一步步教你JAVA如何優(yōu)化Elastic?Search

更新時間：2024年01月19日 08:35:43 作者：_BugMan

想要榨干Java操作Elasticsearch的所有性能潛力？本指南將一步步教你如何優(yōu)化Java與Elasticsearch的交互！從此,提升ES查詢速度、降低資源消耗不再是難題,趕快一起來探索Java?Elasticsearch優(yōu)化的秘訣吧！

1.環(huán)境準(zhǔn)備

本文是作者ES系列的第三篇文章，在前文中，我們已經(jīng)搭建好了一個es+kibana的基礎(chǔ)環(huán)境，本文將繼續(xù)使用該環(huán)境，演示JAVA操作es。

2.ES JAVA API

Elasticsearch Rest High Level Client 是 Elasticsearch 官方提供的一個 Java 客戶端庫，用于與 Elasticsearch 進(jìn)行交互。這個客戶端庫是基于 REST 風(fēng)格的 HTTP 協(xié)議，與 Elasticsearch 進(jìn)行通信，提供了更高級別的抽象，使得開發(fā)者可以更方便地使用 Java 代碼與 Elasticsearch 進(jìn)行交互。

依賴：

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.elasticsearch</groupId>
    <artifactId>elasticsearch</artifactId>
    <version>7.17.3</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.elasticsearch.client</groupId>
    <artifactId>elasticsearch-rest-high-level-client</artifactId>
    <version>7.17.3</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
    <artifactId>log4j-core</artifactId>
    <version>2.10.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>junit</groupId>
    <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
    <version>4.12</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>com.alibaba.fastjson2</groupId>
    <artifactId>fastjson2</artifactId>
    <version>2.0.45</version>
</dependency>

其實(shí)Rest High Level Client的使用邏輯一共就分散步：

拼json創(chuàng)建requestclient執(zhí)行request

創(chuàng)建client：

RestHighLevelClient restHighLevelClient = new RestHighLevelClient(RestClient.builder(new HttpHost("127.0.0.1",9200,"http")));

創(chuàng)建索引：

@Test
    public void createIndex() throws IOException {
        //1.拼json
        //settings
        Settings.Builder settings = Settings.builder()
                .put("number_of_shards", 3)
                .put("number_of_replicas", 1);
        //mappings
        XContentBuilder mappings = JsonXContent.contentBuilder().
                startObject().
                    startObject("properties").
                    startObject("name").
                        field("type", "text").
                    endObject().
                    startObject("age").
                        field("type", "integer").
                    endObject().
                    endObject().
                endObject();
        //2.創(chuàng)建request
        CreateIndexRequest createIndexRequest = new CreateIndexRequest("person").settings(settings).mapping(mappings);
        //3.client執(zhí)行request
        restHighLevelClient.indices().create(createIndexRequest, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
    }

創(chuàng)建文檔：

@Test
    public void createDoc() throws IOException {
        Person person=new Person("1","zou",20);
        JSONObject json = JSONObject.from(person);
        System.out.println(json);
        IndexRequest request=new IndexRequest("person",null,person.getId().toString());
        request.source(json, XContentType.JSON);
        IndexResponse response = restHighLevelClient.index(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
        System.out.println(response);
    }

響應(yīng)結(jié)果：

修改文檔：

@Test
    public void updateDoc() throws IOException {
        HashMap<String, Object> doc = new HashMap();
        doc.put("name","張三");
        String docId="1";
        UpdateRequest request=new UpdateRequest("person",null,docId);
        UpdateResponse response = restHighLevelClient.update(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
        System.out.println(response.getResult().toString());
    }

刪除文檔：

@Test
    public void deleteDoc() throws IOException {
        DeleteRequest request=new DeleteRequest("person",null,"1");
        DeleteResponse response = restHighLevelClient.delete(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
        System.out.println(response.getResult().toString());
    }

響應(yīng)結(jié)果：

搜索示例：

import org.elasticsearch.action.search.SearchRequest;
import org.elasticsearch.action.search.SearchResponse;
import org.elasticsearch.client.RequestOptions;
import org.elasticsearch.client.RestHighLevelClient;
import org.elasticsearch.common.unit.TimeValue;
import org.elasticsearch.index.query.QueryBuilders;
import org.elasticsearch.search.builder.SearchSourceBuilder;
 
import java.io.IOException;
 
public class ElasticsearchSearchExample {
 
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 創(chuàng)建 RestHighLevelClient 實(shí)例，連接到 Elasticsearch 集群
        RestHighLevelClient client = new RestHighLevelClient(
                RestClient.builder(new HttpHost("localhost", 9200, "http"))
        );
 
        // 構(gòu)建搜索請求
        SearchRequest searchRequest = new SearchRequest("your_index"); // 替換為實(shí)際的索引名稱
 
        // 構(gòu)建查詢條件
        SearchSourceBuilder searchSourceBuilder = new SearchSourceBuilder();
        searchSourceBuilder.query(QueryBuilders.matchAllQuery()); // 查詢所有文檔
 
        // 設(shè)置一些可選參數(shù)
        searchSourceBuilder.from(0); // 設(shè)置起始索引，默認(rèn)為0
        searchSourceBuilder.size(10); // 設(shè)置返回結(jié)果的數(shù)量，默認(rèn)為10
        searchSourceBuilder.timeout(new TimeValue(5000)); // 設(shè)置超時時間，默認(rèn)為1分鐘
 
        // 將查詢條件設(shè)置到搜索請求中
        searchRequest.source(searchSourceBuilder);
 
        try {
            // 執(zhí)行搜索請求
            SearchResponse searchResponse = client.search(searchRequest, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
 
            // 處理搜索響應(yīng)
            System.out.println("Search took: " + searchResponse.getTook());
 
            // 獲取搜索結(jié)果
            SearchHits hits = searchResponse.getHits();
            System.out.println("Total hits: " + hits.getTotalHits().value);
 
            // 遍歷搜索結(jié)果
            for (SearchHit hit : hits.getHits()) {
                System.out.println("Document ID: " + hit.getId());
                System.out.println("Source: " + hit.getSourceAsString());
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            // 處理異常
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            try {
                // 關(guān)閉客戶端連接
                client.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                // 處理關(guān)閉連接異常
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}

請注意，上述示例中的 your_index 應(yīng)該替換為你實(shí)際的 Elasticsearch 索引名稱。這個示例使用了簡單的 matchAllQuery，你可以根據(jù)實(shí)際需求構(gòu)建更復(fù)雜的查詢條件。在搜索響應(yīng)中，你可以獲取到搜索的結(jié)果以及相關(guān)的元數(shù)據(jù)。

3.Spring Boot操作ES

在 Spring Boot 中操作 Elasticsearch 通常使用 Spring Data Elasticsearch，以標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的JPA的模式來操作ES。

依賴：

<parent>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
    <version>2.6.x</version> <!-- 選擇一個與Elasticsearch 7.17.3兼容的Spring Boot版本 -->
</parent>

<dependencies>
    <!-- Spring Boot Starter Web -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>

    <!-- Spring Data Elasticsearch -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-elasticsearch</artifactId>
    </dependency>

    <!-- Spring Boot Starter Test (for testing) -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

application.properties配置：

spring.data.elasticsearch.cluster-nodes=localhost:9200

實(shí)體類：

import org.springframework.data.annotation.Id;
import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.annotations.Document;
import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.annotations.Field;
import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.annotations.FieldType;
 
import java.util.Date;
 
@Document(indexName = "blogpost_index")
public class BlogPost {
 
    @Id
    private String id;
 
    @Field(type = FieldType.Text)
    private String title;
 
    @Field(type = FieldType.Text)
    private String content;
 
    @Field(type = FieldType.Keyword)
    private String author;
 
    @Field(type = FieldType.Date)
    private Date publishDate;
 
    // 構(gòu)造函數(shù)、getter和setter
 
    public BlogPost() {
    }
 
    public BlogPost(String id, String title, String content, String author, Date publishDate) {
        this.id = id;
        this.title = title;
        this.content = content;
        this.author = author;
        this.publishDate = publishDate;
    }
 
    // 省略 getter 和 setter 方法
}

dao層：

import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.repository.ElasticsearchRepository;
 
public interface BlogPostRepository extends ElasticsearchRepository<BlogPost, String> {
 
    // 你可以在這里定義自定義查詢方法
 
}

service層：

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
 
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Optional;
 
@Service
public class BlogPostService {
 
    private final BlogPostRepository blogPostRepository;
 
    @Autowired
    public BlogPostService(BlogPostRepository blogPostRepository) {
        this.blogPostRepository = blogPostRepository;
    }
 
    public BlogPost save(BlogPost blogPost) {
        return blogPostRepository.save(blogPost);
    }
 
    public Optional<BlogPost> findById(String id) {
        return blogPostRepository.findById(id);
    }
 
    public List<BlogPost> findAll() {
        return (List<BlogPost>) blogPostRepository.findAll();
    }
 
    public void deleteById(String id) {
        blogPostRepository.deleteById(id);
    }
 
}

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