Windows?11?和?Rocky?9?Linux?平臺?MySQL?8.0.33?簡易安裝詳細教程
Windows 11 和 Rocky 9 Linux 初體驗 MySQL8.0.33 簡易安裝教程。
MySQL 8.0 目前最新穩(wěn)定版本已經(jīng)更新到了 MySQL 8.0.33,估計下一個穩(wěn)定版本(大約在今年 7月份)推出。當然,這是我個人根據(jù) MySQL 的發(fā)行注記做出的推測。
本篇總結作為對之前發(fā)出的 MySQL 系列博文 《MySQL8.0.28安裝教程全程參考MySQL官方文檔》補充說明。
注意:如果你想在 MySQL 官網(wǎng)獲取 8.0.29 ,是找不到資源的。因為出現(xiàn)了重大問題,官網(wǎng)直接移除了下載資源。推薦跳過 MySQL 8.0.29,升級到更高的版本或者使用歷史穩(wěn)定版本。
Important
This release is no longer available for download. It was removed due to a critical issue that could cause data in InnoDB
tables having added columns to be interpreted incorrectly. Please upgrade to MySQL 8.0.30 instead.
Windows 平臺安裝 MySQL
Windows install MySQL 8.0.x (Archive zip) 簡易安裝教程
友情提示:從 MySQL 5.7 開始,Archive zip 默認不再提供默認的 my.ini 或者 my.cnf 配置文件,需要手動構建。
注意:x 代表使用 MySQL 8.0 某個具體版本,比如我演示:mysql-8.0.33-winx64.zip。
- 獲取 mysql-8.0.33-winx64.zip:https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-8.0/mysql-8.0.33-winx64.zip
- 解壓免安裝版 MySQL:unzip mysql-8.0.x-winx64.zip
- 切換到 MySQL 解壓目錄:cd mysql-8.0.x-winx64
- 新增 MySQL 配置文件: my.ini,詳細配置可以參考官方文檔,或者安裝 msi 安裝包,復制一份作為參考。
- 初始化 MySQL:
bin\mysqld --initialize-insecure
或者bin\mysqld --initialize-insecure --console
- 注冊 MySQL 服務:
bin\mysqld --install MySQL80
(將 MySQL 服務注冊到 service,可以使用 net 命令進行管理) - 啟動 MySQL 服務:
net start MySQL80
或者sc start MySQL80
- 登錄 MySQL 字符管理界面:mysql -uroot -p
Windows 環(huán)境新建 my.ini 做如下設置,指定基本安裝目錄(basedir)與數(shù)據(jù)存放目錄(datadir)以及端口號(port):
[mysqld] port=3307 basedir=D:\\mysql-8.0.33-winx64 datadir=D:\\mysql-8.0.33-winx64\\data
為了便于演示,我設置 port 端口為 3307 ,登錄時通過參數(shù) -P 指定特定端口號。
復現(xiàn)在網(wǎng)上看到的一個問題,如果出現(xiàn)如下問題,如何解決?
PS D:\mysql-8.0.33-winx64> bin\mysqld –initialize-insecure –console [System] [MY-010116] [Server] D:\mysql-8.0.33-winx64\bin\mysqld.exe (mysqld 8.0.33) starting as process 12860 [Warning] [MY-010091] [Server] Can't create test file D:\mysql-8.0.33-winx64\data\mysqld_tmp_file_case_insensitive_test.lower-test [Warning] [MY-010091] [Server] Can't create test file D:\mysql-8.0.33-winx64\data\mysqld_tmp_file_case_insensitive_test.lower-test [ERROR] [MY-013376] [Server] Failed to set datadir to 'D:\mysql-8.0.33-winx64\data\' (OS errno: 2 - No such file or directory) [ERROR] [MY-010119] [Server] Aborting [System] [MY-010910] [Server] D:\mysql-8.0.33-winx64\bin\mysqld.exe: Shutdown complete (mysqld 8.0.33) MySQL Community Server - GPL.
需要檢查初始化命令參數(shù)是否有缺失:bin\mysqld.exe –initialize-insecure –console,才發(fā)現(xiàn) Windows powershell 中從文檔復制過來的 --
變成了 – 拼接在一起的單橫杠。
注意:注意細節(jié)問題。如果出現(xiàn)初始化 data 目錄失敗,某某文件、目錄無法創(chuàng)建等等問題。有可能是格式顯示問題,復制粘貼參數(shù)時單 - 中橫杠 和 --
雙中橫杠沒有區(qū)分開來,如果放在代碼塊中正常顯示。
如下是示例,初始化 MySQL 方式:
- 密碼隨機:
bin\mysqld --initialize
- 密碼置空:
bin\mysqld --initialize-insecure
- 密碼置空且將信息打印在字符命令行界面上:
bin\mysqld --initialize-insecure --console
bin\mysqld --initialize # 密碼隨機 bin\mysqld --initialize-insecure # 密碼置空 bin\mysqld --initialize-insecure --console # 密碼置空且將信息打印在字符命令行界面上
友情提示:打開 CMD 或者 PowerShell 時,請以管理員身份運行,如果沒有,安裝服務時則會提示權限拒絕,如下所示。
D:\software\mysql-8.0.33-winx64\bin>mysqld --install MySQL80Install/Remove of the Service Denied!
Windows 11 操作系統(tǒng)中安裝 MySQL8.0.33 (noinstall Archive zip) 步驟
使用 Windows 自帶的終端管理工具,打開 PowerShell:
PS D:\work> cd D:\work\mysql-8.0.33-winx64 PS D:\work\mysql-8.0.33-winx64> .\bin\mysqld --initialize-insecure --console 2023-05-21T07:04:03.420220Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] D:\work\mysql-8.0.33-winx64\bin\mysqld.exe (mysqld 8.0.33) initializing of server in progress as process 13344 2023-05-21T07:04:03.465908Z 1 [System] [MY-013576] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has started. 2023-05-21T07:04:03.941998Z 1 [System] [MY-013577] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has ended. 2023-05-21T07:04:05.242589Z 6 [Warning] [MY-010453] [Server] root@localhost is created with an empty password ! Please consider switching off the --initialize-insecure option. D:\work\mysql-8.0.33-winx64>bin\mysqld --install MySQL80 Service successfully installed. D:\work\mysql-8.0.33-winx64>net start MySQL80 MySQL80 服務正在啟動 . MySQL80 服務已經(jīng)啟動成功。 PS D:\work\mysql-8.0.33-winx64> bin\mysql -uroot -p -P 3307 Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 8 Server version: 8.0.33 MySQL Community Server - GPL Copyright (c) 2000, 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql>
初步使用 MySQL
默認登錄:
mysql -uroot -p
指定 ip 地址以及端口號:
mysql -uroot -p -h 192.168.245.133 -P 3307
參數(shù)含義:
- -u:指定用戶名(user)
- -p:指定密碼(password)
- -h:指定主機地址(host)
- -P:指定端口號(port)
PS D:\work\mysql-8.0.33-winx64> bin\mysql -uroot -p -P 3307 Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 8 Server version: 8.0.33 MySQL Community Server - GPL Copyright (c) 2000, 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> select 990 + 8 \G *************************** 1. row *************************** 990 + 8: 998 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> create database study; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) mysql> use study; Database changed mysql> create table books(books_id int primary key,books_name varchar(64),isbn varchar(64),author varchar(33)); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec) mysql> select * from books\G Empty set (0.01 sec) mysql> insert into books(books_id,books_name,isbn,author) values(1001,'絕世武功秘籍','22-90-12345','不詳'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from books\G *************************** 1. row *************************** books_id: 1001 books_name: 絕世武功秘籍 isbn: 22-90-12345 author: 不詳 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
檢查日志文件 :data directory host_name.err file.could not open the mysql.plugin table
711538Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] d:\mysql-8.0.33-winx64\bin\mysqld.exe (mysqld 8.0.33) initializing of server in progress as process 13908 746579Z 1 [System] [MY-013576] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has started. 205845Z 1 [System] [MY-013577] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has ended. 399260Z 6 [Warning] [MY-010453] [Server] root@localhost is created with an empty password ! Please consider switching off the --initialize-insecure option.** 020963Z 0 [System] [MY-010116] [Server] D:\mysql-8.0.33-winx64\bin\mysqld (mysqld 8.0.33) starting as process 13756 038677Z 1 [System] [MY-013576] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has started. 333181Z 1 [System] [MY-013577] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has ended. 552785Z 0 [Warning] [MY-010068] [Server] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed. 553344Z 0 [System] [MY-013602] [Server] Channel mysql_main configured to support TLS. Encrypted connections are now supported for this channel. 583339Z 0 [System] [MY-011333] [Server] X Plugin ready for connections. Bind-address: '::' port: 33360 583379Z 0 [System] [MY-010931] [Server] D:\mysql-8.0.33-winx64\bin\mysqld: ready for connections. Version: '8.0.33' socket: '' port: 3307 MySQL Community Server - GPL. 085937Z 0 [System] [MY-013105] [Server] D:\mysql-8.0.33-winx64\bin\mysqld: Normal shutdown. 812152Z 0 [System] [MY-010910] [Server] D:\mysql-8.0.33-winx64\bin\mysqld: Shutdown complete (mysqld 8.0.33) MySQL Community Server - GPL.
發(fā)現(xiàn)問題:
could not open the mysql.plugin table
嘗試解決問題:
- 檢查配置文件:my.ini
- 分析問題,檢查初始化和安裝服務:
mysqld --initialize
或者mysqld --initialize-insecure --console
- 移除服務:
mysqld --remove MySQL80
- 移除數(shù)據(jù)目錄:data
- 排查問題,再次初始化:
mysqld --initialize
或者mysqld --initialize-insecure --console
- 再次安裝服務:
mysqld --install MySQL80
Linux 平臺 Rocky 9 安裝 MySQL
Rocky 9 Linux 平臺 MySQL 安裝方式:
- yum 源:使用 Linux 發(fā)行版自帶的 yum 工具進行安裝。
- rpm 包安裝:最為簡單,但不靈活,適合初學者使用。
- 二進制包(binary package):編譯好的源碼包,比 rpm 包更靈活。個人認為是安裝多個服務最佳選擇。
- 源碼包(source package):最靈活,可根據(jù)需求編譯安裝功能,難易度最高。
- docker 形式安裝:其實是在容器中安裝。
如下,介紹二進制包、rpm 包、yum 源以及源碼包形式 MySQL 簡易安裝教程。
binary package
01 binary package:使用 Linux 平臺通用的二進制包安裝
獲?。簃ysql-8.0.33-linux-glibc2.28-x86_64.tar.gz
https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-8.0/mysql-8.0.33-linux-glibc2.28-x86_64.tar.gz
解壓:
tar -zxvf mysql-8.0.33-linux-glibc2.28-x86_64.tar.gz
需要安裝依賴包:
dnf install libaio dnf -y install ncurses-compat-libs
如下是詳細安裝步驟:
2.2 Installing MySQL on Unix/Linux Using Generic Binaries
- 創(chuàng)建 mysql 組;
- 創(chuàng)建 mysql 用戶并做軟鏈接;
- 切換到 local 目錄;
- 解壓 tar 包 mysql 文件;
- 創(chuàng)建軟鏈接,full-path-to-mysql-VERSION-OS 是你解壓后 mysql 文件目錄名稱;
- 進入到 mysql 目錄;
- 創(chuàng)建 mysql-files 目錄;
- 賦予 mysql 用戶 mysql-files 所屬目錄與所屬組為 mysql;
- 賦予 mysql-files 權限750;
- 初始化并設置用戶為 mysql,生成隨機密碼會打印在字符界面(使用
--initialize-insecure
則設置空密碼); - 啟動 ssl_rsa 驗證;
- 啟動 MySQL 服務;
- 復制 mysql.server 腳本服務到 Linux 環(huán)境 init.d 目錄,便于管理。
$> groupadd mysql $> useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false mysql $> cd /usr/local $> tar xvf /path/to/mysql-VERSION-OS.tar.xz $> ln -s full-path-to-mysql-VERSION-OS mysql $> cd mysql $> mkdir mysql-files $> chown mysql:mysql mysql-files $> chmod 750 mysql-files $> bin/mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql $> bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup $> bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql & #Next command is optional $> cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql.server
如果在 RHEL 9 中默認沒有安裝 chkconfig,沒有軟連接 /etc/init.d/ 目錄,請安裝 chkconfig 管理工具
dnf -y install chkconfig-1.20-2.el9.x86_64
啟動 MySQL 服務
systemctl start mysql.server
如果使用 systemctl 啟動 MySQL 服務,出現(xiàn)/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql.server:行239: /usr/local/mysql/bin/my_print_defaults
: 權限不夠,Starting MySQL ERROR! Couldn't find MySQL server (/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe)
解決方案,配置 MySQL 環(huán)境變量。補充一點,此處只介紹設置全局生效環(huán)境變量,需要 root 用戶權限,或者使用 sudo 提權。
[root@localhost mysql]# systemctl status mysql ● mysql.server.service - LSB: start and stop MySQL Loaded: loaded (/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql.server; generated) Active: active (exited) since Tue 2023-05-23 16:26:14 CST; 7min ago Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8) CPU: 12ms 5月 23 16:26:14 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting LSB: start and stop MySQL... 5月 23 16:26:14 localhost.localdomain mysql.server[4244]: /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql.server:行239: /usr/local/mysql/bin/my_print_defaults: 權限不夠 5月 23 16:26:14 localhost.localdomain mysql.server[4237]: Starting MySQL ERROR! Couldn't find MySQL server (/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe) 5月 23 16:26:14 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started LSB: start and stop MySQL.
則做如下設置,編輯:vim /etc/profile,需要 root 用戶權限,或者使用 sudo vim /etc/profile:
# mysql home MYSQL_HOME=/usr/local/mysql PATH=$PATH:$MYSQL_HOME/bin export MYSQL_HOME PATH
執(zhí)行 source /etc/profile
或者 sudo source /etc/profile
命令,環(huán)境變量立即生效。
再次查看 MySQL 服務狀態(tài):
[root@localhost mysql]# systemctl status mysql ● mysql.server.service - LSB: start and stop MySQL Loaded: loaded (/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql.server; generated) Active: active (running) since Tue 2023-05-23 16:40:35 CST; 4s ago Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8) Process: 5003 ExecStart=/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql.server start (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Tasks: 39 (limit: 22833) Memory: 370.1M CPU: 765ms CGroup: /system.slice/mysql.server.service ├─5014 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/localhost.localdo> └─5153 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/pl> 5月 23 16:40:34 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting LSB: start and stop MySQL... 5月 23 16:40:35 localhost.localdomain mysql.server[5003]: Starting MySQL. SUCCESS! 5月 23 16:40:35 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started LSB: start and stop MySQL.
設置開機自啟
systemctl enable mysql.server
當然,你還可以通過這種方式啟動與關閉 MySQL 服務:
support-files/mysql.server start Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS! support-files/mysql.server stop Shutting down MySQL. SUCCESS!
使用 mysql.server
腳本,支持 start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload|status
多種命令操作:
- start:啟動服務
- stop:停止服務
- restart:重啟服務
- reload:重載服務
- force-reload:強制重載服務
- status:查看服務狀態(tài)
[root@localhost mysql]# support-files/mysql.server Usage: mysql.server {start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload|status} [ MySQL server options ]
登錄 MySQL 字符命令終端(已經(jīng)配置好環(huán)境變量)
mysql -uroot -p
登錄 MySQL 字符命令終端(沒有環(huán)境變量),切換到部署 MySQL 根目錄,cd /usr/local/mysql
,然后執(zhí)行如下命令:
bin/mysql -uroot -p
修改用戶密碼
ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'Mypwd@123';
創(chuàng)建用戶root,主機地址為localhost
CREATE USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'Mypwd@123';
創(chuàng)建用戶root,主機地址%,匹配所有
CREATE USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'Mypwd@123';
授權root用戶所有權限,即可使遠程登錄
GRANT ALL ON *.* TO 'root'@'localhost' WITH GRANT OPTION;
刷新權限
flush privileges;
更多權限細化設置請參考 MySQL8.0.x 官方文檔第 6 章節(jié) Security。
6.2 Access Control and Account Management
rpm package
02 rpm 包安裝
Rocky 9 Linux 平臺以 rpm 包形式安裝 MySQL8.0.33。
獲取:下載最新版本的 mysql-8.0.33-1.el9.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar,將下面介紹的 rpm 包通過解壓縮軟件提取出來。
tar -xvf mysql-8.0.33-1.el9.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
友情提示:如今有一部分 Linux 發(fā)行版已經(jīng)將 MariaDB 作為默認數(shù)據(jù)庫軟件。如果安裝時勾選了數(shù)據(jù)庫軟件選項,你可能需要卸載 MariaDB 的依賴庫:yum remove mariadb-libs 。
2.5 Installing MySQL on Linux RPM Packages
yum remove mariadb-libs rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.33-1.el9.x86_64.rpm rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-8.0.33-1.el9.x86_64.rpm rpm -ivh mysql-community-icu-data-files-8.0.33-1.el9.x86_64.rpm rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-8.0.33-1.el9.x86_64.rpm dnf -y install openssl-devel-1:3.0.7-6.el9_2.x86_64 rpm -ivh mysql-community-devel-8.0.33-1.el9.x86_64.rpm rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-8.0.33-1.el9.x86_64.rpm rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-8.0.33-1.el9.x86_64.rpm
注意:如果你安裝 mysql-community-devel-8.0.33-1.el9.x86_64.rpm 提示依賴檢測需要 pkgconfig ( openssl ),做如下操作
dnf -y install openssl-devel-1:3.0.7-6.el9_2.x86_64
啟動服務
systemctl start mysqld
設置開機自啟
systemctl enable mysqld
安裝后,默認使用臨時隨機密碼,保存在 /var/log/mysqld.log 文件中
[wzgy@localhost soft]$ sudo grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log 2023-05-21T09:07:15.482313Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: WT(yyZgUB0xd
登錄
mysql -uroot -p
修改 root 用戶密碼
ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'Mypwd@833';
友情提示:密碼組成規(guī)則,必須包含一位大寫字母和特殊符號,且密碼長度不低于 9 位。如果密碼不符合設置規(guī)則,會提醒你當前設置的密碼不安全:
ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements
卸載就比較簡單,可以使用 Rocky 9 Linux 自帶的 dnf 管理工具:
dnf remove mysql dnf remove mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.33-1.el9.x86_64 dnf remove mysql-community-common-8.0.33-1.el9.x86_64 dnf remove mysql-community-icu-data-files-8.0.33-1.el9.x86_64
如果你覺得,使用 rpm 包這樣安裝太繁瑣,尤其是缺乏相關依賴包很頭疼。可以使用發(fā)行版自帶的 yum 或者 dnf 工具快速安裝。
yum 源
03 yum 源安裝
Installing MySQL on Linux Using the MySQL Yum Repository
友情提示:Centos 8(RHEL 8) 或者更高版本可以使用 dnf 替代 yum
1. 下載:mysql80-community-release-el9-1.noarch.rpm click https://repo.mysql.com//mysql80-community-release-el9-1.noarch.rpm 2. $> sudo yum install platform-and-version-specific-package-name.rpm 3. 基于 EL9 系統(tǒng)安裝:$> sudo yum install mysql80-community-release-el9-{version-number}.noarch.rpm 4. 啟動 MySQL Server:$> systemctl start mysqld 5. 檢測 MySQL Server:$> systemctl status mysqld 6. 登錄 mysql:$> mysql -uroot -p 7. 修改密碼:$> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'MyNewPwd833!';
source package
04 Source:源碼包安裝
2.9 Installing MySQL from Source
- 新增 mysql 管理組
- 新增 mysql 用戶
- 解壓 mysql 安裝包
- 創(chuàng)建 bld 目錄
- 切換到 bld 目錄
- 編譯安裝:cmake .. make make install
- 進入源碼包安裝后的 mysql 目錄
- 創(chuàng)建目錄 mysql-files
- 賦予 mysql-files 目錄所屬組和所屬用戶為 mysql
- 賦予 mysql-files 目錄 750 權限
- 執(zhí)行安全命令:
bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup
- 啟動 mysql 服務:
bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &
- 復制 mysql.server 腳本服務到 Linux 環(huán)境 init.d 目錄,便于管理
簡易安裝命令參考如下:
#Preconfiguration setup $> groupadd mysql $> useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false mysql #Beginning of source-build specific instructions $> tar zxvf mysql-VERSION.tar.gz $> cd mysql-VERSION $> mkdir bld $> cd bld $> cmake .. $> make $> make install #End of source-build specific instructions #Postinstallation setup $> cd /usr/local/mysql $> mkdir mysql-files $> chown mysql:mysql mysql-files $> chmod 750 mysql-files $> bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql $> bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup $> bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql & #Next command is optional $> cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql.server
啟動服務
systemctl start mysql.server
設置開機自啟
systemctl enable mysql.server
登錄
mysql -uroot -p
以上總結,僅供參考喲!希望對你的學習或者工作幫助。
參考資料:
MySQL 官方文檔第二章節(jié): Chapter 2 Installing and Upgrading MySQL
MySQL8.0.x 官方文檔第 6 章節(jié) Security: 6.2 Access Control and Account Management
到此這篇關于Windows 11 和 Rocky 9 Linux 平臺 MySQL 8.0.33 簡易安裝教程的文章就介紹到這了,更多相關MySQL 8.0.33 安裝教程內容請搜索腳本之家以前的文章或繼續(xù)瀏覽下面的相關文章希望大家以后多多支持腳本之家!
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