如何反向繪制出?.NET程序?異步方法調(diào)用棧(最新)
一:背景
1. 講故事
這個(gè)問(wèn)題源于給訓(xùn)練營(yíng)里的一位朋友分析的卡死dump,在分析期間我需要知道某一個(gè)異步方法的調(diào)用棧,但程序是 .framework 4.8 ,沒(méi)有sos后續(xù)版本獨(dú)有的 !dumpasync
命令,所以這就比較搞了,但轉(zhuǎn)念一想,既然 !dumpasync
能把調(diào)用棧搞出來(lái),按理說(shuō)我也可以給他撈出來(lái),所以就有了此篇。
二:異步調(diào)用棧研究
1. 一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的案例
為了模擬的真實(shí)一點(diǎn),搞一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的三層架構(gòu),最后在 DAL 層的 ReadAsync 之后給它斷住,參考代碼如下:
namespace Example_18_1_1.UI { internal class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { Task.Run(() => { var task = GetCustomersAsync(); Console.WriteLine(task.IsCompleted); }); Console.ReadLine(); } static async Task GetCustomersAsync() { string connectionString = @"Server=(localdb)\MyInstance;Database=MyDatabase;Integrated Security=true;"; try { Console.WriteLine("Starting async database query..."); // 初始化服務(wù) var customerService = new CustomerService(connectionString); // 獲取并顯示客戶數(shù)據(jù) var customers = await customerService.GetCustomersForDisplayAsync(); foreach (var customer in customers) { Console.WriteLine($"Customer: ID={customer.Id}, Name={customer.Name}"); } Console.WriteLine("Query completed successfully."); } catch (Exception ex) { Console.WriteLine($"Error: {ex.Message}"); } } } } namespace Example_18_1_1.BLL { public class CustomerService { private readonly CustomerRepository _repository; public CustomerService(string connectionString) { _repository = new CustomerRepository(connectionString); } public async Task<IEnumerable<Customer>> GetCustomersForDisplayAsync() { // 這里可以添加業(yè)務(wù)邏輯,如驗(yàn)證、轉(zhuǎn)換等 var customers = await _repository.GetTop10CustomersAsync(); // 示例業(yè)務(wù)邏輯:確保名稱不為null foreach (var customer in customers) { customer.Name ??= "Unknown"; } return customers; } } } namespace Example_18_1_1.DAL { public class CustomerRepository { private readonly string _connectionString; public CustomerRepository(string connectionString) { _connectionString = connectionString; } public async Task<IEnumerable<Customer>> GetTop10CustomersAsync() { var customers = new List<Customer>(); await using (var connection = new SqlConnection(_connectionString)) { await connection.OpenAsync(); var command = new SqlCommand("SELECT TOP 10 * FROM Customers", connection); await using (var reader = await command.ExecuteReaderAsync()) { while (await reader.ReadAsync()) { customers.Add(new Customer { Id = Convert.ToInt32(reader["Id"]), Name = Convert.ToString(reader["Name"]) }); Debugger.Break(); } } } return customers; } } public class Customer { public int Id { get; set; } public string Name { get; set; } } }
從代碼流程看,異步調(diào)用鏈?zhǔn)沁@樣的 GetCustomersAsync -> GetCustomersForDisplayAsync -> GetTop10CustomersAsync
一個(gè)過(guò)程,在程序中斷之后,我們用 WinDbg 附加,使用 !clrstack
觀察當(dāng)前調(diào)用棧。
0:017> !clrstack OS Thread Id: 0x3118 (17) Child SP IP Call Site 000000ABD6CBEAF8 00007ffeb1e61db2 [HelperMethodFrame: 000000abd6cbeaf8] System.Diagnostics.Debugger.BreakInternal() 000000ABD6CBEC00 00007ffdf818a91a System.Diagnostics.Debugger.Break() [/_/src/coreclr/System.Private.CoreLib/src/System/Diagnostics/Debugger.cs @ 18] 000000ABD6CBEC30 00007ffd9915079d Example_18_1_1.DAL.CustomerRepository+d__2.MoveNext() [D:\skyfly\18.20220727\src\Example\Example_18_1_1\Program.cs @ 115] 000000ABD6CBEE50 00007ffdf827f455 System.Runtime.CompilerServices.AsyncTaskMethodBuilder`1+AsyncStateMachineBox`1[[System.__Canon, System.Private.CoreLib],[System.__Canon, System.Private.CoreLib]].ExecutionContextCallback(System.Object) [/_/src/libraries/System.Private.CoreLib/src/System/Runtime/CompilerServices/AsyncTaskMethodBuilderT.cs @ 286] 000000ABD6CBEE80 00007ffdf808dde9 System.Threading.ExecutionContext.RunInternal(System.Threading.ExecutionContext, System.Threading.ContextCallback, System.Object) [/_/src/libraries/System.Private.CoreLib/src/System/Threading/ExecutionContext.cs @ 183] 000000ABD6CBEEF0 00007ffdf827f593 System.Runtime.CompilerServices.AsyncTaskMethodBuilder`1+AsyncStateMachineBox`1[[System.__Canon, System.Private.CoreLib],[System.__Canon, System.Private.CoreLib]].MoveNext(System.Threading.Thread) [/_/src/libraries/System.Private.CoreLib/src/System/Runtime/CompilerServices/AsyncTaskMethodBuilderT.cs @ 324] 000000ABD6CBEF60 00007ffdf827f4ec System.Runtime.CompilerServices.AsyncTaskMethodBuilder`1+AsyncStateMachineBox`1[[System.__Canon, System.Private.CoreLib],[System.__Canon, System.Private.CoreLib]].MoveNext() [/_/src/libraries/System.Private.CoreLib/src/System/Runtime/CompilerServices/AsyncTaskMethodBuilderT.cs @ 302] 000000ABD6CBEF90 00007ffdf80a9a06 System.Threading.Tasks.AwaitTaskContinuation.RunOrScheduleAction(System.Runtime.CompilerServices.IAsyncStateMachineBox, Boolean) [/_/src/libraries/System.Private.CoreLib/src/System/Threading/Tasks/TaskContinuation.cs @ 795] 000000ABD6CBEFF0 00007ffdf80a48eb System.Threading.Tasks.Task.RunContinuations(System.Object) [/_/src/libraries/System.Private.CoreLib/src/System/Threading/Tasks/Task.cs @ 3374] 000000ABD6CBF0D0 00007ffdf80a4866 System.Threading.Tasks.Task.FinishContinuations() [/_/src/libraries/System.Private.CoreLib/src/System/Threading/Tasks/Task.cs @ 3350] 000000ABD6CBF110 00007ffdf8251350 System.Threading.Tasks.Task`1[[System.__Canon, System.Private.CoreLib]].TrySetResult(System.__Canon) [/_/src/libraries/System.Private.CoreLib/src/System/Threading/Tasks/Future.cs @ 400] 000000ABD6CBF160 00007ffdf8254fc3 System.Threading.Tasks.UnwrapPromise`1[[System.__Canon, System.Private.CoreLib]].TrySetFromTask(System.Threading.Tasks.Task, Boolean) 000000ABD6CBF1C0 00007ffdf825515b System.Threading.Tasks.UnwrapPromise`1[[System.__Canon, System.Private.CoreLib]].ProcessInnerTask(System.Threading.Tasks.Task) [/_/src/libraries/System.Private.CoreLib/src/System/Threading/Tasks/Task.cs @ 6940] 000000ABD6CBF200 00007ffdf8254ead System.Threading.Tasks.UnwrapPromise`1[[System.__Canon, System.Private.CoreLib]].ProcessCompletedOuterTask(System.Threading.Tasks.Task) 000000ABD6CBF240 00007ffdf8254d1b System.Threading.Tasks.UnwrapPromise`1[[System.__Canon, System.Private.CoreLib]].Invoke(System.Threading.Tasks.Task) [/_/src/libraries/System.Private.CoreLib/src/System/Threading/Tasks/Task.cs @ 6802] 000000ABD6CBF280 00007ffdf80a4e11 System.Threading.Tasks.Task.RunOrQueueCompletionAction(System.Threading.Tasks.ITaskCompletionAction, Boolean) 000000ABD6CBF2C0 00007ffdf80a4c0a System.Threading.Tasks.Task.RunContinuations(System.Object) [/_/src/libraries/System.Private.CoreLib/src/System/Threading/Tasks/Task.cs @ 3392] 000000ABD6CBF3A0 00007ffdf80a4866 System.Threading.Tasks.Task.FinishContinuations() [/_/src/libraries/System.Private.CoreLib/src/System/Threading/Tasks/Task.cs @ 3350] 000000ABD6CBF3E0 00007ffdf80a2e9f System.Threading.Tasks.Task.FinishStageThree() [/_/src/libraries/System.Private.CoreLib/src/System/Threading/Tasks/Task.cs @ 2125] 000000ABD6CBF410 00007ffdf80a2d0b System.Threading.Tasks.Task.FinishStageTwo() [/_/src/libraries/System.Private.CoreLib/src/System/Threading/Tasks/Task.cs @ 2095] 000000ABD6CBF460 00007ffdf80a33f6 System.Threading.Tasks.Task.ExecuteWithThreadLocal(System.Threading.Tasks.Task ByRef, System.Threading.Thread) [/_/src/libraries/System.Private.CoreLib/src/System/Threading/Tasks/Task.cs @ 2350] 000000ABD6CBF500 00007ffdf80a3293 System.Threading.Tasks.Task.ExecuteEntryUnsafe(System.Threading.Thread) [/_/src/libraries/System.Private.CoreLib/src/System/Threading/Tasks/Task.cs @ 2271] 000000ABD6CBF540 00007ffdf80a323a System.Threading.Tasks.Task.ExecuteFromThreadPool(System.Threading.Thread) [/_/src/libraries/System.Private.CoreLib/src/System/Threading/Tasks/Task.cs @ 2262] 000000ABD6CBF570 00007ffdf80969df System.Threading.ThreadPoolWorkQueue.Dispatch() 000000ABD6CBF610 00007ffdf809e566 System.Threading.PortableThreadPool+WorkerThread.WorkerThreadStart() [/_/src/libraries/System.Private.CoreLib/src/System/Threading/PortableThreadPool.WorkerThread.cs @ 107] 000000ABD6CBF730 00007ffdf8082f0f System.Threading.Thread.StartCallback() [/_/src/coreclr/System.Private.CoreLib/src/System/Threading/Thread.CoreCLR.cs @ 105] 000000ABD6CBF9C0 00007ffdf8ccbde3 [DebuggerU2MCatchHandlerFrame: 000000abd6cbf9c0]
卦中真的是眼花繚亂,找瞎了眼也沒(méi)找到調(diào)用鏈上的三個(gè)方法名,只有一個(gè) Example_18_1_1.DAL.CustomerRepository+d__2
狀態(tài)機(jī)類,經(jīng)過(guò) ILSpy反編譯才能勉強(qiáng)的看到是 GetTop10CustomersAsync
方法,截圖如下:
所以sos為了讓調(diào)試者免去這個(gè)痛苦,新增了 !dumpasync
命令。
0:017> !dumpasync STACK 1 0000028b00029338 00007ffd993d1e00 (-1) Example_18_1_1.DAL.CustomerRepository+<GetTop10CustomersAsync>d__2 @ 7ffd991502a0 0000028b00029438 00007ffd993d3290 (0) Example_18_1_1.BLL.CustomerService+<GetCustomersForDisplayAsync>d__2 @ 7ffd9914d6c0 0000028b00029550 00007ffd993d3fe8 (0) Example_18_1_1.UI.Program+<GetCustomersAsync>d__1 @ 7ffd9914b8f0
雖然能以 屏蔽外部代碼
的方式顯示出了異步調(diào)用棧,但這個(gè)sos 命令是 .netcore
獨(dú)有的,所以作為高級(jí)調(diào)試者,我們必須具有手工繪制的能力。
2. 如何手工繪制
要想手工繪制,需要了解異步狀態(tài)機(jī)的內(nèi)部機(jī)制,即子函數(shù)和父函數(shù)是通過(guò) m_continuationObject
字段串聯(lián)的,去年我寫(xiě)過(guò)一篇關(guān)于異步方法串聯(lián)的文章,可以參考下 (http://www.dbjr.com.cn/program/341250jj0.htm)[聊一聊 C#異步 任務(wù)延續(xù)的三種底層玩法],這里就不具體說(shuō)了,用一張圖來(lái)表示吧。
本質(zhì)上來(lái)說(shuō)就是 Box 之間形成了一個(gè)跨線程的由m_continuationObject
串聯(lián)出的單鏈表,有了思路之后,我們開(kāi)始驗(yàn)證吧,使用 !dso
找到頭節(jié)點(diǎn) box。
0:017> !dso OS Thread Id: 0x3118 (17) SP/REG Object Name rbx 028b00029338 System.Runtime.CompilerServices.AsyncTaskMethodBuilder<System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable<Example_18_1_1.DAL.Customer>>+AsyncStateMachineBox<Example_18_1_1.DAL.CustomerRepository+<GetTop10CustomersAsync>d__2> .... 0:017> !dumpobj /d 28b00029338 Name: System.Runtime.CompilerServices.AsyncTaskMethodBuilder`1+AsyncStateMachineBox`1[[System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable`1[[Example_18_1_1.DAL.Customer, Example_18_1_1]], System.Private.CoreLib],[Example_18_1_1.DAL.CustomerRepository+<GetTop10CustomersAsync>d__2, Example_18_1_1]] Fields: MT Field Offset Type VT Attr Value Name ... 00007ffd99125690 4000db9 20 System.Object 0 instance 0000028b00029438 m_continuationObject ... 0:017> !DumpObj /d 0000028b00029438 Name: System.Runtime.CompilerServices.AsyncTaskMethodBuilder`1+AsyncStateMachineBox`1[[System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable`1[[Example_18_1_1.DAL.Customer, Example_18_1_1]], System.Private.CoreLib],[Example_18_1_1.BLL.CustomerService+<GetCustomersForDisplayAsync>d__2, Example_18_1_1]] Fields: MT Field Offset Type VT Attr Value Name ... 00007ffd99125690 4000db9 20 System.Object 0 instance 0000028b00029550 m_continuationObject ... 0:017> !DumpObj /d 0000028b00029550 Name: System.Runtime.CompilerServices.AsyncTaskMethodBuilder`1+AsyncStateMachineBox`1[[System.Threading.Tasks.VoidTaskResult, System.Private.CoreLib],[Example_18_1_1.UI.Program+<GetCustomersAsync>d__1, Example_18_1_1]] Fields: MT Field Offset Type VT Attr Value Name ... 00007ffd99125690 4000db9 20 System.Object 0 instance 0000000000000000 m_continuationObject ... 00007ffd99125708 4001337 48 System.__Canon 0 instance 0000028b0000e7f8 StateMachine ...
上面三個(gè) m_continuationObject 值即是 !dumpasync
輸出的結(jié)果,最后一個(gè) m_continuationObject=null 說(shuō)明為異步執(zhí)行流的最后一個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn),流程正在這里沒(méi)出來(lái),可以把這個(gè)異步狀態(tài)機(jī)給解包出來(lái),即卦中的 StateMachine 字段,輸出如下:
0:017> !do 0000028b0000e7f8 Name: Example_18_1_1.BLL.CustomerService+<GetCustomersForDisplayAsync>d__2 Fields: MT Field Offset Type VT Attr Value Name 00007ffd991c94b0 4000018 30 System.Int32 1 instance 0 <>1__state 00007ffd9924fca0 4000019 38 ...Private.CoreLib]] 1 instance 0000028b0000e830 <>t__builder 00007ffd99247298 400001a 8 ...L.CustomerService 0 instance 0000028b0000e7c8 <>4__this 00007ffd992453b0 400001b 10 ... Example_18_1_1]] 0 instance 0000000000000000 <customers>5__1 00007ffd992453b0 400001c 18 ... Example_18_1_1]] 0 instance 0000000000000000 <>s__2 00007ffd99246d60 400001d 20 ... Example_18_1_1]] 0 instance 0000000000000000 <>s__3 00007ffd99245338 400001e 28 ..._1_1.DAL.Customer 0 instance 0000000000000000 <customer>5__4 00007ffd99245448 400001f 40 ...Private.CoreLib]] 1 instance 0000028b0000e838 <>u__1
再配上 ILSpy 反編譯出來(lái)的狀態(tài)機(jī)代碼,截圖如下:
可以根據(jù)這里面的字段賦值情況來(lái)推測(cè)當(dāng)前正執(zhí)行哪一個(gè)階段。
3. 父節(jié)點(diǎn)如何找到子節(jié)點(diǎn)
剛才我們是通過(guò) 子節(jié)點(diǎn) -> 父節(jié)點(diǎn)
尋找法,在真實(shí)的dump分析中,可能還會(huì)存在反向的情況,即 父節(jié)點(diǎn) -> 子節(jié)點(diǎn)
尋找法,但父節(jié)點(diǎn)尋找目標(biāo)子節(jié)點(diǎn)的過(guò)程中會(huì)存在多條鏈路,比如 GetTop10CustomersAsync 方法中存在五個(gè) await 就對(duì)應(yīng)著 4條鏈路。
用狀態(tài)機(jī)的話術(shù)就是下面的4個(gè) <>u__xxxx
。
可能有些朋友還是有點(diǎn)懵,沒(méi)關(guān)系,我也繪制一張圖。
最后通過(guò) windbg 來(lái)驗(yàn)證一下。
0:017> !do 0000028b00029550 Name: System.Runtime.CompilerServices.AsyncTaskMethodBuilder`1+AsyncStateMachineBox`1[[System.Threading.Tasks.VoidTaskResult, System.Private.CoreLib],[Example_18_1_1.UI.Program+<GetCustomersAsync>d__1, Example_18_1_1]] Fields: MT Field Offset Type VT Attr Value Name 00007ffd99125708 4001337 48 System.__Canon 0 instance 0000028b0000de10 StateMachine 0:017> !DumpObj /d 0000028b0000de10 Name: Example_18_1_1.UI.Program+<GetCustomersAsync>d__1 Fields: MT Field Offset Type VT Attr Value Name 00007ffd99245448 400002b 50 ...Private.CoreLib]] 1 instance 0000028b0000de60 <>u__1 0:017> !DumpVC /d 00007ffd99245448 0000028b0000de60 Name: System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter`1[[System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable`1[[Example_18_1_1.DAL.Customer, Example_18_1_1]], System.Private.CoreLib]] Fields: MT Field Offset Type VT Attr Value Name 00007ffd99247db8 400139e 0 ...Private.CoreLib]] 0 instance 0000028b00029438 m_task 0:017> !DumpObj /d 0000028b00029438 Name: System.Runtime.CompilerServices.AsyncTaskMethodBuilder`1+AsyncStateMachineBox`1[[System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable`1[[Example_18_1_1.DAL.Customer, Example_18_1_1]], System.Private.CoreLib],[Example_18_1_1.BLL.CustomerService+<GetCustomersForDisplayAsync>d__2, Example_18_1_1]] Fields: MT Field Offset Type VT Attr Value Name 00007ffd99125708 4001337 48 System.__Canon 0 instance 0000028b0000e7f8 StateMachine 0:017> !DumpObj /d 0000028b0000e7f8 Name: Example_18_1_1.BLL.CustomerService+<GetCustomersForDisplayAsync>d__2 00007ffd99245448 400001f 40 ...Private.CoreLib]] 1 instance 0000028b0000e838 <>u__1 0:017> !DumpVC /d 00007ffd99245448 0000028b0000e838 Name: System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter`1[[System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable`1[[Example_18_1_1.DAL.Customer, Example_18_1_1]], System.Private.CoreLib]] Fields: MT Field Offset Type VT Attr Value Name 00007ffd99247db8 400139e 0 ...Private.CoreLib]] 0 instance 0000028b00029338 m_task 0:017> !DumpObj /d 0000028b00029338 Name: System.Runtime.CompilerServices.AsyncTaskMethodBuilder`1+AsyncStateMachineBox`1[[System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable`1[[Example_18_1_1.DAL.Customer, Example_18_1_1]], System.Private.CoreLib],[Example_18_1_1.DAL.CustomerRepository+<GetTop10CustomersAsync>d__2, Example_18_1_1]] MethodTable: 00007ffd993d1e00 EEClass: 00007ffd993c1810 Tracked Type: false Size: 96(0x60) bytes File: C:\Program Files\dotnet\shared\Microsoft.NETCore.App\6.0.36\System.Private.CoreLib.dll Fields: MT Field Offset Type VT Attr Value Name 00007ffd99125708 4001337 48 System.__Canon 0 instance 0000028b0000e870 StateMachine 0:017> !DumpObj /d 0000028b0000e870 Name: Example_18_1_1.DAL.CustomerRepository+<GetTop10CustomersAsync>d__2 Fields: MT Field Offset Type VT Attr Value Name ... 00007ffd992602f0 4000014 60 ...vices.TaskAwaiter 1 instance 0000028b0000e8d0 <>u__1 00007ffd99267a60 4000015 68 ....Data.SqlClient]] 1 instance 0000028b0000e8d8 <>u__2 00007ffd99260450 4000016 70 ...Private.CoreLib]] 1 instance 0000028b0000e8e0 <>u__3 00007ffd99260ae8 4000017 78 ....ValueTaskAwaiter 1 instance 0000028b0000e8e8 <>u__4
4. 有沒(méi)有更快捷的方式
手工繪制雖然是兜底方案,但每次都要這樣搞也確實(shí)太累,所以最近我在思考有沒(méi)有更好的方式,好巧不巧,昨天在知乎上刷到了這樣的一篇文章,hez2010大佬的話突然點(diǎn)醒了我,截圖如下:
哈哈,點(diǎn)醒了我什么呢?即 sos 解析托管代碼的能力遠(yuǎn)不如官方的 Visual Studio
,畢竟后者才是全球最專業(yè)的托管代碼調(diào)試器,將生成好的dump丟到 VS 中,在 Stack 或者 Parallel Stack 中一定要屏蔽 外部代碼(External Code)
,否則海量的 AsyncTaskMethodBuilder 和 MoveNext 會(huì)淹死我們,截圖如下:
三:總結(jié)
手工繪制異步調(diào)用棧需要對(duì)異步的底層構(gòu)建有一個(gè)清晰的認(rèn)識(shí),調(diào)試師是痛苦的,要想進(jìn)階為資深,需要日積月累的底層知識(shí)沉淀,在自我學(xué)習(xí)的過(guò)程中如果沒(méi)有無(wú)數(shù)次的在絕望中尋找希望
的能力,很容易從入門(mén)到放棄。。。
到此這篇關(guān)于如何反向繪制出 .NET程序 異步方法調(diào)用棧的文章就介紹到這了,更多相關(guān).NET程序 異步方法調(diào)用棧內(nèi)容請(qǐng)搜索腳本之家以前的文章或繼續(xù)瀏覽下面的相關(guān)文章希望大家以后多多支持腳本之家!
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