Vim配置完整示例詳解

更新時(shí)間：2024年01月05日 10:06:38 作者：Varden

這篇文章主要介紹了Vim配置的相關(guān)資料,包括通用配置,常用插件配置,設(shè)置插件的方法,本文給大家講解的非常詳細(xì),需要的朋友可以參考

1. 通用配置

在用戶家目錄下創(chuàng)建配置文件~/.vimrc，通用配置如下：

"===通用配置==="
"去掉vi的一致性"
set nocompatible
"顯示行號(hào)"
"set number
"隱藏滾動(dòng)條"
set guioptions-=r 
set guioptions-=L
set guioptions-=b
"隱藏頂部標(biāo)簽欄"
set showtabline=0
"設(shè)置字體"
set guifont=Monaco:h13
"開啟語法高亮"
syntax on
"solarized主題設(shè)置在終端下的設(shè)置"
let g:solarized_termcolors=256
"設(shè)置背景色"
set background=dark
"顏色主題"
colorscheme solarized
"設(shè)置不折行"
set nowrap
"設(shè)置以u(píng)nix的格式保存文件"
set fileformat=unix
"設(shè)置C樣式的縮進(jìn)格式"
set cindent
"設(shè)置tab長度"
set tabstop=4
set shiftwidth=4
"顯示匹配的括號(hào)"
set showmatch
"距離頂部和底部5行"
set scrolloff=5
"命令行為兩行"
set laststatus=2
"文件編碼"
set fenc=utf-8
set backspace=2
"啟用鼠標(biāo)"
set mouse=a
set selection=exclusive
set selectmode=mouse,key
set matchtime=5
"忽略大小寫"
set ignorecase
set incsearch
"高亮搜索項(xiàng)"
set hlsearch
"不允許擴(kuò)展tab"
set noexpandtab
set whichwrap+=<,>,h,l
set autoread
"突出顯示當(dāng)前行"
"set cursorline
"突出顯示當(dāng)前列"
set cursorcolumn
"按F9進(jìn)入粘貼模式"
set nopaste
set pastetoggle=<F9>

2. 常用插件配置

2.1 環(huán)境說明

Ubuntu 18.04.4 LTS
Vim 8.0
Python 3.6.7

2.2 安裝并設(shè)置Vundle核心插件

git clone https://github.com/VundleVim/Vundle.vim.git ~/.vim/bundle/Vundle.vim

編輯~/.vimrc文件，添加以下內(nèi)容：

"===設(shè)置Vundle核心插件==="
filetype off
set rtp+=~/.vim/bundle/Vundle.vim
call vundle#begin()
"安裝的插件列表"
"核心插件，用于安裝其他所有插件"
Plugin 'VundleVim/Vundle.vim'
"美化狀態(tài)欄"
Plugin 'powerline/powerline'
"類似IDE的補(bǔ)全插件"
Plugin 'ycm-core/YouCompleteMe'
"添加一個(gè)樹形目錄"
Plugin 'preservim/nerdtree'
"縮進(jìn)指示線"
Plugin 'Yggdroot/indentLine'
"自動(dòng)格式化代碼"
Plugin 'tell-k/vim-autopep8'
"括號(hào)和引號(hào)自動(dòng)補(bǔ)全"
Plugin 'jiangmiao/auto-pairs'
"多行注釋"
Plugin 'preservim/nerdcommenter'
"實(shí)時(shí)語法檢查"
Plugin 'vim-syntastic/syntastic'
"美化狀態(tài)欄"
Plugin 'Lokaltog/vim-powerline'
call vundle#end()
"開啟文件類型自動(dòng)檢測，編寫代碼時(shí)自動(dòng)換行對齊"
filetype plugin indent on

保存文件并使用以下命令安裝插件：

:PluginInstall

2.3 編譯YouCompleteMe插件

apt-get install build-essential cmake
apt-get install python3-dev
apt-get install python-dev  ##可選，最新版Debian系統(tǒng)bullseye（testing版本）已經(jīng)移除python2，只支持python3
cd ~/.vim/bundle/YouCompleteMe
git submodule update --init --recursive
./install.py

遇到的問題：

YouCompleteMe unavailable: requires Vim 8.1.2269+.

Vim提示以上錯(cuò)誤，原因是當(dāng)前最新版的YouCompleteMe插件要求Vim的版本為8.1.2269+，必須升級(jí)Vim，Debian 10自帶的Vim版本達(dá)不到要求。
源碼編譯安裝Vim太麻煩，可以考慮使用Debian bullseye（testing版本）自帶的Vim 8.2以上的版本。

The ycmd server SHUT DOWN (restart with ':YcmRestartServer'). Unexpected error while loading the YCM core library. Type ':YcmToggleLogs ycmd_46199_stderr_zazh98c3.log' to check the logs.

File "/root/.vim/bundle/YouCompleteMe/third_party/ycmd/ycmd/utils.py", line 498, in ImportAndCheckCore
ycm_core = ImportCore()
File "/root/.vim/bundle/YouCompleteMe/third_party/ycmd/ycmd/utils.py", line 489, in ImportCore
import ycm_core as ycm_core
ImportError: Python version mismatch: module was compiled for Python 3.7, but the interpreter version is incompatible: 3.8.5 (default, Aug 2 2020, 15:09:07)
[GCC 10.2.0].

Vim提示以上錯(cuò)誤，原因是Python版本從3.7升級(jí)到了3.8，原來編譯的YouCompleteMe插件不兼容Python 3.8，必須重新基于3.8版本編譯此插件。

3. 設(shè)置插件

3.1 設(shè)置一鍵運(yùn)行Python代碼（可用）

"===設(shè)置按F5運(yùn)行Python==="
map <F5> :Autopep8<CR> :w<CR> :call RunPython()<CR>
function RunPython()
    let mp = &makeprg
    let ef = &errorformat
    let exeFile = expand("%:t")
    setlocal makeprg=python3\ -u
    set efm=%C\ %.%#,%A\ \ File\ \"%f\"\\,\ line\ %l%.%#,%Z%[%^\ ]%\\@=%m
    silent make %
    copen
    let &makeprg = mp
    let &errorformat = ef
endfunction

必須安裝依賴包：

pip3 install autopep8

3.2 設(shè)置YouCompleteMe插件（可用）

"===設(shè)置YouCompleteMe插件==="
"默認(rèn)配置文件路徑"
let g:ycm_global_ycm_extra_conf = '~/.ycm_extra_conf.py'
"打開vim時(shí)不再詢問是否加載ycm_extra_conf.py配置"
let g:ycm_confirm_extra_conf=0
set completeopt=longest,menu
"Python解釋器路徑"
let g:ycm_path_to_python_interpreter='/usr/bin/python3'
"是否開啟語義補(bǔ)全"
let g:ycm_seed_identifiers_with_syntax=1
"是否在注釋中也開啟補(bǔ)全"
let g:ycm_complete_in_comments=1
let g:ycm_collect_identifiers_from_comments_and_strings = 0
"開始補(bǔ)全的字符數(shù)"
let g:ycm_min_num_of_chars_for_completion=2
"補(bǔ)全后自動(dòng)關(guān)機(jī)預(yù)覽窗口"
let g:ycm_autoclose_preview_window_after_completion=1
"禁止緩存匹配項(xiàng),每次都重新生成匹配項(xiàng)"
let g:ycm_cache_omnifunc=0
"字符串中也開啟補(bǔ)全"
let g:ycm_complete_in_strings = 1
"離開插入模式后自動(dòng)關(guān)閉預(yù)覽窗口"
autocmd InsertLeave * if pumvisible() == 0|pclose|endif

debian 10自帶vim不支持python問題，vim打開文件會(huì)有以下提示：

YouCompleteMe unavailable: requires Vim compiled with Python (3.6.0+) support. Press ENTER or type command to continue

必須安裝以下依賴包：

apt-get install vim-gtk

3.3 設(shè)置NERDTree插件（可用）

"===設(shè)置NERDTree插件==="
"F2開啟和關(guān)閉樹"
map <F2> :NERDTreeToggle<CR>
let NERDTreeChDirMode=1
"顯示書簽"
let NERDTreeShowBookmarks=1
"設(shè)置忽略文件類型"
let NERDTreeIgnore=['\~$', '\.pyc$', '\.swp$']
"窗口大小"
let NERDTreeWinSize=25

3.4 設(shè)置indentLine插件（可用）

"===設(shè)置indentLine插件==="
"縮進(jìn)指示線"
let g:indentLine_char='┆'
let g:indentLine_enabled = 1

3.5 設(shè)置autopep8插件（可用）

"===設(shè)置autopep8插件==="
let g:autopep8_disable_show_diff=1

3.6 設(shè)置nerdcommenter插件（可用）

"nerdcommenter的leader默認(rèn)為\，可以用下面的命令更改"
let mapleader=','
"在normal模式下按v并移動(dòng)光標(biāo)選擇需要注釋的行，再按F4就可以為所有選中的行添加注釋"
map <F4> <leader>ci <CR>

4. 完整配置示例

"===通用配置==="
"去掉vi的一致性"
set nocompatible
"顯示行號(hào)"
"set number
"隱藏滾動(dòng)條"
set guioptions-=r
set guioptions-=L
set guioptions-=b
"隱藏頂部標(biāo)簽欄"
set showtabline=0
"設(shè)置字體"
set guifont=Monaco:h13
"開啟語法高亮"
syntax on
"solarized主題設(shè)置在終端下的設(shè)置"
let g:solarized_termcolors=256
"設(shè)置背景色"
set background=dark
"設(shè)置不折行"
set nowrap
"設(shè)置以u(píng)nix的格式保存文件"
set fileformat=unix
"設(shè)置C樣式的縮進(jìn)格式"
set cindent
"設(shè)置tab長度"
set tabstop=4
set shiftwidth=4
"顯示匹配的括號(hào)"
set showmatch
"距離頂部和底部5行"
set scrolloff=5
"命令行為兩行"
set laststatus=2
"文件編碼"
set fenc=utf-8
set backspace=2
"忽略大小寫"
set ignorecase
set incsearch
"高亮搜索項(xiàng)"
set hlsearch
"不允許擴(kuò)展tab"
set noexpandtab
set whichwrap+=<,>,h,l
set autoread
"突出顯示當(dāng)前行"
"set cursorline
"突出顯示當(dāng)前列"
set cursorcolumn
"按F9進(jìn)入粘貼模式"
set nopaste
set pastetoggle=<F9>
"===設(shè)置Vundle核心插件==="
filetype off
set rtp+=~/.vim/bundle/Vundle.vim
call vundle#begin()
"安裝的插件列表"
Plugin 'VundleVim/Vundle.vim'
Plugin 'powerline/powerline'
Plugin 'ycm-core/YouCompleteMe'
Plugin 'preservim/nerdtree'
Plugin 'Yggdroot/indentLine'
Plugin 'tell-k/vim-autopep8'
Plugin 'jiangmiao/auto-pairs'
Plugin 'preservim/nerdcommenter'
Plugin 'vim-syntastic/syntastic'
Plugin 'Lokaltog/vim-powerline'
call vundle#end()
"開啟文件類型自動(dòng)檢測，編寫代碼時(shí)自動(dòng)換行對齊"
filetype plugin indent on
"===設(shè)置按F5運(yùn)行Python==="
map <F5> :Autopep8<CR> :w<CR> :call RunPython()<CR>
function RunPython()
    let mp = &makeprg
    let ef = &errorformat
    let exeFile = expand("%:t")
    setlocal makeprg=python3\ -u
    set efm=%C\ %.%#,%A\ \ File\ \"%f\"\\,\ line\ %l%.%#,%Z%[%^\ ]%\\@=%m
    silent make %
    copen
    let &makeprg = mp
    let &errorformat = ef
endfunction
"===設(shè)置YouCompleteMe插件==="
"默認(rèn)配置文件路徑"
let g:ycm_global_ycm_extra_conf = '~/.ycm_extra_conf.py'
"打開vim時(shí)不再詢問是否加載ycm_extra_conf.py配置"
let g:ycm_confirm_extra_conf=0
set completeopt=longest,menu
"Python解釋器路徑"
let g:ycm_path_to_python_interpreter='/usr/bin/python3'
"是否開啟語義補(bǔ)全"
let g:ycm_seed_identifiers_with_syntax=1
"是否在注釋中也開啟補(bǔ)全"
let g:ycm_complete_in_comments=1
let g:ycm_collect_identifiers_from_comments_and_strings = 0
"開始補(bǔ)全的字符數(shù)"
let g:ycm_min_num_of_chars_for_completion=2
"補(bǔ)全后自動(dòng)關(guān)機(jī)預(yù)覽窗口"
let g:ycm_autoclose_preview_window_after_completion=1
"禁止緩存匹配項(xiàng),每次都重新生成匹配項(xiàng)"
let g:ycm_cache_omnifunc=0
"字符串中也開啟補(bǔ)全"
let g:ycm_complete_in_strings = 1
"離開插入模式后自動(dòng)關(guān)閉預(yù)覽窗口"
autocmd InsertLeave * if pumvisible() == 0|pclose|endif
"===設(shè)置NERDTree插件==="
"F2開啟和關(guān)閉樹"
map <F2> :NERDTreeToggle<CR>
let NERDTreeChDirMode=1
"顯示書簽"
let NERDTreeShowBookmarks=1
"設(shè)置忽略文件類型"
let NERDTreeIgnore=['\~$', '\.pyc$', '\.swp$']
"窗口大小"
let NERDTreeWinSize=25
"===設(shè)置indentLine插件==="
"縮進(jìn)指示線"
let g:indentLine_char='┆'
let g:indentLine_enabled = 1
"===設(shè)置autopep8插件==="
let g:autopep8_disable_show_diff=1
"===設(shè)置nerdcommenter插件==="
"nerdcommenter的leader默認(rèn)為\，可以用下面的命令更改"
let mapleader=','
"在normal模式下按v并移動(dòng)光標(biāo)選擇需要注釋的行，再按F4就可以為所有選中的行添加注釋"
map <F4> <leader>ci <CR>

Debian的vim右鍵進(jìn)入visual模式：

Debian默認(rèn)裝好vim之后，右鍵不能粘貼，反而進(jìn)入了visual模式，甚是惱人，可通過如下方法修改。

vim版本：version 8.1.0875

修改方法：

編輯/usr/share/vim/vim81/defaults.vim文件，定位到第79行，在mouse=a的=前面加個(gè)-，如下：