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基于WPF實(shí)現(xiàn)跳動(dòng)的字符效果

 更新時(shí)間:2023年08月10日 08:43:18   作者:czwy  
這篇文章主要和大家介紹一個(gè)好玩但實(shí)際作用可能不太大的動(dòng)畫(huà)效果:跳動(dòng)的字符,本文將利用WPF實(shí)現(xiàn)這一效果,感興趣的小伙伴可以學(xué)習(xí)一下

本文將介紹一個(gè)好玩但實(shí)際作用可能不太大的動(dòng)畫(huà)效果:跳動(dòng)的字符。為了提高動(dòng)畫(huà)效果的可重用性以及調(diào)用的靈活性,通過(guò)Behavior實(shí)現(xiàn)跳動(dòng)的字符動(dòng)畫(huà)。先看下效果:

技術(shù)要點(diǎn)與實(shí)現(xiàn)

通過(guò)TextEffectPositionStartPositionCount屬性控制應(yīng)用動(dòng)畫(huà)效果的子字符串的起始位置以及長(zhǎng)度,同時(shí)使用TranslateTransform設(shè)置字符縱坐標(biāo)的移動(dòng)變換,以實(shí)現(xiàn)跳動(dòng)的效果。主要步驟如下:

  • 在OnAttached方法中,注冊(cè)Loaded事件,在Load事件中為TextBlock添加TextEffect效果,其中PositionCount設(shè)置為1,每次只跳動(dòng)一個(gè)字符。
  • 添加啟動(dòng)動(dòng)畫(huà)效果的BeginEffect方法,并創(chuàng)建控制子字符縱向移動(dòng)變換的線性動(dòng)畫(huà)。然后根據(jù)字符串(剔除空字符)的長(zhǎng)度n,創(chuàng)建n個(gè)關(guān)鍵幀,每個(gè)關(guān)鍵幀中把PositionStart設(shè)置為要跳動(dòng)的字符在字符串中的索引
  • 在開(kāi)啟動(dòng)畫(huà)屬性IsEnabled=trueTextBlock內(nèi)容變化時(shí),啟動(dòng)動(dòng)畫(huà)效果

在創(chuàng)建關(guān)鍵幀設(shè)置跳動(dòng)字符位置時(shí)剔除了空字符,是為了是動(dòng)畫(huà)效果顯得連貫

public class DanceCharEffectBehavior : Behavior<TextBlock>
    {
        private TextEffect _textEffect;
        private string _textEffectName;
        private TranslateTransform _translateTransform = null;
        private string _translateTransformName;
        private Storyboard _storyboard;
        protected override void OnAttached()
        {
            base.OnAttached();
            this.AssociatedObject.Loaded += AssociatedObject_Loaded;
            this.AssociatedObject.Unloaded += AssociatedObject_Unloaded;
            this.AssociatedObject.IsVisibleChanged += AssociatedObject_IsVisibleChanged;
            BindingOperations.SetBinding(this, DanceCharEffectBehavior.InternalTextProperty, new Binding("Text") { Source = this.AssociatedObject });
        }
        protected override void OnDetaching()
        {
            base.OnDetaching();
            this.AssociatedObject.Loaded -= AssociatedObject_Loaded;
            this.AssociatedObject.Unloaded -= AssociatedObject_Unloaded;
            this.AssociatedObject.IsVisibleChanged -= AssociatedObject_IsVisibleChanged;
            this.ClearValue(DanceCharEffectBehavior.InternalTextProperty);
            if (_storyboard != null)
            {
                _storyboard.Remove(this.AssociatedObject);
                _storyboard.Children.Clear();
            }
            if (_textEffect != null)
                this.AssociatedObject.TextEffects.Remove(_textEffect);
        }
        private void AssociatedObject_IsVisibleChanged(object sender, DependencyPropertyChangedEventArgs e)
        {
            if ((bool)e.NewValue == false)
            {
                if (_storyboard != null)
                    _storyboard.Stop(this.AssociatedObject);
            }
            else
            {
                BeginEffect(this.AssociatedObject.Text);
            }
        }
        private void AssociatedObject_Loaded(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            if (_textEffect == null)
            {
                this.AssociatedObject.TextEffects.Add(_textEffect = new TextEffect()
                {
                    PositionCount = 1,
                    Transform = _translateTransform = new TranslateTransform(),
                });
                NameScope.SetNameScope(this.AssociatedObject, new NameScope());
                this.AssociatedObject.RegisterName(_textEffectName = "n" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"), _textEffect);
                this.AssociatedObject.RegisterName(_translateTransformName = "n" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N"), _translateTransform);
                if (IsEnabled)
                    BeginEffect(this.AssociatedObject.Text);
            }
        }
        private void AssociatedObject_Unloaded(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            StopEffect();
        }
        private void SetEffect(string text)
        {
            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(text) || this.AssociatedObject.IsLoaded == false)
            {
                StopEffect();
                return;
            }
            BeginEffect(text);
        }
        private void StopEffect()
        {
            if (_storyboard != null)
            {
                _storyboard.Stop(this.AssociatedObject);
            }
        }
        private void BeginEffect(string text)
        {
            StopEffect();
            int textLength = text.Length;
            if (textLength < 1 || _translateTransformName == null || IsEnabled == false) return;
            if (_storyboard == null)
                _storyboard = new Storyboard();
            double duration = 0.5d;
            DoubleAnimation da = new DoubleAnimation();
            Storyboard.SetTargetName(da, _translateTransformName);
            Storyboard.SetTargetProperty(da, new PropertyPath(TranslateTransform.YProperty));
            da.From = 0d;
            da.To = 10d;
            da.Duration = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(duration / 2d);
            da.RepeatBehavior = RepeatBehavior.Forever;
            da.AutoReverse = true;
            char emptyChar = ' ';
            List<int> lsb = new List<int>();
            for (int i = 0; i < textLength; ++i)
            {
                if (text[i] != emptyChar)
                {
                    lsb.Add(i);
                }
            }
            Int32AnimationUsingKeyFrames frames = new Int32AnimationUsingKeyFrames();
            Storyboard.SetTargetName(frames, _textEffectName);
            Storyboard.SetTargetProperty(frames, new PropertyPath(TextEffect.PositionStartProperty));
            frames.Duration = TimeSpan.FromSeconds((lsb.Count) * duration);
            frames.RepeatBehavior = RepeatBehavior.Forever;
            frames.AutoReverse = true;
            int ii = 0;
            foreach (int index in lsb)
            {
                frames.KeyFrames.Add(new DiscreteInt32KeyFrame()
                {
                    Value = index,
                    KeyTime = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(ii * duration),
                });
                ++ii;
            }
            _storyboard.Children.Add(da);
            _storyboard.Children.Add(frames);
            _storyboard.Begin(this.AssociatedObject, true);
        }
        private string InternalText
        {
            get { return (string)GetValue(InternalTextProperty); }
            set { SetValue(InternalTextProperty, value); }
        }
        private static readonly DependencyProperty InternalTextProperty =
        DependencyProperty.Register("InternalText", typeof(string), typeof(DanceCharEffectBehavior),
        new PropertyMetadata(OnInternalTextChanged));
        private static void OnInternalTextChanged(DependencyObject d, DependencyPropertyChangedEventArgs e)
        {
            var source = d as DanceCharEffectBehavior;
            if (source._storyboard != null)
            {
                source._storyboard.Stop(source.AssociatedObject);
                source._storyboard.Children.Clear();
            }
            source.SetEffect(e.NewValue == null ? string.Empty : e.NewValue.ToString());
        }
        public bool IsEnabled
        {
            get { return (bool)GetValue(IsEnabledProperty); }
            set { SetValue(IsEnabledProperty, value); }
        }
        public static readonly DependencyProperty IsEnabledProperty =
            DependencyProperty.Register("IsEnabled", typeof(bool), typeof(DanceCharEffectBehavior), new PropertyMetadata(true, (d, e) =>
            {
                bool b = (bool)e.NewValue;
                var source = d as DanceCharEffectBehavior;
                source.SetEffect(source.InternalText);
            }));
    }

調(diào)用的時(shí)候只需要在TextBlock添加Behavior即可,代碼如下

<TextBlock FontSize="20" Text="Hello">
    <i:Interaction.Behaviors>
        <local:DanceCharEffectBehavior x:Name="titleEffect" IsEnabled="True" />
    </i:Interaction.Behaviors>
</TextBlock>

結(jié)尾

本例中還有許多可以完善的地方,比如字符跳動(dòng)的幅度可以根據(jù)實(shí)際的FontSize來(lái)設(shè)置,或者增加依賴屬性來(lái)控制;動(dòng)畫(huà)是否倒退播放,是否循環(huán)播放,以及動(dòng)畫(huà)的速度都可以通過(guò)增加依賴屬性在調(diào)用時(shí)靈活設(shè)置。

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