C#使用RabbitMQ發(fā)送和接收消息工具類的實現(xiàn)

更新時間：2023年12月19日 11:36:48 作者：讓夢想瘋狂

RabbitMQ是一個消息的代理器,用于接收和發(fā)送消息,本文主要介紹了C#使用RabbitMQ發(fā)送和接收消息工具類的實現(xiàn),具有一定的參考價值,感興趣的可以了解一下

工具類

通過NuGet安裝RabbitMQ.Client

using Newtonsoft.Json;
using RabbitMQ.Client;
using RabbitMQ.Client.Events;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Channels;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace WorkerService1
{
    public class RabbitMQHelper : IDisposable
    {
        private readonly ConnectionFactory _factory;
        private IConnection _connection;
        private IModel _channel;
        public RabbitMQHelper()
        {
            // 設置連接參數(shù)
            _factory = new ConnectionFactory() { HostName = "localhost", Port = 5672, UserName = "guest", Password = "guest" };
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 發(fā)送消息
        /// </summary>
        /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
        /// <param name="queueName"></param>
        /// <param name="message"></param>
        public void SendMessage<T>(string queueName, T message)
        {
            try
            {
                InitConnection();

                // 聲明隊列
                _channel.QueueDeclare(queue: queueName,
                    durable: true,// 設置為true表示隊列是持久化的
                    exclusive: false,
                    autoDelete: false,
                    arguments: null);

                var body = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(JsonConvert.SerializeObject(message));

                _channel.BasicPublish(exchange: "", routingKey: queueName, basicProperties: null, body: body);

            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Failed to send message: {0}", ex.Message);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 接收消息
        /// </summary>
        /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
        /// <param name="queueName"></param>
        /// <param name="messageHandler"></param>
        public void ReceiveMessage<T>(string queueName, Action<T> messageHandler)
        {
            try
            {
                InitConnection();

                // 聲明隊列（接收需聲明隊列，否則隊列不存在時，無法接收消息）
                _channel.QueueDeclare(queue: queueName,
                    durable: true, // 設置為true表示隊列是持久化的
                    exclusive: false,
                    autoDelete: false,
                    arguments: null);

                //設置消費者數(shù)量（并發(fā)度）,每個消費者每次只能處理一條消息
                _channel.BasicQos(prefetchSize: 0, prefetchCount: 1, global: false);

                // 創(chuàng)建消費者
                var consumer = new EventingBasicConsumer(_channel);
                consumer.Received += (model, ea) =>
                {
                    try
                    {
                        var message = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(ea.Body.ToArray());

                        var convertedMessage = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<T>(message);

                        //委托方法
                        messageHandler.Invoke(convertedMessage);

                        // 消息處理成功，確認消息
                        _channel.BasicAck(ea.DeliveryTag, false);
                    }
                    catch (Exception ex)
                    {
                        // 消息處理異常，確認消息
                        _channel.BasicAck(ea.DeliveryTag, false);
                    }
                };

                _channel.BasicConsume(queue: queueName,
                    autoAck: false,// 設置為true表示自動確認消息
                    consumer: consumer);

            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Failed to receive message: {0}", ex.Message);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 初始化鏈接
        /// </summary>
        private void InitConnection()
        {
            if (_connection == null || !_connection.IsOpen)
            {
                _connection = _factory.CreateConnection();
                _channel = _connection.CreateModel();
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 釋放資源
        /// </summary>
        public void Dispose()
        {
            _channel?.Close();
            _channel?.Dispose();
            _connection?.Close();
            _connection?.Dispose();
        }
    }
}

使用示例

using System;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using WorkerService1;

public class Program
{
    private static string QueueName = "myqueue_key";
    public static void Main()
    {

        var rabbitMQHelper = new RabbitMQHelper();
        for (long i = 0; i < 30; i++)
        {
            rabbitMQHelper.SendMessage(QueueName, i);
        }

        rabbitMQHelper.ReceiveMessage<long>(QueueName, ReceivedHandle);

        Console.ReadLine();
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 接收處理
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="index"></param>
    private static void ReceivedHandle(long index)
    {
        try
        {
            Console.WriteLine($"第{index}次開始{DateTime.Now}");
            Thread.Sleep(2000);
            Console.WriteLine($"第{index}次結束{DateTime.Now}");
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
        }
    }
}

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