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淺談Linux下通過find命令進行rm文件刪除的小技巧

 更新時間：2016年12月07日 10:09:51   投稿：jingxian  
下面小編就為大家?guī)硪黄獪\談Linux下通過find命令進行rm文件刪除的小技巧。小編覺得挺不錯的，現(xiàn)在就分享給大家，也給大家做個參考。一起跟隨小編過來看看吧

我們經常會通過find命令進行批量操作，如：批量刪除舊文件、批量修改、基于時間的文件統(tǒng)計、基于文件大小的文件統(tǒng)計等，在這些操作當中，由于rm刪除操作會導致目錄結構變化，如果要通過find結合rm的操作寫成腳本，就會遇到一些麻煩，本文通過一個例子為大家進行介紹。

系統(tǒng)環(huán)境：

SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11 或

Red Hat Enterprise Linux

問題癥狀：

客戶現(xiàn)場有一個自動化的腳本，有以下的find語句，每天運行以刪除某個目錄下7天以前的文件或目錄，這些目錄都是按時間順序生成PostgreSQL數(shù)據(jù)庫的WAL日志及其錯誤日志pg_log：

/bin/find /enterprisedb_backup/postgresql/ -mtime +7 -exec /bin/rm -rf '{}' \;

運行過程中，間歇性地出現(xiàn)以下錯誤：

[root@edb ~]# /bin/find /enterprisedb_backup/postgresql/ -mtime +7 -exec /bin/rm -rf {} \;
/bin/find: `/enterprisedb_backup/postgresql/network-scripts': No such file or directory
[root@edb ~]# echo $?
1

顯然，以上命令返回了錯誤的結果，但客戶反映說，以上腳本運行后目錄下7天前的數(shù)據(jù)的確備刪除了。

問題分析：

進行故障重現(xiàn)，在另一臺服務器中通過模擬數(shù)據(jù)單獨運行find命令分析此問題，測試過程如下：

1.模擬數(shù)據(jù)

[root@edbnode1 ~]# date
Wed Jun 18 23:08:18 CST 2014

[root@edbnode1 ~]# cp -rcp /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ /enterprisedb_backup/postgresql/
[root@edbnode1 ~]# cp -rcp /etc/init.d/iptables /enterprisedb_backup/postgresql/## 以上通過 cp -rcp 命令使得拷貝到目標目錄的數(shù)據(jù)保持包括：建立時間、用戶權根等信息，以模擬出一個舊文件及一個舊目錄

[root@edbnode1 ~]# ll /enterprisedb_backup/postgresql/
total 16
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 9409 Oct 31 2012 iptables
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Jun 18 2013 network-scripts## 以上可以看到iptables文件是2012年建立的，network-scripts是2013年建立的，都遠遠超過了7天

[root@edbnode1 ~]# ll /enterprisedb_backup/postgresql/*
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 9409 Oct 31 2012 /enterprisedb_backup/postgresql/iptables

/enterprisedb_backup/postgresql/network-scripts:
total 212
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  159 Jun 18 2013 ifcfg-eth0
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  203 Jun 18 2013 ifcfg-eth1
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  203 Jun 18 2013 ifcfg-eth2
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  254 Jan 9 2013 ifcfg-lo
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root  20 Jun 18 2013 ifdown -> ../../../sbin/ifdown
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  627 Jan 9 2013 ifdown-bnep
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 5397 Jan 9 2013 ifdown-eth
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  781 Jan 9 2013 ifdown-ippp
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 4168 Jan 9 2013 ifdown-ipv6
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root  11 Jun 18 2013 ifdown-isdn -> ifdown-ippp
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 1481 Jan 9 2013 ifdown-post
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 1064 Jan 9 2013 ifdown-ppp
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  835 Jan 9 2013 ifdown-routes
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 1370 Jan 9 2013 ifdown-sit
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 1434 Jan 9 2013 ifdown-tunnel
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root  18 Jun 18 2013 ifup -> ../../../sbin/ifup
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 12365 Jan 9 2013 ifup-aliases
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  859 Jan 9 2013 ifup-bnep
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 10157 Jan 9 2013 ifup-eth
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 11971 Jan 9 2013 ifup-ippp
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 10401 Jan 9 2013 ifup-ipv6
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root   9 Jun 18 2013 ifup-isdn -> ifup-ippp
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  727 Jan 9 2013 ifup-plip
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root  954 Jan 9 2013 ifup-plusb
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 2364 Jan 9 2013 ifup-post
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 4154 Jan 9 2013 ifup-ppp
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 1925 Jan 9 2013 ifup-routes
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 3499 Jan 9 2013 ifup-sit
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 2488 Jan 9 2013 ifup-tunnel
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 3770 Jan 9 2013 ifup-wireless
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 4623 Jan 9 2013 init.ipv6-global
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 1125 Jan 9 2013 net.hotplug
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 13079 Jan 9 2013 network-functions
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 29853 Jan 9 2013 network-functions-ipv6
## 以上可以看到network-script不是一個空的目錄，當中還有文件，而且文件也都已經是7天前建立的了

2.測試單獨模擬執(zhí)行腳本中的find + rm指令

[root@edbnode1 ~]# /bin/find /enterprisedb_backup/postgresql/ -mtime +7 -exec /bin/rm -rf {} \;
/bin/find: `/enterprisedb_backup/postgresql/network-scripts': No such file or directory
[root@edbnode1 ~]# echo $?
1
[root@edbnode1 ~]# ls /enterprisedb_backup/postgresql/
[root@edbnode1 ~]#

可以看到find操作的確返回了錯誤的結果，但查看數(shù)據(jù)備份目錄發(fā)現(xiàn)，iptables文件及network-scripts目錄已經正確刪除

3.由于數(shù)據(jù)已經正確刪除，因此我們開始懷疑是由network-scripts目錄刪除后，find繼續(xù)嘗試刪除此目錄下其它文件，導致出不“No such file or directory”的錯誤，因此需要于進一步證實此猜想，重新執(zhí)行以上“第1步”中的數(shù)據(jù)環(huán)境模擬，并執(zhí)行以下操作，主要是將rm轉換成ls以展現(xiàn)整體運行過程：

[root@edbnode1 ~]# cp -rcp /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ /enterprisedb_backup/postgresql/
[root@edbnode1 ~]# cp -rcp /etc/init.d/iptables /enterprisedb_backup/postgresql/
[root@edbnode1 ~]# /bin/find /enterprisedb_backup/postgresql/ -mtime +7 -exec /bin/ls {} \;
ifcfg-eth0 ifcfg-lo	 ifdown-eth  ifdown-isdn ifdown-routes ifup		ifup-eth  ifup-isdn  ifup-post  ifup-sit	  init.ipv6-global  network-functions-ipv6
ifcfg-eth1 ifdown	 ifdown-ippp ifdown-post ifdown-sit	 ifup-aliases	ifup-ippp ifup-plip  ifup-ppp   ifup-tunnel  net.hotplug
ifcfg-eth2 ifdown-bnep ifdown-ipv6 ifdown-ppp  ifdown-tunnel ifup-bnep	ifup-ipv6 ifup-plusb ifup-routes ifup-wireless network-functions
/enterprisedb_backup/postgresql/network-scripts/ifup-plusb
/enterprisedb_backup/postgresql/network-scripts/ifup-sit
/enterprisedb_backup/postgresql/network-scripts/ifdown-post
/enterprisedb_backup/postgresql/network-scripts/ifcfg-lo
/enterprisedb_backup/postgresql/network-scripts/network-functions
/enterprisedb_backup/postgresql/network-scripts/ifup-bnep
/enterprisedb_backup/postgresql/network-scripts/ifup-ippp
/enterprisedb_backup/postgresql/network-scripts/ifdown-sit
/enterprisedb_backup/postgresql/network-scripts/ifdown-tunnel
/enterprisedb_backup/postgresql/network-scripts/ifup-plip
/enterprisedb_backup/postgresql/network-scripts/ifup-eth
/enterprisedb_backup/postgresql/network-scripts/ifdown-ipv6
/enterprisedb_backup/postgresql/network-scripts/ifdown-ippp
/enterprisedb_backup/postgresql/network-scripts/ifup-aliases
/enterprisedb_backup/postgresql/network-scripts/network-functions-ipv6
/enterprisedb_backup/postgresql/network-scripts/ifup-ipv6
/enterprisedb_backup/postgresql/network-scripts/ifup-post
/enterprisedb_backup/postgresql/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth2
/enterprisedb_backup/postgresql/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth1
/enterprisedb_backup/postgresql/network-scripts/ifdown-ppp
/enterprisedb_backup/postgresql/network-scripts/ifup-isdn
/enterprisedb_backup/postgresql/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
/enterprisedb_backup/postgresql/network-scripts/ifdown
/enterprisedb_backup/postgresql/network-scripts/ifup-wireless
/enterprisedb_backup/postgresql/network-scripts/ifup-ppp
/enterprisedb_backup/postgresql/network-scripts/ifdown-eth
/enterprisedb_backup/postgresql/network-scripts/init.ipv6-global
/enterprisedb_backup/postgresql/network-scripts/ifdown-isdn
/enterprisedb_backup/postgresql/network-scripts/ifup-tunnel
/enterprisedb_backup/postgresql/network-scripts/ifdown-routes
/enterprisedb_backup/postgresql/network-scripts/ifdown-bnep
/enterprisedb_backup/postgresql/network-scripts/net.hotplug
/enterprisedb_backup/postgresql/network-scripts/ifup
/enterprisedb_backup/postgresql/network-scripts/ifup-routes
/enterprisedb_backup/postgresql/iptables

通過以上操作我們可以看到，find命令不單查詢了/enterprisedb_backup/postgresql/目錄，并且遍歷了所有子目錄，因此支持了我們的推斷

4.綜上所述基本定位問題所在

解決方案：

1.整理思路后，可以確認，如果find只找出所需操作目錄的第1層文件及目錄即可解決此問題

2.通過偉大的 man 命令我們得到以下信息

-maxdepth levels
  Descend at most levels (a non-negative integer) levels of directories below the command line arguments. -maxdepth 0 means only apply the tests and actions to the command line arguments.

3.測試操作確認修改為：

[root@edbnode1 ~]# /bin/find /enterprisedb_backup/postgresql/ -mtime +7 -maxdepth 1 -exec /bin/rm -rf {} \;
/bin/find: warning: you have specified the -maxdepth option after a non-option argument -mtime, but options are not positional (-maxdepth affects tests specified before it as well as those specified after it). Please specify options before other arguments.

這里意思是說：-mtime找到的信息可能會操過-maxdepth的范圍，在find操作中建議-maxdepth放在所有其他參數(shù)的前面

解決結果【完成】

以上這篇淺談Linux下通過find命令進行rm文件刪除的小技巧就是小編分享給大家的全部內容了，希望能給大家一個參考，也希望大家多多支持腳本之家。

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