/**
 * @author Clinton Begin
 */
public interface TypeHandler<T> {
  /**
   * 負(fù)責(zé)將Java類型轉(zhuǎn)換為JDBC的類型
   *    本質(zhì)上執(zhí)行的就是JDBC操作中的 如下操作
   *        String sql = "SELECT id,user_name,real_name,password,age,d_id from t_user where id = ? and user_name = ?";
   *        ps = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
   *        ps.setInt(1,2);
   *        ps.setString(2,"張三");
   * @param ps
   * @param i 對(duì)應(yīng)占位符的 位置
   * @param parameter 占位符對(duì)應(yīng)的值
   * @param jdbcType 對(duì)應(yīng)的 jdbcType 類型
   * @throws SQLException
   */
  void setParameter(PreparedStatement ps, int i, T parameter, JdbcType jdbcType) throws SQLException;
  /**
   * 從ResultSet中獲取數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)會(huì)調(diào)用此方法，會(huì)將數(shù)據(jù)由JdbcType轉(zhuǎn)換為Java類型
   * @param columnName Colunm name, when configuration <code>useColumnLabel</code> is <code>false</code>
   */
  T getResult(ResultSet rs, String columnName) throws SQLException;
  T getResult(ResultSet rs, int columnIndex) throws SQLException;
  T getResult(CallableStatement cs, int columnIndex) throws SQLException;
}

/**
 * @author Clinton Begin
 */
public class IntegerTypeHandler extends BaseTypeHandler<Integer> {
  @Override
  public void setNonNullParameter(PreparedStatement ps, int i, Integer parameter, JdbcType jdbcType)
      throws SQLException {
    ps.setInt(i, parameter); // 實(shí)現(xiàn)參數(shù)的綁定
  }
  @Override
  public Integer getNullableResult(ResultSet rs, String columnName)
      throws SQLException {
    int result = rs.getInt(columnName); // 獲取指定列的值
    return result == 0 && rs.wasNull() ? null : result;
  }
  @Override
  public Integer getNullableResult(ResultSet rs, int columnIndex)
      throws SQLException {
    int result = rs.getInt(columnIndex); // 獲取指定列的值
    return result == 0 && rs.wasNull() ? null : result;
  }
  @Override
  public Integer getNullableResult(CallableStatement cs, int columnIndex)
      throws SQLException {
    int result = cs.getInt(columnIndex); // 獲取指定列的值
    return result == 0 && cs.wasNull() ? null : result;
  }
}

  // 記錄JdbcType和TypeHandle的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系
  private final Map<JdbcType, TypeHandler<?>>  jdbcTypeHandlerMap = new EnumMap<>(JdbcType.class);
  // 記錄Java類型向指定的JdbcType轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí)需要使用到的TypeHandle
  private final Map<Type, Map<JdbcType, TypeHandler<?>>> typeHandlerMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
  private final TypeHandler<Object> unknownTypeHandler;
  // 記錄全部的TypeHandle類型及對(duì)應(yīng)的TypeHandle對(duì)象
  private final Map<Class<?>, TypeHandler<?>> allTypeHandlersMap = new HashMap<>();
  // 空TypeHandle的標(biāo)識(shí)
  private static final Map<JdbcType, TypeHandler<?>> NULL_TYPE_HANDLER_MAP = Collections.emptyMap();

  /**
   * 根據(jù)對(duì)應(yīng)的Java類型和Jdbc類型來查找對(duì)應(yīng)的TypeHandle
   */
  private <T> TypeHandler<T> getTypeHandler(Type type, JdbcType jdbcType) {
    if (ParamMap.class.equals(type)) {
      return null;
    }
    // 根據(jù)Java類型獲取對(duì)應(yīng)的 Jdbc類型和TypeHandle的集合容器
    Map<JdbcType, TypeHandler<?>> jdbcHandlerMap = getJdbcHandlerMap(type);
    TypeHandler<?> handler = null;
    if (jdbcHandlerMap != null) {
      // 根據(jù)Jdbc類型獲取對(duì)應(yīng)的 處理器
      handler = jdbcHandlerMap.get(jdbcType);
      if (handler == null) {
        // 獲取null對(duì)應(yīng)的處理器
        handler = jdbcHandlerMap.get(null);
      }
      if (handler == null) {
        // #591
        handler = pickSoleHandler(jdbcHandlerMap);
      }
    }
    // type drives generics here
    return (TypeHandler<T>) handler;
  }

  public void registerAlias(String alias, Class<?> value) {
    if (alias == null) {
      throw new TypeException("The parameter alias cannot be null");
    }
    // issue #748 別名統(tǒng)一轉(zhuǎn)換為小寫
    String key = alias.toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH);
    // 檢測(cè)別名是否存在
    if (typeAliases.containsKey(key) && typeAliases.get(key) != null && !typeAliases.get(key).equals(value)) {
      throw new TypeException("The alias '" + alias + "' is already mapped to the value '" + typeAliases.get(key).getName() + "'.");
    }
    // 將 別名 和 類型 添加到 Map 集合中
    typeAliases.put(key, value);
  }

  protected <T> Class<? extends T> resolveClass(String alias) {
    if (alias == null) {
      return null;
    }
    try {
      return resolveAlias(alias); // 別名處理
    } catch (Exception e) {
      throw new BuilderException("Error resolving class. Cause: " + e, e);
    }
  }
  protected <T> Class<? extends T> resolveAlias(String alias) {
    return typeAliasRegistry.resolveAlias(alias); // 根據(jù)別名查找真實(shí)的類型
  }

  /**
  * 為 SQL 語句中的 ？ 占位符 綁定實(shí)參
  */
  @Override
  public void setParameters(PreparedStatement ps) {
    ErrorContext.instance().activity("setting parameters").object(mappedStatement.getParameterMap().getId());
      // 取出SQL中的參數(shù)映射列表
    List<ParameterMapping> parameterMappings = boundSql.getParameterMappings(); // 獲取對(duì)應(yīng)的占位符
    if (parameterMappings != null) {
      for (int i = 0; i < parameterMappings.size(); i++) {
        ParameterMapping parameterMapping = parameterMappings.get(i);
        if (parameterMapping.getMode() != ParameterMode.OUT) { // 過濾掉存儲(chǔ)過程中的 輸出參數(shù)
          Object value;
          String propertyName = parameterMapping.getProperty();
          if (boundSql.hasAdditionalParameter(propertyName)) { // issue #448 ask first for additional params
            value = boundSql.getAdditionalParameter(propertyName);
          } else if (parameterObject == null) {
            value = null;
          } else if (typeHandlerRegistry.hasTypeHandler(parameterObject.getClass())) { // 
            value = parameterObject;
          } else {
            MetaObject metaObject = configuration.newMetaObject(parameterObject);
            value = metaObject.getValue(propertyName);
          }
          // 獲取 參數(shù)類型 對(duì)應(yīng)的 類型處理器
          TypeHandler typeHandler = parameterMapping.getTypeHandler();
          JdbcType jdbcType = parameterMapping.getJdbcType();
          if (value == null && jdbcType == null) {
            jdbcType = configuration.getJdbcTypeForNull();
          }
          try {
            // 通過TypeHandler 處理參數(shù)
            typeHandler.setParameter(ps, i + 1, value, jdbcType);
          } catch (TypeException | SQLException e) {
            throw new TypeException("Could not set parameters for mapping: " + parameterMapping + ". Cause: " + e, e);
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }