使用C#編寫兩個漂亮?xí)r鐘的示例代碼
谷歌在2021年5月份推出的Android 12給我們帶來了新的UI設(shè)計規(guī)范Material You,你是否已經(jīng)體驗到了Material You設(shè)計的魅力了呢?
在原生主屏幕啟動器中,有一個時鐘小部件。這個小部件可以選擇表盤風(fēng)格。
圖:Android 12的時鐘小部件
今天挑戰(zhàn)在.NET MAU中實現(xiàn)這個Material You風(fēng)格時鐘。
最終效果如下:
時鐘1
繪制鋸齒表盤
鋸齒表盤是正玄波曲線閉合成一個圓形。
創(chuàng)建Clock1
,打開Xaml文件
在頁面布局中創(chuàng)建一個Path對象,設(shè)置Stroke和Fill屬性。
<Path Grid.Row="0" Grid.Column="1" Stroke="white" Fill="#FFEED9" IsVisible="true" x:Name="ModulatedPath"> <Path.Data> <PathGeometry> <PathGeometry.Figures> <PathFigureCollection> <PathFigure IsClosed="True" x:Name="MainPathFigure"> <PathFigure.Segments> <PathSegmentCollection x:Name="MainPathSegmentCollection"> </PathSegmentCollection> </PathFigure.Segments> </PathFigure> </PathFigureCollection> </PathGeometry.Figures> </PathGeometry> </Path.Data> </Path>
在codebehind中,訂閱SizeChanged事件,當(dāng)控件大小發(fā)生變化時,重新繪制表盤。
public Clock1() { InitializeComponent(); this.SizeChanged+=ContentView_SizeChanged; }
正弦曲線繪制原理
單位圓中的正弦函數(shù)在平面直角坐標(biāo)系中可以映射為一個波形曲線,下圖所示在0-2π范圍中y=sin(x)的圖像。
其中最低點和最高點決定了波形的振幅,他們與平衡點的距離即單位圓的半徑
設(shè)置變量 r為平衡點,r2為最高點,r3為最低點。
centerX和centerY為圓心坐標(biāo)。
segemts為繪制的線段數(shù),越大鋸齒越密集。
private void ContentView_SizeChanged(object sender, EventArgs e) { var length = (float)Math.Min(this.Width, this.Height) * 0.95; var centerX = (float)this.Width / 2; var centerY = (float)this.Height / 2; var points = new List<Point>(); var r = length / 2; var r2 = r * 1.1; var r3 = r * 0.9; var index = 0; var segments = 40; }
首先計算各平衡點在圓周上的離散分布坐標(biāo)(x,y)
根據(jù)index的奇偶性,給與當(dāng)前點最高點或最低點的半徑。
根據(jù)各分配的半徑計算調(diào)整后的離散點坐標(biāo)
代碼如下:
... for (var i = 0; i < segments; i += 2) { var x = r * Math.Cos(i * 2 * Math.PI / segments) + centerX; var y = r * Math.Sin(i * 2 * Math.PI / segments) + centerY; points.Add(new Point((float)x, (float)y)); var currentR = index++ % 2 == 0 ? r2 : r3; x = currentR * Math.Cos((i + 1) * 2 * Math.PI / segments) + centerX; y = currentR * Math.Sin((i + 1) * 2 * Math.PI / segments) + centerY; points.Add(new Point((float)x, (float)y)); }
如此,我們得到一個閉合的鋸齒圓形表盤
繪制指針
在表盤上繪制時鐘指針,需要計算時針、分針、秒針的角度,然后根據(jù)角度旋轉(zhuǎn)畫布,繪制指針。
秒針每秒鐘轉(zhuǎn)動6度,
分針每分鐘轉(zhuǎn)動6度,并疊加每秒0.1度。
時針每小時轉(zhuǎn)動30度。并疊加每分鐘0.5度。
其中時針和分針由寬度為15的實心填充圓角線條構(gòu)成
DateTime dateTime = DateTime.Now; // Hour hand strokePaint.Color = SKColor.Parse("#5E4000"); strokePaint.StrokeWidth = 15; canvas.Save(); canvas.RotateDegrees(30 * dateTime.Hour + dateTime.Minute / 2f); canvas.DrawLine(0, 0, 0, -r*(float)0.4, strokePaint); canvas.Restore(); // Minute hand strokePaint.Color = SKColor.Parse("#9C6D00"); canvas.Save(); canvas.RotateDegrees(6 * dateTime.Minute + dateTime.Second / 10f); canvas.DrawLine(0, 0, 0, -r*(float)0.8, strokePaint); canvas.Restore(); // Second hand strokePaint.Color = SKColor.Parse("#657E3F"); canvas.Save(); canvas.RotateDegrees(6 * dateTime.Second); strokePaint.StrokeWidth *=(float)0.5; strokePaint.Style=SKPaintStyle.Fill; canvas.DrawCircle(0, -r*(float)0.8, strokePaint.StrokeWidth, strokePaint); canvas.Restore();
指針效果如下:
其中秒針需要繪制一個點,在其以圓心為中心的對側(cè)繪制一個帶有日期的文本
繪制沿路徑文本
首先繪制文本路徑,它是一個圓弧,在初始狀態(tài)圓弧的角度為20度,圓弧的起始角度為70度,終止角度為110度。
var pathAngle = 20; var startAngle = 90-pathAngle; var sweepAngle = pathAngle*2; var rect = new SKRect(-r*(float)0.8, -r*(float)0.8, r*(float)0.8, r*(float)0.8);
使用SkiaSharp的DrawTextOnPath方法繪制沿路徑的文本,詳情請查看官方文檔
using (SKPath path = new SKPath()) { path.AddArc(rect, startAngle, sweepAngle); canvas.DrawTextOnPath(dateStr, path, new SKPoint(), strokePaint); }
指針效果如下:
時鐘1的完整代碼如下:
void OnCanvasViewPaintSurface(object sender, SKPaintSurfaceEventArgs args) { SKImageInfo info = args.Info; SKSurface surface = args.Surface; SKCanvas canvas = surface.Canvas; canvas.Clear(); using (SKPaint strokePaint = new SKPaint()) using (SKPaint fillPaint = new SKPaint()) { strokePaint.Style = SKPaintStyle.Stroke; strokePaint.StrokeCap = SKStrokeCap.Round; fillPaint.Style = SKPaintStyle.Fill; fillPaint.Color = SKColors.Transparent; // Transform for 100-radius circle centered at origin var r = 100f; canvas.Translate(info.Width / 2f, info.Height / 2f); canvas.Scale(Math.Min(info.Width / 200f, info.Height / 200f)); DateTime dateTime = DateTime.Now; // Hour hand strokePaint.Color = SKColor.Parse("#5E4000"); strokePaint.StrokeWidth = 15; canvas.Save(); canvas.RotateDegrees(30 * dateTime.Hour + dateTime.Minute / 2f); canvas.DrawLine(0, 0, 0, -r*(float)0.4, strokePaint); canvas.Restore(); // Minute hand strokePaint.Color = SKColor.Parse("#9C6D00"); canvas.Save(); canvas.RotateDegrees(6 * dateTime.Minute + dateTime.Second / 10f); canvas.DrawLine(0, 0, 0, -r*(float)0.62, strokePaint); canvas.Restore(); // Second hand strokePaint.Color = SKColor.Parse("#657E3F"); canvas.Save(); canvas.RotateDegrees(6 * dateTime.Second); strokePaint.StrokeWidth *=(float)0.5; strokePaint.Style=SKPaintStyle.Fill; canvas.DrawCircle(0, -r*(float)0.8, strokePaint.StrokeWidth, strokePaint); strokePaint.Color = SKColors.Black; strokePaint.StrokeWidth = 1; var dateStr = dateTime.ToString("M"); var pathAngle = 20; var startAngle = 90-pathAngle; var sweepAngle = pathAngle*2; var rect = new SKRect(-r*(float)0.8, -r*(float)0.8, r*(float)0.8, r*(float)0.8); using (SKPath path = new SKPath()) { path.AddArc(rect, startAngle, sweepAngle); //canvas.DrawPath(path, strokePaint); canvas.DrawTextOnPath(dateStr, path, new SKPoint(), strokePaint); } canvas.Restore(); } }
配置一個定時器,每秒刷新各指針位置
IDispatcherTimer _timer; public Clock1() { ... this.SizeChanged+=ContentView_SizeChanged; _timer= Dispatcher.CreateTimer(); _timer.Interval=TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1); _timer.Tick+=_timer_Tick; _timer.Start(); } private void _timer_Tick(object sender, EventArgs e) { this.canvasView?.InvalidateSurface(); }
時鐘1 效果如下:
時鐘2
將URWGeometricBlack
字體文件放到Fonts
目錄下
在MauiProgram.cs中注冊字體
.ConfigureFonts(fonts => { ... fonts.AddFont("URWGeometricBlack.otf", "URWGeometricBlack"); });
繪制表盤
時鐘2的表盤相對簡單,是一個簡單的圓配簡潔抽象的數(shù)字刻度組成
創(chuàng)建Clock2
,打開Xaml文件,代碼如下:
<Grid> <Ellipse Grid.Row="0" Grid.Column="1" Stroke="white" Fill="#FFEED9" IsVisible="true" HeightRequest="200" WidthRequest="200" x:Name="ModulatedPath"> </Ellipse> <Grid TranslationY="-15"> <Grid.RowDefinitions> <RowDefinition></RowDefinition> <RowDefinition></RowDefinition> </Grid.RowDefinitions> <Grid.ColumnDefinitions> <ColumnDefinition></ColumnDefinition> <ColumnDefinition></ColumnDefinition> </Grid.ColumnDefinitions> <Label Grid.Row="0" Grid.ColumnSpan="2" Text="12" Style="{StaticResource ClockPlateNumberLabelStyle}"></Label> <Label Grid.RowSpan="2" Grid.Column="1" Text="3" Style="{StaticResource ClockPlateNumberLabelStyle}"></Label> <Label Grid.Row="1" Grid.ColumnSpan="2" Text="6" Style="{StaticResource ClockPlateNumberLabelStyle}"></Label> <Label Grid.RowSpan="2" Grid.Column="0" Text="9" Style="{StaticResource ClockPlateNumberLabelStyle}"></Label> </Grid> <forms:SKCanvasView x:Name="canvasView" PaintSurface="OnCanvasViewPaintSurface" /> <Label FontSize="28" HorizontalOptions="Center" VerticalOptions="Center" x:Name="labelView"></Label> </Grid>
同樣我們需要放置SKCanvasView對象用于繪制指針
其中ClockPlateNumberLabelStyle
定義如下:
<Style TargetType="Label" x:Key="ClockPlateNumberLabelStyle"> <Setter Property="HorizontalTextAlignment" Value="Center"></Setter> <Setter Property="VerticalTextAlignment" Value="Center"></Setter> <Setter Property="VerticalOptions" Value="Center"></Setter> <Setter Property="FontAttributes" Value="Bold"></Setter> <Setter Property="FontSize" Value="120"></Setter> <Setter Property="TextColor" Value="#F9BC49"></Setter> <Setter Property="FontFamily" Value="URWGeometricBlack"></Setter> </Style>
效果如下:
繪制指針
時鐘2的指針繪制原理與時鐘1類似,此處將不贅述,完整代碼如下:
void OnCanvasViewPaintSurface(object sender, SKPaintSurfaceEventArgs args) { SKImageInfo info = args.Info; SKSurface surface = args.Surface; SKCanvas canvas = surface.Canvas; canvas.Clear(); using (SKPaint strokePaint = new SKPaint()) using (SKPaint fillPaint = new SKPaint()) { strokePaint.Style = SKPaintStyle.Stroke; strokePaint.StrokeCap = SKStrokeCap.Round; fillPaint.Style = SKPaintStyle.Fill; fillPaint.Color = SKColors.Transparent; // Transform for 100-radius circle centered at origin var r = 100f; canvas.Translate(info.Width / 2f, info.Height / 2f); canvas.Scale(Math.Min(info.Width / 200f, info.Height / 200f)); DateTime dateTime = DateTime.Now; // Hour hand strokePaint.Color = SKColor.Parse("#5E4000"); strokePaint.StrokeWidth = 15; canvas.Save(); canvas.RotateDegrees(30 * dateTime.Hour + dateTime.Minute / 2f); canvas.DrawLine(0, 0, 0, -r*(float)0.4, strokePaint); canvas.Restore(); // Minute hand strokePaint.Color = SKColor.Parse("#9C6D00"); strokePaint.StrokeWidth = 5; canvas.Save(); canvas.RotateDegrees(6 * dateTime.Minute + dateTime.Second / 10f); canvas.DrawLine(0, 0, 0, -r*(float)0.8, strokePaint); canvas.Restore(); // Second hand strokePaint.Color = SKColor.Parse("#657E3F"); strokePaint.StrokeWidth = 2; canvas.Save(); canvas.RotateDegrees(6 * dateTime.Second); canvas.DrawLine(0, r*(float)0.1, 0, -r*(float)0.8, strokePaint); strokePaint.Style=SKPaintStyle.Fill; canvas.DrawCircle(0, 0, 5, strokePaint); canvas.Restore(); } }
時鐘2 效果如下
以上就是使用C#編寫兩個漂亮?xí)r鐘的示例代碼的詳細(xì)內(nèi)容,更多關(guān)于C#時鐘的資料請關(guān)注腳本之家其它相關(guān)文章!
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