Mysql的MHA高可用及故障切換問題小結(jié)
Mysql的MHA高可用及故障切換
MHA
master high availability
建立在主從復(fù)制基礎(chǔ)之上的故障切換的軟件系統(tǒng)。
主從復(fù)制的單點(diǎn)問題
當(dāng)主從復(fù)制當(dāng)中,主服務(wù)器發(fā)生故障,會自動切換到一臺從服務(wù)器,然后把從服務(wù)器升格為主,繼續(xù)主從的架構(gòu)
- master開啟二進(jìn)制日志,并允許從節(jié)點(diǎn)復(fù)制主節(jié)點(diǎn)的二進(jìn)制日志的內(nèi)容
- 通過vip地址,當(dāng)主容機(jī)之后,vip會自動的飄移到從節(jié)點(diǎn)。
- 從節(jié)點(diǎn)升級為主服務(wù)器,然后從宕機(jī)的master保存二進(jìn)制日志,將更新的內(nèi)容同步到新主,然后再同步到從節(jié)點(diǎn)。
配置
mysql1 192.168.246.6 主
mysql2 192.168.246.7 從1----主備
mysql3 192.168.246.10 從2
manager節(jié)點(diǎn):u3 192.168.246.9 MHA的組件
vip 192.168.246.100
1. 主從復(fù)制
ntpdate ntp.aliyun.com #時(shí)間同步 vim /etc/my.cnf #主 log-bin=master-bin binlog_format=MIXED log-slave-updates=true relay_log_recovery=1 #啟用從庫崩潰或者重啟時(shí),會自動嘗試從日志當(dāng)中恢復(fù)。 #從1 server-id = 2 log-bin=master-bin relay-log=relay-log-bin relay-log-index=slave-relay-bin.index relay_log_recovery = 1 #從2 server-id = 3 relay-log=relay-log-bin relay-log-index=slave-relay-bin.index relay_log_recovery = 1 #主從 mysql -u root -p123456 #從數(shù)據(jù)庫同步使用 CREATE USER 'myslave'@'192.168.246.%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '123456'; GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'myslave'@'192.168.246.%'; #manager 使用 CREATE USER 'mha'@'192.168.246.%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'manager'; GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'mha'@'192.168.246.%' WITH GRANT OPTION; #防止從庫通過主機(jī)名連接不上主庫 CREATE USER 'mha'@'master' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'manager'; GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'mha'@'master'; CREATE USER 'mha'@'slave1' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'manager'; GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'mha'@'slave1'; CREATE USER 'mha'@'slave2' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'manager'; GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'mha'@'slave2'; flush privileges; #主 show master status;
#從1 從2 mysql -u root -p123456 #同步建立 CHANGE master to master_host='192.168.246.6',master_user='myslave',master_password='123456',master_log_file='master-bin.000001',master_log_pos=157; start slave; show slave status\G;
#從庫必須全部設(shè)置為只讀模式 set global read_only=1;
2. MHA高可用
安裝MHA的組件
- NODE :監(jiān)控每臺機(jī)器上mysql的狀態(tài),傳回給manager
- MANAGER:管理節(jié)點(diǎn),控制mha的狀態(tài)。
#每個(gè)服務(wù)器都需要安裝MHA依賴的環(huán)境 apt install -y libdbd-mysql-perl \ libconfig-tiny-perl \ liblog-dispatch-perl \ libparallel-forkmanager-perl \ libextutils-cbuilder-perl \ libmodule-install-perl \ make #在MHA的manager節(jié)點(diǎn)上安裝manager組件 cd /opt tar -xf mha4mysql-manager-0.57.tar.gz cd mha4mysql-manager-0.57 perl Makefile.PL make && make install
cd /opt tar -xf mha4mysql-node-0.57.tar.gz cd mha4mysql-node-0.57 perl Makefile.PL make && make install
#組件安裝后在/usr/local/bin 下面會生成幾個(gè)工具 masterha_check_ssh : 檢查mha節(jié)點(diǎn)之間ssh的配置和通信 masterha_manager: manager的啟動腳本 masterha_check_status: 檢查mha的運(yùn)行狀態(tài) masterha_stop:關(guān)閉manager masterha_master_switch: 控制故障轉(zhuǎn)移的方式 ave_binary_logs: 檢查,保存,復(fù)制master節(jié)點(diǎn)的二進(jìn)制日志 apply_diff_relay_logs: 識別二進(jìn)制日志當(dāng)中的差異部分,把差異的部分同步到slave
配置無密碼認(rèn)證
#配置所有節(jié)點(diǎn)之間的MHA的ssh的通信 #manager節(jié)點(diǎn) ssh-keygen -t rsa 回車 ssh-copy-id 192.168.246.6 ssh-copy-id 192.168.246.7 ssh-copy-id 192.168.246.10 #主 ssh-keygen -t rsa 回車 ssh-copy-id 192.168.246.7 ssh-copy-id 192.168.246.10 #從 ssh-keygen -t rsa 回車 ssh-copy-id 192.168.246.6 ssh-copy-id 192.168.246.10
manager節(jié)點(diǎn)配置
root@u3:/usr/local/bin# cd /opt/mha4mysql-manager-0.57/samples/ root@u3:/opt/mha4mysql-manager-0.57/samples# cp -rp /opt/mha4mysql-manager-0.57/samples/scripts /usr/local/bin root@u3:/opt/mha4mysql-manager-0.57/samples# cp /usr/local/bin/scripts/master_ip_failover /usr/local/bin/ root@u3:/opt/mha4mysql-manager-0.57/samples# vim /usr/local/bin/master_ip_failover #刪除全部,復(fù)制以下代碼
#!/usr/bin/env perl use strict; use warnings FATAL => 'all'; use Getopt::Long; my ( $command, $ssh_user, $orig_master_host, $orig_master_ip, $orig_master_port, $new_master_host, $new_master_ip, $new_master_port ); my $vip = '192.168.233.100'; my $brdc = '192.168.233.255'; my $ifdev = 'ens33'; my $key = '1'; my $ssh_start_vip = "/sbin/ifconfig ens33:$key $vip"; my $ssh_stop_vip = "/sbin/ifconfig ens33:$key down"; my $exit_code = 0; GetOptions( 'command=s' => \$command, 'ssh_user=s' => \$ssh_user, 'orig_master_host=s' => \$orig_master_host, 'orig_master_ip=s' => \$orig_master_ip, 'orig_master_port=i' => \$orig_master_port, 'new_master_host=s' => \$new_master_host, 'new_master_ip=s' => \$new_master_ip, 'new_master_port=i' => \$new_master_port, ); exit &main(); sub main { print "\n\nIN SCRIPT TEST====$ssh_stop_vip==$ssh_start_vip===\n\n"; if ( $command eq "stop" || $command eq "stopssh" ) { my $exit_code = 1; eval { print "Disabling the VIP on old master: $orig_master_host \n"; &stop_vip(); $exit_code = 0; }; if ($@) { warn "Got Error: $@\n"; exit $exit_code; } exit $exit_code; } elsif ( $command eq "start" ) { my $exit_code = 10; eval { print "Enabling the VIP - $vip on the new master - $new_master_host \n"; &start_vip(); $exit_code = 0; }; if ($@) { warn $@; exit $exit_code; } exit $exit_code; } elsif ( $command eq "status" ) { print "Checking the Status of the script.. OK \n"; exit 0; } else { &usage(); exit 1; } } sub start_vip() { `ssh $ssh_user\@$new_master_host \" $ssh_start_vip \"`; } ### A simple system call that disable the VIP on the old_master sub stop_vip() { `ssh $ssh_user\@$orig_master_host \" $ssh_stop_vip \"`; } sub usage { print "Usage: master_ip_failover --command=start|stop|stopssh|status --orig_master_host=host --orig_master_ip=ip --orig_master_port=port --new_master_host=host --new_master_ip=ip --new_master_port=port\n"; }
root@u3:/opt/mha4mysql-manager-0.57/samples# mkdir /etc/masterha root@u3:/opt/mha4mysql-manager-0.57/samples# ls conf scripts root@u3:/opt/mha4mysql-manager-0.57/samples# cd conf/ root@u3:/opt/mha4mysql-manager-0.57/samples/conf# ls app1.cnf masterha_default.cnf root@u3:/opt/mha4mysql-manager-0.57/samples/conf# cp /opt/mha4mysql-manager-0.57/samples/conf/app1.cnf /etc/masterha/ root@u3:/opt/mha4mysql-manager-0.57/samples/conf# vim /etc/masterha/app1.cnf #復(fù)制以下代碼,需要清除注釋
[server default] manager_log=/var/log/masterha/app1/manager.log manager_workdir=/var/log/masterha/app1 master_binlog_dir=/usr/local/mysql/data #指向到myql的默認(rèn)位置 master_ip_failover_script=/usr/local/bin/master_ip_failover #切換vip的腳本 master_ip_online_change_script=/usr/local/bin/master_ip_online_change password=manager ping_interval=1 #每一秒檢測一次主的狀態(tài) remote_workdir=/tmp repl_password=123456 repl_user=myslave secondary_check_script=/usr/local/bin/masterha_secondary_check -s 192.168.246.7 -s 192.168.246.10 #從對主監(jiān)聽 shutdown_script="" ssh_user=root user=mha [server1] hostname=192.168.246.6 #主服務(wù)器 port=3306 [server2] candidate_master=1 #聲明server2備服務(wù)器 check_repl_delay=0 #立刻切換 hostname=192.168.246.7 #備用主服務(wù)器 port=3306 [server3] hostname=192.168.246.10 #從服務(wù)器2 port=3306
root@u3:/opt/mha4mysql-manager-0.57/samples/conf# vim /usr/local/share/perl/5.34.0/MHA/NodeUtil.pm #192行修改添加 $str =~ /(\d+)\.(\d+)/; my $strmajor = "$1.$2"; my $result = sprintf( '%03d%03d', $1, $2 ) if $str =~ m/(\d+)\.(\d+)/;
#主需要手動開啟虛擬IP ifconfig ens33:1 192.168.246.100/24 #主從設(shè)置軟連接 ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql /usr/sbin/ ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqlbinlog /usr/sbin/
manager節(jié)點(diǎn)上測試
#測試ssh無密碼認(rèn)證,如果正常最后會輸出為successfully
masterha_check_ssh -conf=/etc/masterha/app1.cnf
#測試mysql主從連接情況,最后出現(xiàn)is OK字樣則正常。
masterha_check_repl -conf=/etc/masterha/app1.cnf
啟動連接
#manager節(jié)點(diǎn)上 nohup masterha_manager --conf=/etc/masterha/app1.cnf --remove_dead_master_conf --ignore_last_failover < /dev/null > /var/log/masterha/app1/manager.log 2>&1 & #nohup:執(zhí)行記錄,把執(zhí)行記錄保存到指定的文件。 #檢查master節(jié)點(diǎn) root@u3:~# masterha_check_status --conf=/etc/masterha/app1.cnf app1 (pid:4171) is running(0:PING_OK), master:192.168.246.6
#客戶端 apt -y install mariadb-server #用vip連接 mysql -h 192.168.246.100 -u root -p123456 MySQL [(none)]> create database test1; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.139 sec) MySQL [(none)]> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | sys | | test1 | +--------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.004 sec)
故障切換模擬
#manager節(jié)點(diǎn)打開日志 tail -f /var/log/masterha/app1/manager.log #停止mha master_stop --conf=/etc/masterha/appl.cnf #主 systemctl stop mysqld #從1 ip addr
恢復(fù)
#manager節(jié)點(diǎn) vim /etc/masterha/app1.cnf
原來的主自動刪除了
修改并添加如下圖的內(nèi)容
#原來的主 vim /etc/my.cnf log-bin=master-bin binlog_format=MIXED relay-log=relay-log-bin relay-log-index=slave-relay-bin.index relay_log_recovery=1 systemctl restart mysqld #從1 server-id = 2 log-bin=master-bin log-slave-updates=true relay-log=relay-log-bin relay-log-index=slave-relay-bin.index relay_log_recovery = 1 mysql -u root -p123456 show master status;
原主與從2 CHANGE master to master_host='192.168.246.7',master_user='myslave',master_password='123456',master_log_file='master-bin.000001',master_log_pos=352; start slave; show slave status\G;
#客戶端 root@u4:~# mysql -h 192.168.246.100 -u root -p123456 Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 17 Server version: 8.0.30 MySQL Community Server - GPL Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. MySQL [(none)]> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | sys | | test1 | +--------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.004 sec) 4 rows in set (0.013 sec) MySQL [(none)]> create database test2; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.139 sec) MySQL [(none)]> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | sys | | test1 | +--------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.004 sec)
到此這篇關(guān)于Mysql的MHA高可用及故障切換的文章就介紹到這了,更多相關(guān)mysql mha高可用內(nèi)容請搜索腳本之家以前的文章或繼續(xù)瀏覽下面的相關(guān)文章希望大家以后多多支持腳本之家!
相關(guān)文章
獲取MySQL數(shù)據(jù)表列信息的三種方法實(shí)現(xiàn)
本文介紹了獲取MySQL數(shù)據(jù)表列信息的三種方法實(shí)現(xiàn),包含SHOWCOLUMNS命令、DESCRIBE命令以及查詢INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS表,具有一定的參考價(jià)值,感興趣的可以了解一下2024-12-12MySQL select、insert、update批量操作語句代碼實(shí)例
這篇文章主要介紹了MySQL select、insert、update批量操作語句代碼實(shí)例,文中通過示例代碼介紹的非常詳細(xì),對大家的學(xué)習(xí)或者工作具有一定的參考學(xué)習(xí)價(jià)值,需要的朋友可以參考下2020-03-03MySQL綠色版設(shè)置編碼以及1067錯(cuò)誤詳解
這篇文章主要介紹了MySQL綠色版設(shè)置編碼,以及1067錯(cuò)誤的相關(guān)資料,需要的朋友可以參考下2017-05-05