Java實(shí)現(xiàn)非阻塞式服務(wù)器的示例代碼

更新時(shí)間：2023年05月21日 08:46:51 作者：低吟不作語

這篇文章主要為大家詳細(xì)介紹了如何利用Java實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的非阻塞式服務(wù)器，文中的示例代碼講解詳細(xì)，具有一定的學(xué)習(xí)價(jià)值，需要的可以參考一下

1.創(chuàng)建阻塞的服務(wù)器

當(dāng) ServerSocketChannel 與 SockelChannel 采用默認(rèn)的阻塞模式時(shí)，為了同時(shí)處理多個(gè)客戶的連接，必須使用多線程

public class EchoServer {
	private int port = 8000;
    private ServerSocketChannel serverSocketChannel = null;
    private ExecutorService executorService; //線程池
    private static final int POOL_MULTIPLE = 4; //線程池中工作線程的數(shù)目
    public EchoServer() throws IOException {
        //創(chuàng)建一個(gè)線程池
        executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(
            Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors() * POOL_MULTIPLE);
        //創(chuàng)建一個(gè)ServerSocketChannel對(duì)象
        serverSocketChannel = ServerSocketChannel.open();
        //使得在同一個(gè)主機(jī)上關(guān)閉了服務(wù)器程序，緊接著再啟動(dòng)該服務(wù)器程序時(shí)，可以順利綁定相同的端口
        serverSocketChannel.socket().setReuseAddress(true);
        //把服務(wù)器進(jìn)程與一個(gè)本地端口綁定
        serverSocketChannel.socket().bind(new InetSocketAddress(port));
        System.out.println("服務(wù)器啟動(dòng)");
    }
    public void service() {
        while (true) {
            SocketChannel socketChannel = null;
            try {
                socketChannel = serverSocketChannel.accept();
                //處理客戶連接
                executorService.execute(new Handler(socketChannel));
            } catch(IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
    public static void main(String args[])throws IOException {
        new EchoServer().service();
    }
    //處理客戶連按
    class Handler implements Runnable {
        private SocketChannel socketChannel;
        public Handler(SocketChannel socketChannel) {
            this.socketChannel = socketChannel;
        }
        public void run() {
            handle(socketChannel);
        }
        public void handle(SocketChannel socketChannel) {
            try {
                //獲得與socketChannel關(guān)聯(lián)的Socket對(duì)象
                Socket socket = socketChannel.socket();
                System.out.println("接收到客戶連接，來自:" + socket.getInetAddress() + ":" + socket.getPort());
                BufferedReader br = getReader(socket);
                PrintWriter pw = getWriter(socket);
                String msg = null;
                while ((msg = br.readLine()) != null) {
                    System.out.println(msg);
                    pw.println(echo(msg));
                    if (msg.equals("bye")) {
                        break;
                    }
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } finally {
                try {
                    if(socketChannel != null) {
                        socketChannel.close();
                    } catch (IOException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    } 
    private PrintWriter getWriter(Socket socket) throws IOException {
        OutputStream socketOut = socket.getOutputStream();
        return new PrintWriter(socketOut,true);
    }
    private BufferedReader getReader(Socket socket) throws IOException {
        InputStream socketIn = socket.getInputStream();
        return new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socketIn));
    }
    public String echo(String msg) {
        return "echo:" + msg;
    }
}

2.創(chuàng)建非阻塞的服務(wù)器

在非阻塞模式下，EchoServer 只需要啟動(dòng)一個(gè)主線程，就能同時(shí)處理三件事：

接收客戶的連接
接收客戶發(fā)送的數(shù)據(jù)
向客戶發(fā)回響應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù)

EchoServer 委托 Selector 來負(fù)責(zé)監(jiān)控接收連接就緒事件、讀就緒事件和寫就緒事件如果有特定事件發(fā)生，就處理該事件

// 創(chuàng)建一個(gè)Selector對(duì)象
selector = Selector.open();
//創(chuàng)建一個(gè)ServerSocketChannel對(duì)象
serverSocketChannel = ServerSocketChannel.open();
//使得在同一個(gè)主機(jī)上關(guān)閉了服務(wù)器程序，緊接著再啟動(dòng)該服務(wù)器程序時(shí)
//可以順利綁定到相同的端口
serverSocketChannel.socket().setReuseAddress(true);
//使ServerSocketChannel工作于非阻塞模式
serverSocketChannel.configureBlocking(false):
//把服務(wù)器進(jìn)程與一個(gè)本地端口綁定
serverSocketChannelsocket().bind(new InetSocketAddress(port));

EchoServer 類的 service() 方法負(fù)責(zé)處理本節(jié)開頭所說的三件事，體現(xiàn)其主要流程的代碼如下：

public void service() throws IOException {
    serverSocketChannel.reqister(selector, SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT);
    //第1層while循環(huán)
    while(selector.select() > 0) {
        //獲得Selector的selected-keys集合
        Set readyKeys = selector.selectedKeys();
        Iterator it = readyKeys.iterator();
        //第2層while循環(huán)
        while (it.hasNext()) {
            SelectionKey key = null;
            //處理SelectionKey
            try {
                //取出一個(gè)SelectionKey
                key = (SelectionKey) it.next();
                //把 SelectionKey從Selector 的selected-key 集合中刪除
                it.remove();
                1f (key.isAcceptable()) { 處理接收連接就緒事件; }
                if (key.isReadable()) { 處理讀就緒水件; }
                if (key.isWritable()) { 處理寫就緒事件; }
            } catch(IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
                try {
                    if(key != null) {
                        //使這個(gè)SelectionKey失效
                        key.cancel();
                        //關(guān)閉與這個(gè)SelectionKey關(guān)聯(lián)的SocketChannel
                        key.channel().close();
                    }
                } catch(Exception ex) { 
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

首先由 ServerSocketChannel 向 Selector 注冊(cè)接收連接就緒事件，如果 Selector 監(jiān)控到該事件發(fā)生,就會(huì)把相應(yīng)的 SelectionKey 對(duì)象加入 selected-keys 集合
第一層 while 循環(huán)，不斷詢問 Selector 已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事件，select() 方法返回當(dāng)前相關(guān)事件已經(jīng)發(fā)生的 SelectionKey 的個(gè)數(shù)，如果當(dāng)前沒有任何事件發(fā)生，該方法會(huì)阻塞下去，直到至少有一個(gè)事件發(fā)生。Selector 的 selectedKeys() 方法返回 selected-keys 集合，它存放了相關(guān)事件已經(jīng)發(fā)生的 SelectionKey 對(duì)象
第二層 while 循環(huán)，從 selected-keys 集合中依次取出每個(gè) SelectionKey 對(duì)象并從集合中刪除，，然后調(diào)用 isAcceptable()、isReadable() 和 isWritable() 方法判斷到底是哪種事件發(fā)生了，從而做出相應(yīng)的處理

2.1處理接收連接就緒事件

if (key.isAcceptable()) {
    //獲得與SelectionKey關(guān)聯(lián)的ServerSocketChannel
    ServerSocketChannel ssc = (ServerSocketChannel) key.channel();
    //獲得與客戶連接的SocketChannel
    SocketChannel socketChannel = (SocketChannel) ssc.accept();
    //把Socketchannel設(shè)置為非阻塞模式
    socketChannel.configureBlocking(false);
    //創(chuàng)建一個(gè)用于存放用戶發(fā)送來的數(shù)據(jù)的級(jí)沖區(qū)
    ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
    //Socketchannel向Selector注冊(cè)讀就緒事件和寫就緒事件
    socketChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_READ | SelectionKey.OP_WRITE, buffer);
}

2.2處理讀就緒事件

public void receive(SelectionKey key) throws IOException {
    //獲得與SelectionKey關(guān)聯(lián)的附件
    ByteBuffer buffer = (ByteBuffer) key.attachment();
    //獲得與SelectionKey關(guān)聯(lián)的Socketchannel
    SocketChannel socketChannel = (SocketChannel)key.channel();
    //創(chuàng)建一個(gè)ByteBuffer用于存放讀到的數(shù)據(jù)
    ByteBuffer readBuff = ByteBuffer.allocate(32);
    socketChannel.read(readBuff);
    readBuff.flip();
    //把buffer的極限設(shè)為容量
    buffer.limit(buffer.capacity());
    //把readBuff中的內(nèi)容拷貝到buffer
    buffer.put(readBuff);
}

2.3處理寫就緒事件

public void send(SelectionKey key) throws IOException {
    //獲得與SelectionKey關(guān)聯(lián)的ByteBuffer
    ByteBuffer buffer = (ByteBuffer) key.attachment();
    //獲得與SelectionKey關(guān)聯(lián)的SocketChannel
    SocketChannel socketChannel = (SocketChannel) key.channel();
    buffer.flip();
    //按照GBK編碼把buffer中的字節(jié)轉(zhuǎn)換為字符串
    String data = decode(buffer);
    //如果還沒有讀到一行數(shù)據(jù)就返回
    if(data.indexOf("\r\n") == -1)
        return;
    //截取一行數(shù)據(jù)
    String outputData = data.substring(0, data.indexOf("\n") + 1);
    //把輸出的字符串按照GBK編碼轉(zhuǎn)換為字節(jié)，把它放在outputBuffer中
    ByteBuffer outputBuffer = encode("echo:" + outputData);
    //輸出outputBuffer的所有字節(jié)
    while(outputBuffer,hasRemaining())
        socketChannel.write(outputBuffer);
    //把outputData字符審按照GBK編碼，轉(zhuǎn)換為字節(jié)，把它放在ByteBuffer
    ByteBuffer temp = encode(outputData);
    //把buffer的位置設(shè)為temp的極限
    buffer.position(temp.limit()):
    //刪除buffer已經(jīng)處理的數(shù)據(jù)
    buffer.compact();
    //如果已經(jīng)輸出了字符串“bye\r\n”，就使SelectionKey失效，并關(guān)閉SocketChannel
    if(outputData.equals("bye\r\n")) {
        key.cancel();
        socketChannel.close();
    }
}

完整代碼如下：

public class EchoServer {
	private int port = 8000;
    private ServerSocketChannel serverSocketChannel = null;
    private Selector selector;
    private Charset charset = Charset.forName("GBK");
	public EchoServer() throws IOException {
        // 創(chuàng)建一個(gè)Selector對(duì)象
        selector = Selector.open();
        //創(chuàng)建一個(gè)ServerSocketChannel對(duì)象
        serverSocketChannel = ServerSocketChannel.open();
        //使得在同一個(gè)主機(jī)上關(guān)閉了服務(wù)器程序，緊接著再啟動(dòng)該服務(wù)器程序時(shí)
        //可以順利綁定到相同的端口
        serverSocketChannel.socket().setReuseAddress(true);
        //使ServerSocketChannel工作于非阻塞模式
        serverSocketChannel.configureBlocking(false):
        //把服務(wù)器進(jìn)程與一個(gè)本地端口綁定
        serverSocketChannelsocket().bind(new InetSocketAddress(port));
    }
    public void service() throws IOException {
        serverSocketChannel.reqister(selector, SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT);
        //第1層while循環(huán)
        while(selector.select() > 0) {
            //獲得Selector的selected-keys集合
            Set readyKeys = selector.selectedKeys();
            Iterator it = readyKeys.iterator();
            //第2層while循環(huán)
            while (it.hasNext()) {
                SelectionKey key = null;
                //處理SelectionKey
                try {
                    //取出一個(gè)SelectionKey
                    key = (SelectionKey) it.next();
                    //把 SelectionKey從Selector 的selected-key 集合中刪除
                    it.remove();
                    1f (key.isAcceptable()) {
                         //獲得與SelectionKey關(guān)聯(lián)的ServerSocketChannel
                        ServerSocketChannel ssc = (ServerSocketChannel) key.channel();
                        //獲得與客戶連接的SocketChannel
                        SocketChannel socketChannel = (SocketChannel) ssc.accept();
                        //把Socketchannel設(shè)置為非阻塞模式
                        socketChannel.configureBlocking(false);
                        //創(chuàng)建一個(gè)用于存放用戶發(fā)送來的數(shù)據(jù)的級(jí)沖區(qū)
                        ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
                        //Socketchannel向Selector注冊(cè)讀就緒事件和寫就緒事件
                        socketChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_READ | SelectionKey.OP_WRITE, buffer);
                    }
                    if (key.isReadable()) { receive(key); }
                    if (key.isWritable()) { send(key); }
                } catch(IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                    try {
                        if(key != null) {
                            //使這個(gè)SelectionKey失效
                            key.cancel();
                            //關(guān)閉與這個(gè)SelectionKey關(guān)聯(lián)的SocketChannel
                            key.channel().close();
                        }
                    } catch(Exception ex) { 
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    public void receive(SelectionKey key) throws IOException {
        //獲得與SelectionKey關(guān)聯(lián)的附件
        ByteBuffer buffer = (ByteBuffer) key.attachment();
        //獲得與SelectionKey關(guān)聯(lián)的Socketchannel
        SocketChannel socketChannel = (SocketChannel)key.channel();
        //創(chuàng)建一個(gè)ByteBuffer用于存放讀到的數(shù)據(jù)
        ByteBuffer readBuff = ByteBuffer.allocate(32);
        socketChannel.read(readBuff);
        readBuff.flip();
        //把buffer的極限設(shè)為容量
        buffer.limit(buffer.capacity());
        //把readBuff中的內(nèi)容拷貝到buffer
        buffer.put(readBuff);
    }
    public void send(SelectionKey key) throws IOException {
        //獲得與SelectionKey關(guān)聯(lián)的ByteBuffer
        ByteBuffer buffer = (ByteBuffer) key.attachment();
        //獲得與SelectionKey關(guān)聯(lián)的SocketChannel
        SocketChannel socketChannel = (SocketChannel) key.channel();
        buffer.flip();
        //按照GBK編碼把buffer中的字節(jié)轉(zhuǎn)換為字符串
        String data = decode(buffer);
        //如果還沒有讀到一行數(shù)據(jù)就返回
        if(data.indexOf("\r\n") == -1)
            return;
        //截取一行數(shù)據(jù)
        String outputData = data.substring(0, data.indexOf("\n") + 1);
        //把輸出的字符串按照GBK編碼轉(zhuǎn)換為字節(jié)，把它放在outputBuffer中
        ByteBuffer outputBuffer = encode("echo:" + outputData);
        //輸出outputBuffer的所有字節(jié)
        while(outputBuffer,hasRemaining())
            socketChannel.write(outputBuffer);
        //把outputData字符審按照GBK編碼，轉(zhuǎn)換為字節(jié)，把它放在ByteBuffer
        ByteBuffer temp = encode(outputData);
        //把buffer的位置設(shè)為temp的極限
        buffer.position(temp.limit()):
        //刪除buffer已經(jīng)處理的數(shù)據(jù)
        buffer.compact();
        //如果已經(jīng)輸出了字符串“bye\r\n”，就使SelectionKey失效，并關(guān)閉SocketChannel
        if(outputData.equals("bye\r\n")) {
            key.cancel();
            socketChannel.close();
        }
    }
    //解碼
    public String decode(ByteBuffer buffer) {
        CharBuffer charBuffer = charset.decode(buffer);
        return charBuffer.toStrinq();
    }
    //編碼
    public ByteBuffer encode(String str) {
        return charset.encode(str);
    }
    public static void main(String args[])throws Exception {
        EchoServer server = new EchoServer();
        server.service();
    }
}

3.阻塞模式與非阻塞模式混合使用

使用非阻塞模式時(shí)，ServerSocketChannel 以及 SocketChannel 都被設(shè)置為非阻塞模式，這使得接收連接、接收數(shù)據(jù)和發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)的操作都采用非阻塞模式，EchoServer 采用一個(gè)線程同時(shí)完成這些操作

假如有許多客戶請(qǐng)求連接，可以把接收客戶連接的操作單獨(dú)由一個(gè)線程完成，把接收數(shù)據(jù)和發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)的操作由另一個(gè)線程完成，這可以提高服務(wù)器的并發(fā)性能

負(fù)責(zé)接收客戶連接的線程按照阻塞模式工作，如果收到客戶連接，就向 Selector 注冊(cè)讀就緒和寫就緒事件，否則進(jìn)入阻塞狀態(tài)，直到接收到了客戶的連接。負(fù)責(zé)接收數(shù)據(jù)和發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)的線程按照非阻塞模式工作，只有在讀就緒或?qū)懢途w事件發(fā)生時(shí)，才執(zhí)行相應(yīng)的接收數(shù)據(jù)和發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)操作

public class EchoServer {
	private int port = 8000;
    private ServerSocketChannel serverSocketChannel = null;
    private Selector selector = null;
    private Charset charset = Charset.forName("GBK");
	public EchoServer() throws IOException {
        selector = Selector.open();
        serverSocketChannel = ServerSocketChannel.open();
        serverSocketChannel.socket().setReuseAddress(true);
        serverSocketChannelsocket().bind(new InetSocketAddress(port));
    }
    public void accept() {
        while(true) {
            try {
                SocketChannel socketChannel = serverSocketChannel.accept();
                socketChannel.configureBlocking(false);
                ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
                synchronized(gate) {
                    selector.wakeup();
                    socketChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_READ | SelectionKey.OP_WRITE, buffer);
                }
            } catch(IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
    private Object gate=new Object();
    public void service() throws IOException {
        while(true) {
            synchronized(gate){}
            int n = selector.select();
            if(n == 0) continue;
            Set readyKeys = selector.selectedKeys();
            Iterator it = readyKeys.iterator();
            while (it.hasNext()) {
                SelectionKey key = null;
                try {
    				it.remove();
                    if (key.isReadable()) {
                        receive(key);
                    }
                    if (key.isWritable()) {
                        send(key);
                    }
                } catch(IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                    try {
                        if(key != null) {
                            key.cancel();
                            key.channel().close();
                        }
                    } catch(Exception ex) { e.printStackTrace(); }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    public void receive(SelectionKey key) throws IOException {
        ...
    }
    public void send(SelectionKey key) throws IOException {
        ...
    }
    public String decode(ByteBuffer buffer) {
        ...
    }
    public ByteBuffer encode(String str) {
        ...
    }
    public static void main(String args[])throws Exception {
        final EchoServer server = new EchoServer();
        Thread accept = new Thread() {
            public void run() {
                server.accept();
            }
        };
        accept.start();
		server.service();
    }
}

注意一點(diǎn)：主線程的 selector select() 方法和 Accept 線程的 register(...) 方法都會(huì)造成阻塞，因?yàn)樗麄兌紩?huì)操作 Selector 對(duì)象的共享資源 all-keys 集合，這有可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致死鎖

導(dǎo)致死鎖的具體情形是：Selector 中尚沒有任何注冊(cè)的事件，即 all-keys 集合為空，主線程執(zhí)行 selector.select() 方法時(shí)將進(jìn)入阻塞狀態(tài)，只有當(dāng) Accept 線程向 Selector 注冊(cè)了事件，并且該事件發(fā)生后，主線程才會(huì)從 selector.select() 方法返回。然而，由于主線程正在 selector.select() 方法中阻塞，這使得 Acccept 線程也在 register() 方法中阻塞。Accept 線程無法向 Selector 注冊(cè)事件，而主線程沒有任何事件可以監(jiān)控，所以這兩個(gè)線程將永遠(yuǎn)阻塞下去

為了避免對(duì)共享資源的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，同步機(jī)制使得一個(gè)線程執(zhí)行 register() 時(shí)，不允許另一個(gè)線程同時(shí)執(zhí)行 select() 方法，反之亦然

到此這篇關(guān)于Java實(shí)現(xiàn)非阻塞式服務(wù)器的示例代碼的文章就介紹到這了,更多相關(guān)Java服務(wù)器內(nèi)容請(qǐng)搜索腳本之家以前的文章或繼續(xù)瀏覽下面的相關(guān)文章希望大家以后多多支持腳本之家！

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