲取對(duì)象
print $bloggs->encode();
?>
output:
Appointment data encoded in BloggsCal format
進(jìn)一步增加靈活性設(shè)置
<?php
abstract class ApptEncoder {
abstract function encode();
}
class BloggsApptEncoder extends ApptEncoder {
function encode() {
return "Appointment data encoded in BloggsCal format\n";
}
}
class MegaApptEncoder extends ApptEncoder {
function encode() {
return "Appointment data encoded in MegaCal format\n";
}
}
class CommsManager {
const BLOGGS = 1;
const MEGA = 2;
private $mode ;
function __construct( $mode ) {
$this->mode = $mode;
}
function getHeaderText() {
switch ( $this->mode ) {
case ( self::MEGA ):
return "MegaCal header\n";
default:
return "BloggsCal header\n";
}
}
function getApptEncoder() {
switch ( $this->mode ) {
case ( self::MEGA ):
return new MegaApptEncoder();
default:
return new BloggsApptEncoder();
}
}
}
$man = new CommsManager( CommsManager::MEGA );
print ( get_class( $man->getApptEncoder() ) )."\n";
$man = new CommsManager( CommsManager::BLOGGS );
print ( get_class( $man->getApptEncoder() ) )."\n";
?>
output:
MegaApptEncoder
BloggsApptEncoder
工廠方法模式要把創(chuàng)建者類與要生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品類分離開來。
抽象工廠
通過抽象來來約束，成為一定的規(guī)矩。
<?php
abstract class ApptEncoder {
abstract function encode();
}
class BloggsApptEncoder extends ApptEncoder {
function encode() {
return "Appointment data encoded in BloggsCal format\n";
}
}
class MegaApptEncoder extends ApptEncoder {
function encode() {
return "Appointment data encoded in MegaCal format\n";
}
}
abstract class CommsManager { // 預(yù)約
abstract function getHeaderText();
abstract function getApptEncoder();
abstract function getTtdEncoder();
abstract function getContactEncoder();
abstract function getFooterText();
}
class BloggsCommsManager extends CommsManager {
function getHeaderText() {
return "BloggsCal header\n";
}
function getApptEncoder() {
return new BloggsApptEncoder();
}
function getTtdEncoder() {
return new BloggsTtdEncoder();
}
function getContactEncoder() {
return new BloggsContactEncoder();
}
function getFooterText() {
return "BloggsCal footer\n";
}
}
class MegaCommsManager extends CommsManager {
function getHeaderText() {
return "MegaCal header\n";
}
function getApptEncoder() {
return new MegaApptEncoder();
}
function getTtdEncoder() {
return new MegaTtdEncoder();
}
function getContactEncoder() {
return new MegaContactEncoder();
}
function getFooterText() {
return "MegaCal footer\n";
}
}
$mgr = new MegaCommsManager();
print $mgr->getHeaderText();
print $mgr->getApptEncoder()->encode(); // 對(duì)象調(diào)用方法，返回對(duì)象，繼續(xù)調(diào)用方法。
print $mgr->getFooterText();
?>
output:
MegaCal header
Appointment data encoded in MegaCal format
MegaCal footer
更加牛逼的實(shí)現(xiàn)
<?php
// 根據(jù)類圖，規(guī)劃類的代碼。從大局入手。
abstract class ApptEncoder {
abstract function encode();
}
class BloggsApptEncoder extends ApptEncoder {
function encode() {
return "Appointment data encoded in BloggsCal format\n";
}
}
class MegaApptEncoder extends ApptEncoder {
function encode() {
return "Appointment data encoded in MegaCal format\n";
}
}
abstract class CommsManager {
const APPT = 1;
const TTD = 2;
const CONTACT = 3;
abstract function getHeaderText();
abstract function make( $flag_int ); // int標(biāo)記
abstract function getFooterText();
}
class BloggsCommsManager extends CommsManager {
function getHeaderText() {
return "BloggsCal header\n";
}
function make( $flag_int ) {
switch ( $flag_int ) {
case self::APPT: // self直接控制常量
return new BloggsApptEncoder();
case self::CONTACT:
return new BloggsContactEncoder();
case self::TTD:
return new BloggsTtdEncoder();
}
}
function getFooterText() {
return "BloggsCal footer\n";
}
}
$mgr = new BloggsCommsManager();
print $mgr->getHeaderText();
print $mgr->make( CommsManager::APPT )->encode();
print $mgr->getFooterText();
?>
output:
BloggsCal header
Appointment data encoded in BloggsCal format
BloggsCal footer
原型模式
改造成一個(gè)保存具體產(chǎn)品的工廠類。
<?php
class Sea {} // 大海
class EarthSea extends Sea {}
class MarsSea extends Sea {}
class Plains {} // 平原
class EarthPlains extends Plains {}
class MarsPlains extends Plains {}
class Forest {} // 森林
class EarthForest extends Forest {}
class MarsForest extends Forest {}
class TerrainFactory { // 地域工廠
private $sea;
private $forest;
private $plains;
function __construct( Sea $sea, Plains $plains, Forest $forest ) { // 定義變量為類對(duì)象
$this->sea = $sea;
$this->plains = $plains;
$this->forest = $forest;
}
function getSea( ) {
return clone $this->sea; // 克隆
}
function getPlains( ) {
return clone $this->plains;
}
function getForest( ) {
return clone $this->forest;
}
}
$factory = new TerrainFactory( new EarthSea(),
new EarthPlains(),
new EarthForest() );
print_r( $factory->getSea() );
print_r( $factory->getPlains() );
print_r( $factory->getForest() );
?>
output:
EarthSea Object ( ) EarthPlains Object ( ) EarthForest Object ( )
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希望本文所述對(duì)大家PHP程序設(shè)計(jì)有所幫助。
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