Java集合之LinkedHashSet類詳解
LinkedHashSet類
LinkedHashSet是HashSet的子類;
LinkedHashSet底層是一個LinkedHashMap,底層維護了一個數(shù)組+雙向鏈表;
LinkedHashSet根據(jù)元素的hashCode值來決定元素的存儲位置,同時使用鏈表維護元素的次序,這使得元素看起來是以插入順序保存的;
- 在LinkedHashSet中維護了一個hash表和雙向鏈表(LinkedHshSet有head和tail);
- 每一個節(jié)點有pre和next屬性,這樣可以形成雙向鏈表;
- 在添加一個元素時,先求hash值,再求索引,確定該元素在hashtable的位置,然后將添加的元素加入到雙向鏈表(如果已經存儲過相同元素,則不再添加,原則和HashSet相同)
tail.next = newElement; //簡單指定 newElement.pre = tail; tail = newElement;? //重置tail,為添加下一個元素做準備
- 遍歷LinkedHashSet能確保插入循序和遍歷順序一致。
LinkedHashSet不允許添加重復元素。
底層源碼分析
測試代碼
package com.pero.set_; import java.util.Iterator; import java.util.LinkedHashSet; /** * LinkedHashSet的底層運行機制 * * @author Pero * @version 1.0 */ @SuppressWarnings({"all"}) public class LinkedHashSetSource { public static void main(String[] args) { LinkedHashSet linkedHashSet = new LinkedHashSet(); linkedHashSet.add(new String("AA")); linkedHashSet.add(456); linkedHashSet.add(456); linkedHashSet.add(new Employee("jake", 28)); linkedHashSet.add(123); linkedHashSet.add("pero"); Iterator iterator = linkedHashSet.iterator(); while (iterator.hasNext()) { Object next = iterator.next(); System.out.println(next); } for (Object o : linkedHashSet) { System.out.println(o); } //1.LinkedHashSet 加入順序和取出元素/數(shù)據(jù)的順序一致 //2.LinkedHashSet 底層維護的是一個LinkedHashMap(是HashMap的子類) //3.LinkedHashSet 底層結構(數(shù)組+雙向鏈表) //4.第一次添加元素時,直接將 數(shù)組table擴容到16個空間,table類型是HashMap$Node類, // 存放的節(jié)點類型不再是Node類型,而是LinkedHashMap$Entry類,并且是HashMap$Node類的子類或者實現(xiàn)類關系 // 子類對象可以存放到父類的數(shù)組中(多態(tài)數(shù)組),否則節(jié)點無法存放到table數(shù)組 } }
源碼運行流程
1.執(zhí)行構造器
public LinkedHashSet() { super(16, .75f, true); }
HashSet(int initialCapacity, float loadFactor, boolean dummy) { map = new LinkedHashMap<>(initialCapacity, loadFactor); }
public LinkedHashMap(int initialCapacity, float loadFactor) { super(initialCapacity, loadFactor); accessOrder = false; }
public HashMap(int initialCapacity, float loadFactor) { if (initialCapacity < 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal initial capacity: " + initialCapacity); if (initialCapacity > MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) initialCapacity = MAXIMUM_CAPACITY; if (loadFactor <= 0 || Float.isNaN(loadFactor)) throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal load factor: " + loadFactor); this.loadFactor = loadFactor; this.threshold = tableSizeFor(initialCapacity); }
/** * Returns a power of two size for the given target capacity. */ static final int tableSizeFor(int cap) { int n = cap - 1; n |= n >>> 1; n |= n >>> 2; n |= n >>> 4; n |= n >>> 8; n |= n >>> 16; return (n < 0) ? 1 : (n >= MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) ? MAXIMUM_CAPACITY : n + 1; }
2執(zhí)行add()方法,添加元素
public boolean add(E e) { return map.put(e, PRESENT)==null; }
public V put(K key, V value) { return putVal(hash(key), key, value, false, true); }
static final int hash(Object key) { int h; return (key == null) ? 0 : (h = key.hashCode()) ^ (h >>> 16); }
public int hashCode() { int h = hash; if (h == 0 && value.length > 0) { char val[] = value; for (int i = 0; i < value.length; i++) { h = 31 * h + val[i]; } hash = h; } return h; }
final V putVal(int hash, K key, V value, boolean onlyIfAbsent, boolean evict) { Node<K,V>[] tab; Node<K,V> p; int n, i; if ((tab = table) == null || (n = tab.length) == 0) n = (tab = resize()).length; if ((p = tab[i = (n - 1) & hash]) == null) tab[i] = newNode(hash, key, value, null); else { Node<K,V> e; K k; if (p.hash == hash && ((k = p.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k)))) e = p; else if (p instanceof TreeNode) e = ((TreeNode<K,V>)p).putTreeVal(this, tab, hash, key, value); else { for (int binCount = 0; ; ++binCount) { if ((e = p.next) == null) { p.next = newNode(hash, key, value, null); if (binCount >= TREEIFY_THRESHOLD - 1) // -1 for 1st treeifyBin(tab, hash); break; } if (e.hash == hash && ((k = e.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k)))) break; p = e; } } if (e != null) { // existing mapping for key V oldValue = e.value; if (!onlyIfAbsent || oldValue == null) e.value = value; afterNodeAccess(e); return oldValue; } } ++modCount; if (++size > threshold) resize(); afterNodeInsertion(evict); return null; }
final Node<K,V>[] resize() { Node<K,V>[] oldTab = table; int oldCap = (oldTab == null) ? 0 : oldTab.length; int oldThr = threshold; int newCap, newThr = 0; if (oldCap > 0) { if (oldCap >= MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) { threshold = Integer.MAX_VALUE; return oldTab; } else if ((newCap = oldCap << 1) < MAXIMUM_CAPACITY && oldCap >= DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY) newThr = oldThr << 1; // double threshold } else if (oldThr > 0) // initial capacity was placed in threshold newCap = oldThr; else { // zero initial threshold signifies using defaults newCap = DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY; newThr = (int)(DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR * DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY); } if (newThr == 0) { float ft = (float)newCap * loadFactor; newThr = (newCap < MAXIMUM_CAPACITY && ft < (float)MAXIMUM_CAPACITY ? (int)ft : Integer.MAX_VALUE); } threshold = newThr; @SuppressWarnings({"rawtypes","unchecked"}) Node<K,V>[] newTab = (Node<K,V>[])new Node[newCap]; table = newTab; if (oldTab != null) { for (int j = 0; j < oldCap; ++j) { Node<K,V> e; if ((e = oldTab[j]) != null) { oldTab[j] = null; if (e.next == null) newTab[e.hash & (newCap - 1)] = e; else if (e instanceof TreeNode) ((TreeNode<K,V>)e).split(this, newTab, j, oldCap); else { // preserve order Node<K,V> loHead = null, loTail = null; Node<K,V> hiHead = null, hiTail = null; Node<K,V> next; do { next = e.next; if ((e.hash & oldCap) == 0) { if (loTail == null) loHead = e; else loTail.next = e; loTail = e; } else { if (hiTail == null) hiHead = e; else hiTail.next = e; hiTail = e; } } while ((e = next) != null); if (loTail != null) { loTail.next = null; newTab[j] = loHead; } if (hiTail != null) { hiTail.next = null; newTab[j + oldCap] = hiHead; } } } } } return newTab; }
Node<K,V> newNode(int hash, K key, V value, Node<K,V> e) { LinkedHashMap.Entry<K,V> p = new LinkedHashMap.Entry<K,V>(hash, key, value, e); linkNodeLast(p); return p; }
static class Entry<K,V> extends HashMap.Node<K,V> { //該內部類起著作為生成節(jié)點的作用,可以生成雙向鏈表 //after指向當前節(jié)點的下一個節(jié)點 //before指向當前節(jié)點的上一個節(jié)點 Entry<K,V> before, after; Entry(int hash, K key, V value, Node<K,V> next) { super(hash, key, value, next); } }
private void linkNodeLast(LinkedHashMap.Entry<K,V> p) { LinkedHashMap.Entry<K,V> last = tail; tail = p; if (last == null) head = p; else { p.before = last; last.after = p; } }
練習代碼
package com.pero.set_; import java.util.LinkedHashSet; import java.util.Objects; /** * Car類(屬性:name ,price)如果name和price都一樣, * 則認為是相同元素,不能添加到LinkedHashSet中 * * @author Pero * @version 1.0 */ @SuppressWarnings({"all"}) public class LinkedHashSetExercise { public static void main(String[] args) { LinkedHashSet linkedHashSet = new LinkedHashSet(); linkedHashSet.add(new Car("保時捷", 1200000)); linkedHashSet.add(new Car("奧迪", 600000)); linkedHashSet.add(new Car("寶馬", 800000)); linkedHashSet.add(new Car("奔馳", 3000000)); linkedHashSet.add(new Car("法拉利", 9000000)); linkedHashSet.add(new Car("保時捷", 1200000)); for (Object o :linkedHashSet) { System.out.println(o); } } } class Car { private String name; private double price; public Car(String name, double price) { this.name = name; this.price = price; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public double getPrice() { return price; } public void setPrice(double price) { this.price = price; } @Override public boolean equals(Object o) { if (this == o) return true; if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false; Car car = (Car) o; return Double.compare(car.price, price) == 0 && Objects.equals(name, car.name); } @Override public int hashCode() { return Objects.hash(name, price); } @Override public String toString() { return "Car{" + name + price + '}'; } }
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