SQL?Server數(shù)據(jù)庫入門教程之多表查詢
SQL_Server的前情介紹
??大家好呀,今天是我第三次寫sql_server,也是最近才學(xué)習(xí)sql_server,也想著記錄一下自己的學(xué)習(xí)過程,并且分享給大家尼!
一、sql_server技術(shù)介紹
SQL Server 是由微軟公司(Microsoft)開發(fā)的關(guān)系型數(shù)(RDBMS)。RDBMS 是 SQL 以及所有現(xiàn)代數(shù)據(jù)庫系統(tǒng)的基礎(chǔ),比如 MS SQL Server,IBM DB2,Oracle,MySQL 以及微軟的 Microsoft Access。
二、學(xué)習(xí)前的準(zhǔn)備工作
編程軟件:SQL Server Management Studio 2012
帶好你的小板凳,我們一起揚帆起航!
SQL_Server之多表查詢
笛卡爾乘積的講解
在數(shù)據(jù)庫中有一種叫笛卡爾乘積其語法如下:
select * from People,Department
此查詢結(jié)果會將People表的所有數(shù)據(jù)和Department表的所有數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行依次排列組合形成新的記錄。例如People表有10條記錄,Department表有3條記錄,則排列組合之后查詢結(jié)果會有10*3=30條記錄.
多表查詢
接下來我們來看幾個例子吧!
1.查詢員工信息,顯示部門信息
select * from People,department where People.DepartmentId = department.DepartmentId
2.查詢員工信息,顯示職級名稱
select * from People,s_rank where People.RankId = s_rank.RankId
3.查詢員工信息,顯示部門名稱,顯示職級名稱
select * from People,department,s_rank where People.departmentId = department.DepartmentId and People.RankId = s_rank.RankId
內(nèi)連接查詢
在數(shù)據(jù)庫的查詢過程中,存在有內(nèi)連接查詢,這個時候,我們就需要用到inner這個關(guān)鍵字,下面我們來看幾個例子吧!
1.查詢員工信息,顯示部門信息
select * from People inner join department on People.departmentId = department.DepartmentId
2.查詢員工信息,顯示職級名稱
select * from People inner join s_rank on People.RankId = s_rank.RankId
3.查詢員工信息,顯示部門名稱,顯示職級名稱
select * from People inner join department on People.departmentId = department.DepartmentId inner join s_rank on People.RankId = s_rank.RankId
外連接查詢(左外連,右外連,全外連)
1.查詢員工信息,顯示部門信息(左外連)
select * from People left join department on People.departmentId = department.DepartmentId
2.查詢員工信息,顯示職級名稱(左外接)
select * from People left join s_rank on People.RankId = s_rank.RankId
3.查詢員工信息,顯示部門名稱,顯示職級名稱(左外連)
select * from People left join department on People.departmentId = department.DepartmentId inner join s_rank on People.RankId = s_rank.RankId
4.右外連
A left join B = B right join A
select * from People right join department on People.departmentId = department.DepartmentId
全外連查詢(無論是否符合關(guān)系,都要顯示數(shù)據(jù))
1.select * from People full join department on People.departmentId = department.DepartmentId
多表查詢的主要例子
1.查詢出武漢地區(qū)所有的員工信息,要求顯示部門名稱,以及員工的詳細(xì)資料(顯示中文別名)
select PeopleId 員工編號,DepartmentName 部門名稱,PeopleName 員工姓名,PeopleSex 員工性別, PeopleBirth 員工生日,PeoPleSalary 月薪,PeoplePhone 電話,PeopleAddress 地址 from People,department where People.departmentId = department.DepartmentId
2.查詢出武漢地區(qū)所有員工的信息,要求顯示部門名稱,職級名稱以及員工的詳細(xì)資料
select PeopleId 員工編號,DepartmentName 部門名稱,RankName 職級名稱, PeopleName 員工姓名,PeopleSex 員工性別, PeopleBirth 員工生日,PeoPleSalary 月薪,PeoplePhone 電話,PeopleAddress 地址 from People,department,s_rank where People.departmentId = department.DepartmentId and People.RankId = s_rank.RankId and PeopleAddress = '武漢'
3.根據(jù)部門分組統(tǒng)計員工人數(shù),員工工資總和,平均工資,最高工資和最低工資
select DepartmentName 部門名稱, count(*) 員工人數(shù),sum(PeopleSalary) 工資總和,avg(PeopleSalary) 平均工資,max(PeopleSalary) 最高工資,min(PeopleSalary) 最低工資 from People,department where People.departmentId = department.DepartmentId group by department.DepartmentId,DepartmentName
4.根據(jù)部門分組統(tǒng)計員工人數(shù),員工工資總和,平均工資,最高工資和最低工資平均工資在10000元以下的不參與排序。根據(jù)平均工資降序排序
select DepartmentName 部門名稱, count(*) 員工人數(shù),sum(PeopleSalary) 工資總和,avg(PeopleSalary) 平均工資,max(PeopleSalary) 最高工資,min(PeopleSalary) 最低工資 from People,department where People.departmentId = department.DepartmentId group by department.DepartmentId,DepartmentName having avg(PeopleSalary) >= 15000 order by avg(PeopleSalary) desc
5.根據(jù)部門名稱,然后根據(jù)職位名稱分組,統(tǒng)計員工人數(shù),員工工資總和
平均工資,最高工資,和最低工資
select DepartmentName 部門名稱,RankName 職級名稱, count(*) 員工人數(shù),sum(PeopleSalary) 工資總和,avg(PeopleSalary) 平均工資,max(PeopleSalary) 最高工資,min(PeopleSalary) 最低工資 from People,department,s_rank where People.departmentId = department.DepartmentId and People.RankId = s_rank.RankId group by department.DepartmentId,DepartmentName,s_rank.RankId,s_rank.RankName
如何鞏固學(xué)習(xí)
提示:在學(xué)習(xí)的過程中,我們需要先自行進(jìn)行思考,而不是一遇到不會的就放棄思考直接看答案,如果最后遇到真的不會的題目,我們可以適當(dāng)?shù)倪M(jìn)行觀看答案,看自己的思路是否正確,在作出正確的判斷
總結(jié)
到此這篇關(guān)于SQL Server數(shù)據(jù)庫入門教程之多表查詢的文章就介紹到這了,更多相關(guān)SQLServer多表查詢內(nèi)容請搜索腳本之家以前的文章或繼續(xù)瀏覽下面的相關(guān)文章希望大家以后多多支持腳本之家!
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