SystemServer進(jìn)程啟動(dòng)過程解析
1、SystemServer進(jìn)程作用
SystemServer進(jìn)程主要是用于創(chuàng)建系統(tǒng)服務(wù)的,例如AMS、WMS、PMS;
SystemService進(jìn)程被創(chuàng)建后,主要的處理如下:
初始化一些系統(tǒng)設(shè)置,虛擬機(jī)配置等;
啟動(dòng)Binder線程池,這樣就可以與其他進(jìn)程進(jìn)行Binder跨進(jìn)程通信;
創(chuàng)建SystemServiceManager,它用來對(duì)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)進(jìn)行創(chuàng)建、啟動(dòng)和生命周期管理;
創(chuàng)建主線程Looper并進(jìn)入循環(huán)等待消息;
啟動(dòng)各種系統(tǒng)服務(wù):引導(dǎo)服務(wù)、核心服務(wù)、其他服務(wù),如引導(dǎo)服務(wù)ActivityManagerService、PackageManagerService和其他服務(wù)WindowManagerService、InputManagerService即可;
2、SystemServer進(jìn)程啟動(dòng)流程
2.1、Zygote進(jìn)程調(diào)用
2.1.1、啟動(dòng)參數(shù)
在Init進(jìn)程啟動(dòng)時(shí),解析init.rc文件時(shí),拿到相關(guān)啟動(dòng)參數(shù),其中參數(shù)中包含“--start-system-server”,表示啟動(dòng)時(shí)要啟動(dòng)SystemServer進(jìn)程,最終Zygote進(jìn)程拿到相關(guān)參數(shù),所以startSystemServer值為true;
2.1.2、Zygote進(jìn)程fork
在Zygote進(jìn)程啟動(dòng)后,執(zhí)行ZygoteInit類的main()方法,通過fork的方式啟動(dòng)SystemServer;
啟動(dòng)完SystemServer之后會(huì)返回一個(gè)Runnable對(duì)象,在父進(jìn)程Zygote中該Runnable對(duì)象為null,子進(jìn)程SystemServer中不為null,會(huì)在SystemServer進(jìn)程中執(zhí)行該Runnable對(duì)象;
public static void main(String argv[]) {
ZygoteServer zygoteServer = new ZygoteServer();
...
boolean startSystemServer = false;
for (int i = 1; i < argv.length; i++) {
if ("start-system-server".equals(argv[i])) {
startSystemServer = true;
}...
}
...
zygoteServer.registerServerSocketFromEnv(socketName);
...
if (startSystemServer) {
Runnable r = forkSystemServer(abiList, socketName, zygoteServer);
// {@code r == null} in the parent (zygote) process, and {@code r != null} in the
// child (system_server) process.
if (r != null) {
r.run();
return;
}
}
...
}在forkSystemServer()方法中,通過硬編碼的方法寫入啟動(dòng)參數(shù)數(shù)組,調(diào)用ZygoteConnection.Arguments類去解析該參數(shù)數(shù)組,最后調(diào)用Zygote類的forkSystemServer()方法去請(qǐng)求fork SystemServer進(jìn)程;
如果fork成功,在父進(jìn)程中會(huì)返回子進(jìn)程的pid,子進(jìn)程中會(huì)返回pid=0,并且子進(jìn)程會(huì)繼續(xù)從該處執(zhí)行,判斷pid大于0,如果有兩個(gè)Zygote進(jìn)程,則需要等待另一個(gè)也完成,然后子進(jìn)程清除調(diào)從父進(jìn)程fork過來的socket信息,繼續(xù)執(zhí)行handleSystemServerProcess()方法;
private static Runnable forkSystemServer(String abiList, String socketName, ZygoteServer zygoteServer) {
...
String args[] = {
"--setuid=1000",
"--setgid=1000",
"--setgroups=1001,1002,1003,1004,1005,1006,1007,1008,1009,1010,1018,1021,1023,1024,1032,1065,3001,3002,3003,3006,3007,3009,3010",
"--capabilities=" + capabilities + "," + capabilities,
"--nice-name=system_server",
"--runtime-args",
"--target-sdk-version=" + VMRuntime.SDK_VERSION_CUR_DEVELOPMENT,
"com.android.server.SystemServer",
};
ZygoteConnection.Arguments parsedArgs = null;
int pid;
try {
parsedArgs = new ZygoteConnection.Arguments(args);
...
/* Request to fork the system server process */
pid = Zygote.forkSystemServer(
parsedArgs.uid, parsedArgs.gid,
parsedArgs.gids,
parsedArgs.runtimeFlags,
null,
parsedArgs.permittedCapabilities,
parsedArgs.effectiveCapabilities);
} catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) {
throw new RuntimeException(ex);
}
/* For child process */
if (pid == 0) {
if (hasSecondZygote(abiList)) {
waitForSecondaryZygote(socketName);
}
zygoteServer.closeServerSocket();
return handleSystemServerProcess(parsedArgs);
}
return null;
}在Zygote的forkSystemServer()方法中,會(huì)先重置線程優(yōu)先級(jí),然后調(diào)用native方法去執(zhí)行fork;
public static int forkSystemServer(int uid, int gid, int[] gids, int runtimeFlags,
int[][] rlimits, long permittedCapabilities, long effectiveCapabilities) {
VM_HOOKS.preFork();
// Resets nice priority for zygote process.
resetNicePriority();
int pid = nativeForkSystemServer(uid, gid, gids, runtimeFlags, rlimits, permittedCapabilities, effectiveCapabilities);
...
VM_HOOKS.postForkCommon();
return pid;
}
native private static int nativeForkSystemServer(int uid, int gid, int[] gids,
int runtimeFlags, int[][] rlimits,
long permittedCapabilities,
long effectiveCapabilities);2.1.3、進(jìn)入Native層方法
Zygote類對(duì)應(yīng)的native方法在AndroidRuntime.cpp中注冊(cè)的,調(diào)用com_android_internal_os_Zygote.cpp中的register_com_android_internal_os_Zygote()方法建立native方法的映射關(guān)系;
在native方法中又調(diào)用ForkAndSpecializeCommon()方法,創(chuàng)建完成后Zygote進(jìn)程會(huì)去檢查SystemServer是否已經(jīng)啟動(dòng),如果system_server創(chuàng)建失敗后,會(huì)重啟zygote進(jìn)程,Zygote進(jìn)程和SystemServer進(jìn)程是Android系統(tǒng)的兩個(gè)重要的進(jìn)程,二者缺一不可,否則就無法正常運(yùn)行;
static jint com_android_internal_os_Zygote_nativeForkSystemServer(
JNIEnv* env, jclass, uid_t uid, gid_t gid, jintArray gids, jint runtime_flags,
jobjectArray rlimits, jlong permittedCapabilities, jlong effectiveCapabilities) {
pid_t pid = ForkAndSpecializeCommon(env, uid, gid, gids, runtime_flags, rlimits,
permittedCapabilities, effectiveCapabilities,
MOUNT_EXTERNAL_DEFAULT, NULL, NULL, true, NULL,
NULL, false, NULL, NULL);
...
if (pid > 0) {
int status;
if (waitpid(pid, &status, WNOHANG) == pid) {
ALOGE("System server process %d has died. Restarting Zygote!", pid);
RuntimeAbort(env, __LINE__, "System server process has died. Restarting Zygote!");
}
}
return pid;
}2.1.4、fork進(jìn)程
在ForkAndSpecializeCommon()方法中,調(diào)用fork()函數(shù)去從父進(jìn)程Zygote中fork出子進(jìn)程,即SystemServer進(jìn)程,然后根據(jù)進(jìn)程pid去判斷,做一些初始化工作;
在進(jìn)程fork的時(shí)候,操作系統(tǒng)會(huì)復(fù)制一個(gè)與父進(jìn)程完全相同的子進(jìn)程,共享代碼空間,但是數(shù)據(jù)空間是互相獨(dú)立的,子進(jìn)程數(shù)據(jù)空間中的內(nèi)容是父進(jìn)程的完整拷貝,指令指針也完全相同,子進(jìn)程擁有父進(jìn)程當(dāng)前運(yùn)行到的位置(兩進(jìn)程的程序計(jì)數(shù)器pc值相同,也就是說,子進(jìn)程是從fork返回處開始執(zhí)行的),但是兩者返回的pid是不同的,如果fork成功,子進(jìn)程中會(huì)返回pid=0,父進(jìn)程Zygote中會(huì)返回子進(jìn)程的pid,fork失敗父進(jìn)程中會(huì)返回負(fù)數(shù);
子進(jìn)程SystemServer創(chuàng)建成功之后,會(huì)將從父進(jìn)程拷貝過來的數(shù)據(jù)做一些初始化操作;
// Utility routine to fork zygote and specialize the child process.
static pid_t ForkAndSpecializeCommon(JNIEnv* env, uid_t uid, gid_t gid, jintArray javaGids,
jint runtime_flags, jobjectArray javaRlimits,
jlong permittedCapabilities, jlong effectiveCapabilities,
jint mount_external,
jstring java_se_info, jstring java_se_name,
bool is_system_server, jintArray fdsToClose,
jintArray fdsToIgnore, bool is_child_zygote,
jstring instructionSet, jstring dataDir) {
SetSignalHandlers();
...
pid_t pid = fork();
if (pid == 0) {
// pid = 0 為在子進(jìn)程中,即SystemServer進(jìn)程,然后做一系列初始化工作
...
} else if (pid > 0) {
// pid > 0 為在父進(jìn)程中,即Zygote進(jìn)程
...
}
return pid;
}2.1.5、Java層獲取到結(jié)果
此時(shí)子進(jìn)程SystemServer進(jìn)程fork成功,順著調(diào)用的API返回到ZygoteInit類的forkSystemServer()方法中,此時(shí)在Native層fork進(jìn)程完成,結(jié)果返回到Java層,SystemServer進(jìn)程從fork之后開始執(zhí)行,即handleSystemServerProcess();
2.1.6、SystemServer進(jìn)程相關(guān)設(shè)置
初始化SystemServer進(jìn)程名,創(chuàng)建類加載器等,繼續(xù)調(diào)用zygoteInit()方法;
private static Runnable handleSystemServerProcess(ZygoteConnection.Arguments parsedArgs) {
...
// 設(shè)置進(jìn)程名
if (parsedArgs.niceName != null) {
Process.setArgV0(parsedArgs.niceName);
}
...
if (parsedArgs.invokeWith != null) {
...
} else {
ClassLoader cl = null;
if (systemServerClasspath != null) {
cl = createPathClassLoader(systemServerClasspath, parsedArgs.targetSdkVersion);
Thread.currentThread().setContextClassLoader(cl);
}
/*
* Pass the remaining arguments to SystemServer.
*/
return ZygoteInit.zygoteInit(parsedArgs.targetSdkVersion, parsedArgs.remainingArgs, cl);
}
}在該方法中做一些初始化操作,如日志定向,通用初始化即Zygote的初始化,最后調(diào)用applicationInit()方法;
public static final Runnable zygoteInit(int targetSdkVersion, String[] argv, ClassLoader classLoader) {
...
// 日志相關(guān)
RuntimeInit.redirectLogStreams();
RuntimeInit.commonInit();
ZygoteInit.nativeZygoteInit();
return RuntimeInit.applicationInit(targetSdkVersion, argv, classLoader);
}
RunTimeInit類中的commonInit()方法主要初始化一些通用配置,如日志、時(shí)區(qū)、Http User-agent、socket的tag等;
protected static final void commonInit() {
...
// 設(shè)置時(shí)區(qū)
TimezoneGetter.setInstance(new TimezoneGetter() {
@Override
public String getId() {
return SystemProperties.get("persist.sys.timezone");
}
});
TimeZone.setDefault(null);
...
// 設(shè)置默認(rèn)的HTTP User-agent格式
String userAgent = getDefaultUserAgent();
System.setProperty("http.agent", userAgent);
...
}在applicationInit()方法中初始化程序退出時(shí)的設(shè)置,設(shè)置虛擬機(jī)內(nèi)存利用率參數(shù),sdk版本等,隨后繼續(xù)調(diào)用findStaticMain()方法;
protected static Runnable applicationInit(int targetSdkVersion, String[] argv, ClassLoader classLoader) {
// 程序退出時(shí)相關(guān)設(shè)置
nativeSetExitWithoutCleanup(true);
// 設(shè)置虛擬機(jī)的內(nèi)存利用率參數(shù)值為0.75
VMRuntime.getRuntime().setTargetHeapUtilization(0.75f);
VMRuntime.getRuntime().setTargetSdkVersion(targetSdkVersion);
...
return findStaticMain(args.startClass, args.startArgs, classLoader);
}
2.1.7、進(jìn)入SystemServer進(jìn)程main方法
在findStaticMain()方法中通過反射找到SystemServer類的main()方法,將其作為參數(shù)新建MethodAndArgsCaller對(duì)象,MethodAndArgsCaller是一個(gè)Runnable對(duì)象,其run方法里是調(diào)用該傳入的方法,即執(zhí)行SystemServer類的main()方法;
protected static Runnable findStaticMain(String className, String[] argv, ClassLoader classLoader) {
Class<?> cl;
try {
cl = Class.forName(className, true, classLoader);
} catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
throw new RuntimeException("Missing class when invoking static main " + className, ex);
}
Method m;
try {
m = cl.getMethod("main", new Class[] { String[].class });
} catch (NoSuchMethodException ex) {
throw new RuntimeException("Missing static main on " + className, ex);
} catch (SecurityException ex) {
throw new RuntimeException(
"Problem getting static main on " + className, ex);
}
...
return new MethodAndArgsCaller(m, argv);
}2.2、SystemServer進(jìn)程工作
SystemServer的run()方法中,做了大量的初始化操作,如設(shè)置系統(tǒng)時(shí)間、設(shè)置虛擬機(jī)相關(guān)配置參數(shù)、binder調(diào)用相關(guān)、創(chuàng)建主線程Looper并循環(huán)等待消息、并創(chuàng)建SystemServerManager等;
public final class SystemServer {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new SystemServer().run();
}
private void run() {
try {
VMRuntime.getRuntime().clearGrowthLimit();
VMRuntime.getRuntime().setTargetHeapUtilization(0.8f);
Build.ensureFingerprintProperty();
Environment.setUserRequired(true);
BinderInternal.disableBackgroundScheduling(true);
BinderInternal.setMaxThreads(sMaxBinderThreads);
// Prepare the main looper thread (this thread).
android.os.Process.setThreadPriority(android.os.Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_FOREGROUND);
android.os.Process.setCanSelfBackground(false);
Looper.prepareMainLooper();
// Initialize native services.
System.loadLibrary("android_servers");
...
// Initialize the system context.
createSystemContext();
mSystemServiceManager = new SystemServiceManager(mSystemContext);
} finally {
...
}
// Start services.
try {
traceBeginAndSlog("StartServices");
startBootstrapServices();
startCoreServices();
startOtherServices();
SystemServerInitThreadPool.shutdown();
} catch (Throwable ex) {
...
}
...
// Loop forever.
Looper.loop();
throw new RuntimeException("Main thread loop unexpectedly exited");
}
}此時(shí)SystemServer進(jìn)入自身的Looper循環(huán)中,等待消息處理,SystemServer進(jìn)程正式運(yùn)行起來了;
2.2.1、初始化配置
SystemServer啟動(dòng)之后,會(huì)執(zhí)行一系列初始化操作,如判斷系統(tǒng)時(shí)間是否早于1970年,設(shè)置系統(tǒng)時(shí)間、虛擬機(jī)內(nèi)存設(shè)置、加載指紋信息、Binder調(diào)用的優(yōu)先級(jí)、Binder線程池的最大數(shù)量、創(chuàng)建主線程Looper、加載android_servers庫、初始化系統(tǒng)上下文、創(chuàng)建SystemServerManager等;
2.2.2、創(chuàng)建SystemServerManager
在run()方法中,會(huì)先執(zhí)行createSystemContext()方法創(chuàng)建系統(tǒng)上下文對(duì)象,mSystemContext對(duì)象是從ActivityThread獲取的,調(diào)用ActivityThread的systemMain()方法,執(zhí)行其attach()方法,創(chuàng)建出App的context,及執(zhí)行Application的onCreate()方法,系統(tǒng)上下文對(duì)象是通過ActivityThread的getSystemContext()方法獲取,調(diào)用ContextImpl類的createSystemContext()方法創(chuàng)建;
private void createSystemContext() {
ActivityThread activityThread = ActivityThread.systemMain();
mSystemContext = activityThread.getSystemContext();
mSystemContext.setTheme(DEFAULT_SYSTEM_THEME);
final Context systemUiContext = activityThread.getSystemUiContext();
systemUiContext.setTheme(DEFAULT_SYSTEM_THEME);
}
# ActivityThread
public static ActivityThread systemMain() {
...
ActivityThread thread = new ActivityThread();
thread.attach(true, 0);
return thread;
}
private void attach(boolean system, long startSeq) {
...
if (!system) {
...
} else {
...
try {
...
ContextImpl context = ContextImpl.createAppContext(this, getSystemContext().mPackageInfo);
mInitialApplication = context.mPackageInfo.makeApplication(true, null);
mInitialApplication.onCreate();
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException("Unable to instantiate Application():" + e.toString(), e);
}
}
...
}
public ContextImpl getSystemContext() {
synchronized (this) {
if (mSystemContext == null) {
mSystemContext = ContextImpl.createSystemContext(this);
}
return mSystemContext;
}
}拿到上下文對(duì)象,去創(chuàng)建SystemServerManager對(duì)象;
mSystemServiceManager = new SystemServiceManager(mSystemContext);
// SystemServiceManager
public class SystemServiceManager {
SystemServiceManager(Context context) {
mContext = context;
}
}
2.2.3、啟動(dòng)引導(dǎo)服務(wù)
SystemServer調(diào)用startBootstrapServices()方法去啟動(dòng)一系列的引導(dǎo)服務(wù),如ActivityManagerService、PackageManagerService等;
private void startBootstrapServices() {
...
// 啟動(dòng)AMS
mActivityManagerService = mSystemServiceManager.startService(ActivityManagerService.Lifecycle.class).getService();
mActivityManagerService.setSystemServiceManager(mSystemServiceManager);
mActivityManagerService.setInstaller(installer);
...
// 啟動(dòng)PMS
mPackageManagerService = PackageManagerService.main(mSystemContext, installer, mFactoryTestMode != FactoryTest.FACTORY_TEST_OFF, mOnlyCore);
mFirstBoot = mPackageManagerService.isFirstBoot();
mPackageManager = mSystemContext.getPackageManager();
...
}2.2.4、啟動(dòng)核心服務(wù)
啟動(dòng)核心服務(wù),如電量管理服務(wù)、WebViewUpdateService等;
private void startCoreServices() {
...
mSystemServiceManager.startService(BatteryService.class);
...
if (mPackageManager.hasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_WEBVIEW)) {
traceBeginAndSlog("StartWebViewUpdateService");
mWebViewUpdateService = mSystemServiceManager.startService(WebViewUpdateService.class);
traceEnd();
}
...
}
2.2.5、啟動(dòng)其他服務(wù)
調(diào)用startOtherServices()方法創(chuàng)建其他服務(wù),如NetworkManagementService、WindowManagerService、InputManagerService等;
并且在該方法中會(huì)執(zhí)行ActivityManagerService的systemReady()方法,通過調(diào)用該方法會(huì)啟動(dòng)Launcher進(jìn)程,即桌面App,桌面本身就是一個(gè)App進(jìn)程;
private void startOtherServices() {
...
try {
networkManagement = NetworkManagementService.create(context);
ServiceManager.addService(Context.NETWORKMANAGEMENT_SERVICE, networkManagement);
}
...
// WMS
wm = WindowManagerService.main(context, inputManager, mFactoryTestMode != FactoryTest.FACTORY_TEST_LOW_LEVEL, !mFirstBoot, mOnlyCore, new PhoneWindowManager());
ServiceManager.addService(Context.WINDOW_SERVICE, wm, /* allowIsolated= */ false, DUMP_FLAG_PRIORITY_CRITICAL | DUMP_FLAG_PROTO);
...
}2.2.6、Looper循環(huán)消息
創(chuàng)建了主線程Looper,并執(zhí)行l(wèi)oop()函數(shù)開啟消息輪訓(xùn)等待消息到來;
以上就是SystemServer進(jìn)程啟動(dòng)過程解析的詳細(xì)內(nèi)容,更多關(guān)于SystemServer進(jìn)程啟動(dòng)的資料請(qǐng)關(guān)注腳本之家其它相關(guān)文章!
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