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SpringBoot3?Web編程開(kāi)發(fā)的工程搭建攔截器及測(cè)試工具示例

 更新時(shí)間：2023年08月09日 08:58:57   作者：知了一笑  
這篇文章主要介紹了SpringBoot3?Web編程開(kāi)發(fā)的工程搭建攔截器及測(cè)試工具示例詳解,有需要的朋友可以借鑒參考下,希望能夠有所幫助,祝大家多多進(jìn)步,早日升職加薪

一、簡(jiǎn)介

 標(biāo)簽：Rest.攔截器.swagger.測(cè)試;

基于web包的依賴，SpringBoot可以快速啟動(dòng)一個(gè)web容器，簡(jiǎn)化項(xiàng)目的開(kāi)發(fā)；

在web開(kāi)發(fā)中又涉及如下幾個(gè)功能點(diǎn)：

攔截器：可以讓接口被訪問(wèn)之前，將請(qǐng)求攔截到，通過(guò)對(duì)請(qǐng)求的識(shí)別和校驗(yàn)，判斷請(qǐng)求是否允許通過(guò)；

頁(yè)面交互：對(duì)于服務(wù)端的開(kāi)發(fā)來(lái)說(shuō)，需要具備簡(jiǎn)單的頁(yè)面開(kāi)發(fā)能力，解決部分場(chǎng)景的需求；

Swagger接口：通過(guò)簡(jiǎn)單的配置，快速生成接口的描述，并且提供對(duì)接口的測(cè)試能力；

Junit測(cè)試：通過(guò)編寫(xiě)代碼的方式對(duì)接口進(jìn)行測(cè)試，從而完成對(duì)接口的檢查和驗(yàn)證，并且可以不入侵原代碼結(jié)構(gòu)；

二、工程搭建

1、工程結(jié)構(gòu)

2、依賴管理

<!-- 基礎(chǔ)框架組件 -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    <version>${spring-boot.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 接口文檔組件 -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springdoc</groupId>
    <artifactId>springdoc-openapi-starter-webmvc-ui</artifactId>
    <version>${springdoc.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 前端頁(yè)面組件 -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
    <version>${spring-boot.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 單元測(cè)試組件 -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
    <version>${spring-boot.version}</version>
    <exclusions>
        <exclusion>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
        </exclusion>
    </exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>junit</groupId>
    <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
    <version>${junit.version}</version>
</dependency>

三、Web開(kāi)發(fā)

1、接口開(kāi)發(fā)

編寫(xiě)四個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單常規(guī)的接口，從對(duì)資源操作的角度，也就是常說(shuō)的：增Post、刪Delete、改Put、查Get，并且使用了swagger注解，可以快速生成接口文檔；

@RestController
@Tag(name = "Rest接口")
public class RestWeb {
    @Operation(summary = "Get接口")
    @GetMapping("rest/get/{id}")
    public String restGet(@PathVariable Integer id) {
        return "OK:"+id;
    }
    @Operation(summary = "Post接口")
    @PostMapping("/rest/post")
    public String restPost(@RequestBody ParamBO param){
        return "OK:"+param.getName();
    }
    @Operation(summary = "Put接口")
    @PutMapping("/rest/put")
    public String restPut(@RequestBody ParamBO param){
        return "OK:"+param.getId();
    }
    @Operation(summary = "Delete接口")
    @DeleteMapping("/rest/delete/{id}")
    public String restDelete(@PathVariable Integer id){
        return "OK:"+id;
    }
}

2、頁(yè)面交互

對(duì)于服務(wù)端開(kāi)發(fā)來(lái)說(shuō)，在部分場(chǎng)景下是需要進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單的頁(yè)面開(kāi)發(fā)的，比如通過(guò)頁(yè)面渲染再去生成文件，或者直接通過(guò)頁(yè)面填充郵件內(nèi)容等；

數(shù)據(jù)接口

@Controller
public class PageWeb {
    @RequestMapping("/page/view")
    public ModelAndView pageView (HttpServletRequest request){
        ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView() ;
        // 普通參數(shù)
        modelAndView.addObject("name", "cicada");
        modelAndView.addObject("time", "2023-07-12");
        // 對(duì)象模型
        modelAndView.addObject("page", new PageBO(7,"頁(yè)面數(shù)據(jù)模型"));
        // List集合
        List<PageBO> pageList = new ArrayList<>() ;
        pageList.add(new PageBO(1,"第一頁(yè)"));
        pageList.add(new PageBO(2,"第二頁(yè)"));
        modelAndView.addObject("pageList", pageList);
        // Array數(shù)組
        PageBO[] pageArr = new PageBO[]{new PageBO(6,"第六頁(yè)"),new PageBO(7,"第七頁(yè)")} ;
        modelAndView.addObject("pageArr", pageArr);
        modelAndView.setViewName("/page-view");
        return modelAndView ;
    }
}

頁(yè)面解析：分別解析了普通參數(shù)，實(shí)體對(duì)象，集合容器，數(shù)組容器等幾種數(shù)據(jù)模型；

<div style="text-align: center">
    <hr/>
    <h5>普通參數(shù)解析</h5>
    姓名：<span th:text="${name}"></span>
    時(shí)間：<span th:text="${time}"></span>
    <hr/>
    <h5>對(duì)象模型解析</h5>
    整形：<span th:text="${page.getKey()}"></span>
    字符：<span th:text="${page.getValue()}"></span>
    <hr/>
    <h5>集合容器解析</h5>
    <table style="margin:0 auto;width: 200px">
        <tr>
            <th>Key</th>
            <th>Value</th>
        </tr>
        <tr th:each="page:${pageList}">
            <td th:text="${page.getKey()}"></td>
            <td th:text="${page.getValue()}"></td>
        </tr>
    </table>
    <hr/>
    <h5>數(shù)組容器解析</h5>
    <table style="margin:0 auto;width: 200px">
        <tr>
            <th>Key</th>
            <th>Value</th>
        </tr>
        <tr th:each="page:${pageArr}">
            <td th:text="${page.getKey()}"></td>
            <td th:text="${page.getValue()}"></td>
        </tr>
    </table>
    <hr/>
</div>

效果圖展示

四、攔截器

1、攔截器定義

通過(guò)實(shí)現(xiàn)HandlerInterceptor接口，完成對(duì)兩個(gè)攔截器的自定義，請(qǐng)求在訪問(wèn)服務(wù)時(shí)，必須通過(guò)兩個(gè)攔截器的校驗(yàn)；

/**
 * 攔截器一
 */
public class HeadInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
    private static final Logger log  = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HeadInterceptor.class);
    @Override
    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,
                             Object handler) throws Exception {
        log.info("HeadInterceptor:preHandle");
        Iterator<String> headNames = request.getHeaderNames().asIterator();
        log.info("request-header");
        while (headNames.hasNext()){
            String headName = headNames.next();
            String headValue = request.getHeader(headName);
            System.out.println(headName+":"+headValue);
        }
        // 放開(kāi)攔截
        return true;
    }
    @Override
    public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response,
                           Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
        log.info("HeadInterceptor:postHandle");
    }
    @Override
    public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response,
                                Object handler, Exception e) throws Exception {
        log.info("HeadInterceptor:afterCompletion");
    }
}
/**
 * 攔截器二
 */
public class BodyInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
    private static final Logger log  = LoggerFactory.getLogger(BodyInterceptor.class);
    @Override
    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response,
                             Object handler) throws Exception {
        log.info("BodyInterceptor:preHandle");
        Iterator<String> paramNames = request.getParameterNames().asIterator();
        log.info("request-param");
        while (paramNames.hasNext()){
            String paramName = paramNames.next();
            String paramValue = request.getParameter(paramName);
            System.out.println(paramName+":"+paramValue);
        }
        // 放開(kāi)攔截
        return true;
    }
    @Override
    public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response,
                           Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
        log.info("BodyInterceptor:postHandle");
    }
    @Override
    public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response,
                                Object handler, Exception e) throws Exception {
        log.info("BodyInterceptor:afterCompletion");
    }
}

2、攔截器配置

自定義攔截器之后，還需要添加到web工程的配置文件中，可以通過(guò)實(shí)現(xiàn)WebMvcConfigurer接口，完成自定義的配置添加；

@Configuration
public class WebMvcConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer {
    /**
     * 添加自定義攔截器
     */
    @Override
    public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
        registry.addInterceptor(new HeadInterceptor()).addPathPatterns("/**");
        registry.addInterceptor(new BodyInterceptor()).addPathPatterns("/**");
    }
}

五、測(cè)試工具

1、Swagger接口

添加上述的springdoc依賴之后，還可以在配置文件中簡(jiǎn)單定義一些信息，訪問(wèn)IP:端口/swagger-ui/index.html即可；

@Configuration
public class WebMvcConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer {
    /**
     * 接口文檔配置
     */
    @Bean
    public OpenAPI openAPI() {
        return new OpenAPI()
                .info(new Info().title("【boot-web】").description("Rest接口文檔-2023-07-11")
                .version("1.0.0"));
    }
}

2、Junit測(cè)試

在個(gè)人的習(xí)慣上，Swagger接口文檔更偏向在前后端對(duì)接的時(shí)候使用，而Junit單元測(cè)試更符合開(kāi)發(fā)的時(shí)候使用，這里是對(duì)RestWeb中的接口進(jìn)行測(cè)試；

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
@AutoConfigureMockMvc
public class RestWebTest {
    @Autowired
    private MockMvc mockMvc;
    @Test
    public void testGet () throws Exception {
        // GET接口測(cè)試
        MvcResult mvcResult = mockMvc
                .perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/rest/get/1"))
                .andReturn();
        printMvcResult(mvcResult);
    }
    @Test
    public void testPost () throws Exception {
        // 參數(shù)模型
        JsonMapper jsonMapper = new JsonMapper();
        ParamBO param = new ParamBO(null,"單元測(cè)試",new Date()) ;
        String paramJson = jsonMapper.writeValueAsString(param) ;
        // Post接口測(cè)試
        MvcResult mvcResult = mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.post("/rest/post")
                .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
                .accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON).content(paramJson)).andReturn();
        printMvcResult(mvcResult);
    }
    @Test
    public void testPut () throws Exception {
        // 參數(shù)模型
        JsonMapper jsonMapper = new JsonMapper();
        ParamBO param = new ParamBO(7,"Junit組件",new Date()) ;
        String paramJson = jsonMapper.writeValueAsString(param) ;
        // Put接口測(cè)試
        MvcResult mvcResult = mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.put("/rest/put")
                .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
                .accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON).content(paramJson)).andReturn();
        printMvcResult(mvcResult);
    }
    @Test
    public void testDelete () throws Exception {
        // Delete接口測(cè)試
        MvcResult mvcResult = mockMvc
                .perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.delete("/rest/delete/2"))
                .andReturn();
        printMvcResult(mvcResult);
    }
    /**
     * 打印【MvcResult】信息
     */
    private void printMvcResult (MvcResult mvcResult) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("請(qǐng)求-URI【"+mvcResult.getRequest().getRequestURI()+"】");
        System.out.println("響應(yīng)-status【"+mvcResult.getResponse().getStatus()+"】");
        System.out.println("響應(yīng)-content【"+mvcResult.getResponse().getContentAsString(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)+"】");
    }
}

參考源碼

文檔倉(cāng)庫(kù)：https://gitee.com/cicadasmile/butte-java-note

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