public class A {
	@Autowired
    private B b;
}

public class B {
	@Autowired
    private A a;
}

public class C {
    private D d;
    @Autowired
    public C(D d) {
        this.dService = dService;
    }
}

public class D {
    private C c;
    @Autowired
    public D(C c) {
        this.c = c;
    }
}

// 一級緩存
private final Map<String, Object> singletonObjects = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(256);
// 二級緩存
private final Map<String, Object> earlySingletonObjects = new HashMap<>(16);
// 三級緩存
private final Map<String, ObjectFactory<?>> singletonFactories = new HashMap<>(16);

protected Object doCreateBean(String beanName, RootBeanDefinition mbd, @Nullable Object[] args)
        throws BeanCreationException {

    // Instantiate the bean.
    BeanWrapper instanceWrapper = null;
    if (mbd.isSingleton()) {
        instanceWrapper = this.factoryBeanInstanceCache.remove(beanName);
    }
    // 通過BeanDefinition實例化對象
    if (instanceWrapper == null) {
        instanceWrapper = createBeanInstance(beanName, mbd, args);
    }
    Object bean = instanceWrapper.getWrappedInstance();
    Class<?> beanType = instanceWrapper.getWrappedClass();
    if (beanType != NullBean.class) {
        mbd.resolvedTargetType = beanType;
    }

    // Allow post-processors to modify the merged bean definition.
    synchronized (mbd.postProcessingLock) {
        if (!mbd.postProcessed) {
            try {
                applyMergedBeanDefinitionPostProcessors(mbd, beanType, beanName);
            }
            catch (Throwable ex) {
                throw new BeanCreationException(mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName,
                        "Post-processing of merged bean definition failed", ex);
            }
            mbd.postProcessed = true;
        }
    }

    // Eagerly cache singletons to be able to resolve circular references
    // even when triggered by lifecycle interfaces like BeanFactoryAware.
    // 對象是否單例、是否未創(chuàng)建完成
    boolean earlySingletonExposure = (mbd.isSingleton() && this.allowCircularReferences &&
            isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(beanName));
    if (earlySingletonExposure) {
        if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
            logger.trace("Eagerly caching bean '" + beanName +
                    "' to allow for resolving potential circular references");
        }
        // 將對象的工廠加入到三級緩存
        addSingletonFactory(beanName, () -> getEarlyBeanReference(beanName, mbd, bean));
    }

    // Initialize the bean instance.
    Object exposedObject = bean;
    try {
        // 屬性注入 (在這里解析@Autowired注解時，觸發(fā)循環(huán)依賴）
        populateBean(beanName, mbd, instanceWrapper);
        // 初始化
        exposedObject = initializeBean(beanName, exposedObject, mbd);
    }
    catch (Throwable ex) {
        if (ex instanceof BeanCreationException && beanName.equals(((BeanCreationException) ex).getBeanName())) {
            throw (BeanCreationException) ex;
        }
        else {
            throw new BeanCreationException(
                    mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName, "Initialization of bean failed", ex);
        }
    }

    if (earlySingletonExposure) {
        // 從緩存中獲取 Bean
        Object earlySingletonReference = getSingleton(beanName, false);
        if (earlySingletonReference != null) {
            if (exposedObject == bean) {
                exposedObject = earlySingletonReference;
            }
            else if (!this.allowRawInjectionDespiteWrapping && hasDependentBean(beanName)) {
                String[] dependentBeans = getDependentBeans(beanName);
                Set<String> actualDependentBeans = new LinkedHashSet<>(dependentBeans.length);
                for (String dependentBean : dependentBeans) {
                    if (!removeSingletonIfCreatedForTypeCheckOnly(dependentBean)) {
                        actualDependentBeans.add(dependentBean);
                    }
                }
                if (!actualDependentBeans.isEmpty()) {
                    throw new BeanCurrentlyInCreationException(beanName,
                            "Bean with name '" + beanName + "' has been injected into other beans [" +
                            StringUtils.collectionToCommaDelimitedString(actualDependentBeans) +
                            "] in its raw version as part of a circular reference, but has eventually been " +
                            "wrapped. This means that said other beans do not use the final version of the " +
                            "bean. This is often the result of over-eager type matching - consider using " +
                            "'getBeanNamesForType' with the 'allowEagerInit' flag turned off, for example.");
                }
            }
        }
    }

    // Register bean as disposable.
    try {
        registerDisposableBeanIfNecessary(beanName, bean, mbd);
    }
    catch (BeanDefinitionValidationException ex) {
        throw new BeanCreationException(
                mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName, "Invalid destruction signature", ex);
    }

    return exposedObject;
}

protected Object getSingleton(String beanName, boolean allowEarlyReference) {
    // Quick check for existing instance without full singleton lock
    Object singletonObject = this.singletonObjects.get(beanName);
    // 從一級緩存中獲取
    // 如果一級緩存里沒有，且 Bean 正在創(chuàng)建中
    // 就從二級緩存里獲取
    if (singletonObject == null && isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(beanName)) {
        singletonObject = this.earlySingletonObjects.get(beanName);
        // 二級緩存沒有，就從三級緩存獲取一個工廠
        if (singletonObject == null && allowEarlyReference) {
            synchronized (this.singletonObjects) {
                // Consistent creation of early reference within full sin
                singletonObject = this.singletonObjects.get(beanName);
                if (singletonObject == null) {
                    singletonObject = this.earlySingletonObjects.get(beanName);
                    if (singletonObject == null) {
                        ObjectFactory<?> singletonFactory = this.singletonFactories.get(beanName);
                        if (singletonFactory != null) {
                            // 能獲取到工廠則創(chuàng)建 Bean
                            singletonObject = singletonFactory.getObject();
                            // 把實例存入二級緩存
                            this.earlySingletonObjects.put(beanName, singletonObject);
                            // 把工廠從三級緩存移除
                            this.singletonFactories.remove(beanName);
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    return singletonObject;
}