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淺析WPF中控件拖拽與拖動(dòng)的實(shí)現(xiàn)

 更新時(shí)間:2023年12月08日 15:05:36   作者:公子小六  
這篇文章主要為大家詳細(xì)介紹了如何在WPF中實(shí)現(xiàn)控件拖拽與拖動(dòng)的功能,文中的示例代碼講解詳細(xì),感興趣的小伙伴可以跟隨小編一起學(xué)習(xí)一下

使用過(guò)office的visio軟件畫(huà)圖的小伙伴都知道,畫(huà)圖軟件分為兩部分,左側(cè)圖形庫(kù),存放各種圖標(biāo),右側(cè)是一個(gè)畫(huà)布,將左側(cè)圖形庫(kù)的圖標(biāo)控件拖拽到右側(cè)畫(huà)布,就會(huì)生成一個(gè)新的控件,并且可以自由拖動(dòng)。那如何在WPF程序中,實(shí)現(xiàn)類(lèi)似的功能呢?今天就以一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的小例子,簡(jiǎn)述如何在WPF中實(shí)現(xiàn)控件的拖拽和拖動(dòng),僅供學(xué)習(xí)分享使用,如有不足之處,還請(qǐng)指正。

涉及知識(shí)點(diǎn)

WPF控件的拖拽與拖動(dòng),主要涉及知識(shí)點(diǎn)如下所示:

  • 容器布局,本示例采用左右布局,主容器采用Grid并分成兩列進(jìn)行布局,左側(cè)圖標(biāo)庫(kù)采用UniformGrid布局,右側(cè)畫(huà)布采用Canvas布局。
  • 控件拖拽,當(dāng)圖標(biāo)庫(kù)中的圖標(biāo)控件被鼠標(biāo)按下時(shí),通過(guò)調(diào)用 DragDrop.DoDragDrop方法實(shí)現(xiàn)拖拽功能,并且設(shè)置畫(huà)布的AllowDrop屬性為true,并觸發(fā)拖拽松開(kāi)事件
  • 控件拖動(dòng),當(dāng)圖標(biāo)庫(kù)中的圖標(biāo)拖拽到新畫(huà)布容器后,就會(huì)生成一個(gè)新的控件,通過(guò)屬性按下事件,鼠標(biāo)移動(dòng)事件,鼠標(biāo)升起事件,來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)控件的拖動(dòng)。

實(shí)現(xiàn)步驟

1. 頁(yè)面布局

根據(jù)布局說(shuō)明,頁(yè)面分為左右兩部分【Grid容器】,左側(cè)圖標(biāo)庫(kù)【UniformGrid】,右側(cè)畫(huà)布【Canvas】,如下所示:

<Window x:Class="DemoDragAndDrop.MainWindow"
        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        xmlns:i="http://schemas.microsoft.com/xaml/behaviors"
        xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
        xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
        xmlns:local="clr-namespace:DemoDragAndDrop"
        mc:Ignorable="d"
        Title="MainWindow" Height="450" Width="800">
    <i:Interaction.Triggers>
        <i:EventTrigger EventName="Loaded">
            <i:InvokeCommandAction Command="{Binding WinLoadedCommand}" CommandParameter="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource Mode=FindAncestor, AncestorType=Window}}"/>
        </i:EventTrigger>
    </i:Interaction.Triggers>
    <Grid>
        <Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
            <ColumnDefinition Width="Auto"></ColumnDefinition>
            <ColumnDefinition Width="*"></ColumnDefinition>
        </Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
        <Border Grid.Column="0" BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1"></Border>
        <Border Grid.Column="1" BorderBrush="LightGray" BorderThickness="1"></Border>
        <UniformGrid Grid.Column="0" Columns="2" VerticalAlignment="Top">
            <UniformGrid.Resources>
                <Style TargetType="TextBlock">
                    <Setter Property="Width" Value="100"></Setter>
                    <Setter Property="Height" Value="40"></Setter>
                    <Setter Property="FontSize" Value="18"></Setter>
                    <Setter Property="TextAlignment" Value="Center"></Setter>
                    <Setter Property="Padding" Value="10"></Setter>
                    <Setter Property="Margin" Value="5"></Setter>
                    <Setter Property="Background" Value="Blue"></Setter>
                    <Setter Property="FontWeight" Value="Bold"></Setter>
                    <Setter Property="Foreground" Value="White"></Setter>
                </Style>
            </UniformGrid.Resources>
            <TextBlock Text="文本" Tag="Text">
                <i:Interaction.Triggers>
                    <i:EventTrigger EventName="MouseLeftButtonDown">
                        <i:InvokeCommandAction Command="{Binding IconMouseLeftDownCommand}" CommandParameter="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource Mode=FindAncestor, AncestorType=TextBlock}}"/>
                    </i:EventTrigger>
                </i:Interaction.Triggers>
            </TextBlock>
            <TextBlock Text="按鈕" Tag="Button">
                <i:Interaction.Triggers>
                    <i:EventTrigger EventName="MouseLeftButtonDown">
                        <i:InvokeCommandAction Command="{Binding IconMouseLeftDownCommand}" CommandParameter="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource Mode=FindAncestor, AncestorType=TextBlock}}"/>
                    </i:EventTrigger>
                </i:Interaction.Triggers>
            </TextBlock>
            <TextBlock Text="單選按鈕"></TextBlock>
            <TextBlock Text="復(fù)選按鈕"></TextBlock>
            <TextBlock Text="圓形"></TextBlock>
            <TextBlock Text="長(zhǎng)方形"></TextBlock>
            <TextBlock Text="直線"></TextBlock>
            <TextBlock Text="三角形"></TextBlock>
        </UniformGrid>
        <Canvas x:Name="container" Grid.Column="1" AllowDrop="True" Background="White">
            <i:Interaction.Triggers>
                <i:EventTrigger EventName="Drop">
                    <i:InvokeCommandAction Command="{Binding CanvasDropCommand}" PassEventArgsToCommand="True"/>
                </i:EventTrigger>
            </i:Interaction.Triggers>
        </Canvas>
    </Grid>
</Window>

注意,在頁(yè)面布局中,為圖標(biāo)庫(kù)中的圖標(biāo)綁定了MouseLeftButtonDown事件命令,當(dāng)鼠標(biāo)左鍵按下時(shí)觸發(fā)對(duì)應(yīng)的事件,并開(kāi)始拖拽。如下所示:

private ICommand  iconMouseLeftDownCommand;
 
public ICommand IconMouseLeftDownCommand
{
	get {
		if (iconMouseLeftDownCommand == null)
		{
			iconMouseLeftDownCommand = new RelayCommand<object>(IconMouseLeftDown);
		}
		return iconMouseLeftDownCommand; 
	}
}
 
private void IconMouseLeftDown(object sender)
{
	var tag = (sender as TextBlock)?.Tag?.ToString();
	if (tag == null)
	{
		return;
	}
	var data = new DragDropData() { Tag = tag };
	//開(kāi)啟準(zhǔn)備拖動(dòng)操作
	DragDrop.DoDragDrop((DependencyObject)sender, data, DragDropEffects.Copy);
}

注意,在調(diào)用DragDrop.DoDragDrop方法開(kāi)始拖拽時(shí),此方法有三個(gè)參數(shù)【DoDragDrop(DependencyObject dragSource, object data, DragDropEffects allowedEffects)】,說(shuō)明如下:

  • 第一個(gè)參數(shù)是拖拽源控件。
  • 第二個(gè)參數(shù)用于傳遞數(shù)據(jù),可以傳遞參數(shù),用于區(qū)分詳細(xì)信息。
  • 第三個(gè)參數(shù)是拖拽效果

在畫(huà)布容器中松開(kāi)拖拽的鼠標(biāo)左鍵時(shí),觸發(fā)畫(huà)布Drop事件,在此事件中創(chuàng)建新的控件,如下所示:

private ICommand canvasDropCommand;
 
public ICommand CanvasDropCommand
{
	get {
		if (canvasDropCommand == null)
		{
			canvasDropCommand = new RelayCommand<DragEventArgs>(CanvasDrop);
		}
		return canvasDropCommand; 
	}
}
 
private void CanvasDrop(DragEventArgs e)
{
	var data = e.Data.GetData(typeof(DragDropData)) as DragDropData;
	if (data != null)
	{
		var position = e.GetPosition(this.containerCanvas);
		if (data.Tag == "Text")
		{
			//創(chuàng)建文本
			Border border = new Border();
			border.BorderThickness = new Thickness(1);
			border.BorderBrush = Brushes.Black;
			TextBlock text = new TextBlock()
			{
				Width = 120,
				Height = 30,
				Text = "文本1",
				FontSize = 14,
				Background = Brushes.LightGray,
				TextAlignment = TextAlignment.Center,
				Padding = new Thickness(5)
			};
			border.Child = text;
			border.MouseDown += Container_Control_MouseDown;
			border.MouseMove += Container_Control_MouseMove;
			border.MouseUp += Container_Control_MouseUp;
			this.containerCanvas.Children.Add(border);
			Canvas.SetLeft(border, position.X - 60);
			Canvas.SetTop(border, position.Y - 15);
		}
		if (data.Tag == "Button")
		{
			Button button = new Button()
			{
				Width = 120,
				Height = 30,
				Content = "按鈕1",
				FontSize = 14,
				Background = Brushes.LightGray,
				HorizontalContentAlignment = HorizontalAlignment.Center,
				VerticalContentAlignment = VerticalAlignment.Center,
				Padding = new Thickness(5),
				BorderBrush = Brushes.Black,
				BorderThickness = new Thickness(1)
			};
			button.AddHandler(Button.MouseDownEvent,new MouseButtonEventHandler( Container_Control_MouseDown),true);
			button.AddHandler(Button.MouseMoveEvent, new MouseEventHandler(Container_Control_MouseMove), true);
			button.AddHandler(Button.MouseUpEvent, new MouseButtonEventHandler(Container_Control_MouseUp), true);
			this.containerCanvas.Children.Add(button);
			Canvas.SetLeft(button, position.X - 60);
			Canvas.SetTop(button, position.Y - 15);
		}
	}
}

 注意:在此事件中,以下幾點(diǎn)需要注意:

  • 通過(guò)e.Data.GetData方法獲取傳遞的參數(shù)。
  • 通過(guò)e.GetPosition方法獲取鼠標(biāo)相對(duì)位置。參數(shù)是相對(duì)的對(duì)象,如Canvas容器等。
  • 容器的Drop事件中,根據(jù)傳遞的內(nèi)容創(chuàng)建控件對(duì)象,并為新創(chuàng)建的控件對(duì)象綁定MouseDown,MouseMove,MouseUp方法。其中Button按鈕,由于鼠標(biāo)按下事件和本省自帶的Click事件相沖突,所以需要通過(guò)AddHandler方法添加鼠標(biāo)事件。
  • 通過(guò)Canvas.SetLeft,Canvas.SetTop方法設(shè)置控件對(duì)象在畫(huà)布容器中的位置。

2. 控件拖動(dòng)

在控件對(duì)象的MouseDown,MouseMove,MouseUp三個(gè)事件中,實(shí)現(xiàn)控件的拖動(dòng)效果。即在MouseDown時(shí)開(kāi)始,MouseMove中不斷設(shè)置控件的Left,Top的值隨鼠標(biāo)而動(dòng),在MouseUp時(shí)停止。

private void Container_Control_MouseUp(object sender, MouseButtonEventArgs e)
{
	if(e.LeftButton== MouseButtonState.Released)
	{
		Mouse.Capture(null);
	}
}
 
private void Container_Control_MouseMove(object sender, MouseEventArgs e)
{
	if (e.LeftButton == MouseButtonState.Pressed)
	{
		var position = e.GetPosition(this.containerCanvas);
		Canvas.SetLeft((UIElement)sender,position.X-60);
		Canvas.SetTop((UIElement)sender,position.Y-15);
	}
}
 
 
private void Container_Control_MouseDown(object sender, MouseButtonEventArgs e)
{
	if(e.LeftButton ==MouseButtonState.Pressed)
	{
		Mouse.Capture((IInputElement)sender);
	}
}

注意,啟動(dòng)Mouse.Capture功能是為了捕獲鼠標(biāo)的焦點(diǎn),使其在鼠標(biāo)移動(dòng)期間一直保持焦點(diǎn),防止鼠標(biāo)與控件分離。

示例效果

本示例主要為了說(shuō)明,只是簡(jiǎn)單地 實(shí)現(xiàn)了控件拖拽,拖動(dòng)等效果,具體如下所示:

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