SpringBoot采用Dynamic-Datasource方式實(shí)現(xiàn)多JDBC數(shù)據(jù)源

更新時(shí)間：2023年10月09日 15:27:29 作者：Bulut0907

在某些情況下,如果我們需要配置多個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)源,本文主要介紹了SpringBoot采用Dynamic-Datasource方式實(shí)現(xiàn)多JDBC數(shù)據(jù)源,具有一定的參考價(jià)值,感興趣的可以了解一下

1.1 特性

提供本地多數(shù)據(jù)源事務(wù)方案。由AOP實(shí)現(xiàn)
支持?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)源分組，適用于多種場(chǎng)景，如多庫(kù)讀寫(xiě)分離、一主多從(實(shí)現(xiàn)了數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)負(fù)載均衡算法)、混合模式
提供自定義數(shù)據(jù)源來(lái)源方案(如全從數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)加載)
提供項(xiàng)目啟動(dòng)后動(dòng)態(tài)增加移除數(shù)據(jù)源方案
支持?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)庫(kù)敏感配置信息加密(可自定義)ENC()
支持每個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)獨(dú)立初始化表結(jié)構(gòu)schema和數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)database
支持無(wú)數(shù)據(jù)源啟動(dòng)，支持懶加載數(shù)據(jù)源(需要的時(shí)候再創(chuàng)建連接)
支持自定義注解，需繼承DS(3.2.0+)
提供并簡(jiǎn)化對(duì)Druid、HikariCp、BeeCp、Dbcp2的快速集成
提供對(duì)Mybatis-Plus、Quartz、ShardingJdbc、P6sy、Jndi等組件的集成方案
提供Mybatis環(huán)境下的純讀寫(xiě)分離方案
提供使用spel動(dòng)態(tài)參數(shù)解析數(shù)據(jù)源方案。內(nèi)置spel、session、header，支持自定義
支持多層數(shù)據(jù)源嵌套切換。(ServiceA >>> ServiceB >>> ServiceC)
支持Seata分布式事務(wù)

1.2 Mysql數(shù)據(jù)準(zhǔn)備

分別創(chuàng)建read_db.user和write_db.user，并向read_db.user寫(xiě)入數(shù)據(jù)

mysql> create database read_db;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.14 sec)
mysql> create database write_db;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> create table read_db.user (
    -> id bigint(20) auto_increment not null comment '主鍵ID',
    -> name varchar(30) null default null comment '姓名',
    -> primary key (id)
    -> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.29 sec)
mysql> 
mysql> insert into read_db.user (id, name) values
    -> (1, 'read_name1'),
    -> (2, 'read_name2'),
    -> (3, 'read_name3'),
    -> (4, 'read_name4'),
    -> (5, 'read_name5');
Query OK, 5 rows affected (0.16 sec)
Records: 5  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0
mysql> 
mysql> create table write_db.user (
    -> id bigint(20) auto_increment not null comment '主鍵ID',
    -> name varchar(30) null default null comment '姓名',
    -> primary key (id)
    -> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.04 sec)
mysql>

2.2 通過(guò)Dynamic-Datasource實(shí)現(xiàn)多JDBC數(shù)據(jù)源

2.2.1 pom.xml依賴

        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>8.0.31</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.15</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.baomidou</groupId>
            <artifactId>dynamic-datasource-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>3.5.2</version>
        </dependency>

可以看到自動(dòng)添加了spring-boot-starter-jdbc、spring-boot-starter-aop依賴

dynamic-datasource-spring-boot-starter

2.2.2 application.properties配置

通過(guò)dynamic方式，指定了datasource1和datasource2兩個(gè)DataSource

spring.datasource.type=com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
# 設(shè)置默認(rèn)的數(shù)據(jù)源。默認(rèn)是master
spring.datasource.dynamic.primary=datasource1
# 嚴(yán)格匹配數(shù)據(jù)源, 默認(rèn)false。true表示未匹配到指定數(shù)據(jù)源時(shí)拋異常, false表示使用默認(rèn)數(shù)據(jù)源
spring.datasource.dynamic.strict=true
# 用于讀的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)
spring.datasource.dynamic.datasource.datasource1.url=jdbc:mysql://192.168.28.12:3306/read_db
spring.datasource.dynamic.datasource.datasource1.username=root
spring.datasource.dynamic.datasource.datasource1.password=Root_123
spring.datasource.dynamic.datasource.datasource1.driver-class-name=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
# 用于寫(xiě)的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)
spring.datasource.dynamic.datasource.datasource2.url=jdbc:mysql://192.168.28.12:3306/write_db
spring.datasource.dynamic.datasource.datasource2.username=root
spring.datasource.dynamic.datasource.datasource2.password=Root_123
spring.datasource.dynamic.datasource.datasource2.driver-class-name=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver

2.2.3 使用@DS注解選擇DataSource

可以在Service的類(lèi)或方法上(優(yōu)先級(jí)更高)使用@DS注解選擇DataSource

2.2.4 使用@Transactional + @DSTransactional實(shí)現(xiàn)事務(wù)

可以在Service的類(lèi)或方法上(優(yōu)先級(jí)更高)使用@Transactional實(shí)現(xiàn)事務(wù)。對(duì)異常的捕獲后，通過(guò) TransactionAspectSupport.currentTransactionStatus().setRollbackOnly() 進(jìn)行手動(dòng)回滾

@Transactional注解會(huì)讓@DS的多數(shù)據(jù)源切換失效，雖然可以通過(guò) @Transactional(propagation = Propagation.REQUIRES_NEW) 開(kāi)啟一個(gè)內(nèi)部子事務(wù)來(lái)使@DS切換數(shù)據(jù)源，但是大部分場(chǎng)景不適用

@DSTransactional能和@DS多數(shù)據(jù)源切換配合使用，@DSTransactional注解最好使用在方法上(類(lèi)似好像不生效)，@DSTransactional注解不能對(duì)異常進(jìn)行捕獲手動(dòng)回滾，只能自動(dòng)回滾然后拋出異常

2.3 動(dòng)態(tài)數(shù)據(jù)源測(cè)試

2.3.1 創(chuàng)建User類(lèi)

package com.hh.springboottest.myController;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import lombok.ToString;
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
@Data
@ToString
public class User {
    private Long id;
    private String name;
}

2.3.2 Mapper接口實(shí)現(xiàn)

package com.hh.springboottest.mapper;
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.core.mapper.BaseMapper;
import com.hh.springboottest.myController.User;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Mapper;
@Mapper
public interface UserMapper extends BaseMapper<User> {
}

2.3.3 Service實(shí)現(xiàn)

Service接口實(shí)現(xiàn)

package com.hh.springboottest.service;
import com.hh.springboottest.myController.User;
public interface UserService {
    public User getUser(Long id);
    public void saveMultiUser();
}

ServiceImpl實(shí)現(xiàn)類(lèi)。說(shuō)明如下：

@DS(“datasource1”)注解，讓userMapper.selectById使用了datasource1數(shù)據(jù)源
@DS(“datasource2”)注解，讓userMapper.insert使用了datasource2數(shù)據(jù)源
@Transactional注解，當(dāng)userMapper.insert(user1)執(zhí)行成功，userMapper.insert(user2)執(zhí)行失敗，會(huì)回滾userMapper.insert(user1)的操作

package com.hh.springboottest.service.impl;
import com.baomidou.dynamic.datasource.annotation.DS;
import com.hh.springboottest.mapper.UserMapper;
import com.hh.springboottest.myController.User;
import com.hh.springboottest.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
@Service
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
    @Autowired
    UserMapper userMapper;
    @DS("datasource1")
    @Override
    public User getUser(Long id) {
        return userMapper.selectById(id);
    }
    @Transactional
    @DS("datasource2")
    @Override
    public void saveMultiUser() {
        User user2 = new User(2L, "write_name2");
        userMapper.insert(user2);
        User user3 = new User(3L, "write_name3");
        userMapper.insert(user3);
    }
}

2.3.4 測(cè)試

package com.hh.springboottest;
import com.hh.springboottest.myController.User;
import com.hh.springboottest.service.UserService;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
@Slf4j
@SpringBootTest
public class MyApplicationTest {
    @Autowired
    UserService userService;
    @Test
    public void dynamicDataSourceTest() {
        User user = userService.getUser(1L);
        log.info("獲取到的用戶為：{}", user);
        userService.saveMultiUser();
    }
}

運(yùn)行程序，結(jié)果如下：

2022-11-24 09:16:15.733 INFO 33760 --- [ main] com.hh.springboottest.MyApplicationTest : 獲取到的用戶為：User(id=1, name=read_name1)
2022-11-24 09:16:15.857 INFO 33760 --- [ionShutdownHook] c.b.d.d.DynamicRoutingDataSource : dynamic-datasource start closing ....
2022-11-24 09:16:15.861 INFO 33760 --- [ionShutdownHook] com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource : {dataSource-1} closing ...
2022-11-24 09:16:15.866 INFO 33760 --- [ionShutdownHook] com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource : {dataSource-1} closed
2022-11-24 09:16:15.866 INFO 33760 --- [ionShutdownHook] com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource : {dataSource-2} closing ...
2022-11-24 09:16:15.867 INFO 33760 --- [ionShutdownHook] com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource : {dataSource-2} closed
2022-11-24 09:16:15.867 INFO 33760 --- [ionShutdownHook] c.b.d.d.DynamicRoutingDataSource : dynamic-datasource all closed success,bye

同時(shí)查看write_db.user表，數(shù)據(jù)如下：

mysql> select * from write_db.user;
+----+--------------+
| id | name         |
+----+--------------+
|  1 | write_name1  |
|  2 | write_name2  |
|  3 | write_name3  |
+----+--------------+
3 rows in set (0.11 sec)
mysql>

2.4 removeDataSource刪除DataSource

通過(guò)DynamicRoutingDataSource的removeDataSource方法刪除DataSource

package com.hh.springboottest.service.impl;
import com.baomidou.dynamic.datasource.DynamicRoutingDataSource;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
@Service
public class DataSourceServiceImpl implements DataSourceService {
    @Autowired
    DataSource dataSource;
    public void removeDataSource(String dataSourceName) {
        DynamicRoutingDataSource dynamicRoutingDataSource =
                (DynamicRoutingDataSource) dataSource;
        dynamicRoutingDataSource.removeDataSource(dataSourceName);
    }
}

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