利用C#自定義一個(gè)時(shí)間類型YearMonth
在.Net Framework中,我們常用的時(shí)間類型是DateTime。直到.Net6微軟加入了兩個(gè)新的時(shí)間類型:DateOnly和TimeOnly,才彌補(bǔ)了之前的不足。
DateOnly:表示僅日期。比如:某人的生日,我只關(guān)心日期,就適合用DateOnly。
TimeOnly:表示僅時(shí)間。比如:每天定時(shí)執(zhí)行某個(gè)任務(wù),我只關(guān)心時(shí)間,就適合用TimeOnly。
由此可見,DateOnly和TimeOnly都有相應(yīng)的應(yīng)用場景??尚【幵趯?shí)際項(xiàng)目中遇到了這樣的業(yè)務(wù)場景:需要每月給客戶生成月賬單。這里我所關(guān)心的是某個(gè)月份,于是我首先想到用DateOnly表示(不考慮字符串)。
var date = new DateOnly(2023, 2, 1); // 代表2023年2月1日
雖然DateOnly可用,但從字面理解和表現(xiàn)形式上還是略顯尷尬。 DateOnly真正表達(dá)的是某一天并不是某個(gè)月, 在代碼層面也容易混淆,所以并不符合小編的心理期望。經(jīng)過一番糾結(jié)和思考,小編決定自己動(dòng)手創(chuàng)建一個(gè)表示年/月的時(shí)間類型:YearMonth。
var ym = new YearMonth(2023, 2); // 代表2023年2月
YearMonth的源碼如下:
/// <summary> /// 表示年/月的時(shí)間類型 /// </summary> [JsonConverter(typeof(YearMonthJsonConverter))] public readonly struct YearMonth { public int Year { get; } public int Month { get; } public YearMonth(int year, int month) { Year = year; Month = month; } public YearMonth AddMonths(int value) { var date = new DateOnly(Year, Month, 1); return FromDateOnly(date.AddMonths(value)); } public YearMonth AddYears(int value) { var date = new DateOnly(Year, Month, 1); return FromDateOnly(date.AddYears(value)); } public DateOnly FirstDay() { return new DateOnly(Year, Month, 1); } public DateOnly LastDay() { var nextMonth = AddMonths(1); var date = new DateOnly(nextMonth.Year, nextMonth.Month, 1); return date.AddDays(-1); } public int DaysInMonth() { return DateTime.DaysInMonth(Year, Month); } public static YearMonth Current { get { return FromDateTime(DateTime.Now); } } public static YearMonth UtcCurrent { get { return FromDateTime(DateTime.UtcNow); } } public static YearMonth FromDateOnly(DateOnly dateOnly) { return new YearMonth(dateOnly.Year, dateOnly.Month); } public static YearMonth FromDateTime(DateTime dateTime) { return new YearMonth(dateTime.Year, dateTime.Month); } public static YearMonth FromString(string s) { if (DateTime.TryParse(s, out var date)) { return FromDateTime(date); } throw new ArgumentException("format is error", nameof(s)); } public override string ToString() { return $"{Year.ToString().PadLeft(4, '0')}-{Month.ToString().PadLeft(2, '0')}"; } public static bool operator ==(YearMonth left, YearMonth right) { return left.Year == right.Year && left.Month == right.Month; } public static bool operator !=(YearMonth left, YearMonth right) { return !(left.Year == right.Year && left.Month == right.Month); } public static bool operator >=(YearMonth left, YearMonth right) { return (left.Year > right.Year) || (left.Year == right.Year && left.Month >= right.Month); } public static bool operator <=(YearMonth left, YearMonth right) { return (left.Year < right.Year) || (left.Year == right.Year && left.Month <= right.Month); } public static bool operator >(YearMonth left, YearMonth right) { return (left.Year > right.Year) || (left.Year == right.Year && left.Month > right.Month); } public static bool operator <(YearMonth left, YearMonth right) { return (left.Year < right.Year) || (left.Year == right.Year && left.Month < right.Month); } public override bool Equals(object obj) { return base.Equals(obj); } public override int GetHashCode() { return base.GetHashCode(); } }
其中特性 [JsonConverter(typeof(YearMonthJsonConverter))]用于Json序列化和反序列化。
public class YearMonthJsonConverter : JsonConverter<YearMonth> { public override YearMonth Read(ref Utf8JsonReader reader, Type typeToConvert, JsonSerializerOptions options) { return YearMonth.FromString(reader.GetString()); } public override void Write(Utf8JsonWriter writer, YearMonth value, JsonSerializerOptions options) { writer.WriteStringValue(value.ToString()); } }
YearMonth的一些用法示例:
var ym = new YearMonth(2023, 2); int n = ym.DaysInMonth(); //n:28 DateOnly d1 = ym.FirstDay(); //d1:2023/2/1 DateOnly d2 = ym.LastDay(); //d2:2023/2/28 string str = ym.ToString(); //str:2023-02 YearMonth ym2 = ym.AddMonths(1); //ym2: 2023-03 YearMonth ym3 = YearMonth.FromDateOnly(new DateOnly(2023, 2, 8)); //ym3: 2023-02 YearMonth ym4 = YearMonth.FromDateTime(new DateTime(2023, 2, 8, 12, 23, 45)); //ym4: 2023-02 bool b = new YearMonth(2023, 3) > new YearMonth(2023, 2); //b: true
至此,上面的YearMonth時(shí)間類型已經(jīng)滿足小編的開發(fā)需要,當(dāng)然也可以根據(jù)需求繼續(xù)擴(kuò)展其它功能。
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