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Android獲取經(jīng)緯度的完美解決方案

 更新時(shí)間：2024年03月26日 14:12:55   作者：Time@traveler  
Android中獲取定位信息的方式有很多種,系統(tǒng)自帶的LocationManager,都能幫助我們獲取當(dāng)前經(jīng)緯度,但第三方廠商一般都需要申請(qǐng)相關(guān)的key,且調(diào)用量高時(shí),還會(huì)產(chǎn)生資費(fèi)問(wèn)題,這篇文章主要介紹了Android獲取經(jīng)緯度的完美解決方案,需要的朋友可以參考下

Android中獲取定位信息的方式有很多種，系統(tǒng)自帶的LocationManager，以及第三方廠商提供的一些定位sdk，都能幫助我們獲取當(dāng)前經(jīng)緯度，但第三方廠商一般都需要申請(qǐng)相關(guān)的key，且調(diào)用量高時(shí)，還會(huì)產(chǎn)生資費(fèi)問(wèn)題。這里采用LocationManager + FusedLocationProviderClient 的方式進(jìn)行經(jīng)緯度的獲取，以解決普通場(chǎng)景下獲取經(jīng)緯度和經(jīng)緯度轉(zhuǎn)換地址的功能。

一，添加定位權(quán)限

<!--允許獲取精確位置，精準(zhǔn)定位必選-->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION" />
<!--后臺(tái)獲取位置信息，若需后臺(tái)定位則必選-->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_BACKGROUND_LOCATION" />
<!--用于申請(qǐng)調(diào)用A-GPS模塊,衛(wèi)星定位加速-->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_LOCATION_EXTRA_COMMANDS" />

二，添加依賴庫(kù)

    implementation 'org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-coroutines-core:1.6.4'
    implementation 'androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-viewmodel-ktx:2.6.2'
    implementation 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-location:21.0.1'

三，使用LocationManager獲取當(dāng)前經(jīng)緯度

獲取經(jīng)緯度時(shí)，可根據(jù)自己的訴求進(jìn)行參數(shù)自定義，如果對(duì)經(jīng)緯度要求不是很精確的可以自行配置Criteria里面的參數(shù)。

獲取定位前需要先判斷相關(guān)的服務(wù)是否可用，獲取定位的服務(wù)其實(shí)有很多種選擇，因?yàn)閭€(gè)人項(xiàng)目對(duì)經(jīng)緯度準(zhǔn)確性要求較高，為了保證獲取的成功率和準(zhǔn)確性，只使用了GPS和網(wǎng)絡(luò)定位兩種，如果在國(guó)內(nèi)還會(huì)有基站獲取等方式，可以自行修改。

import android.Manifest.permission
import android.location.*
import android.os.Bundle
import android.util.Log
import androidx.annotation.RequiresPermission
import kotlinx.coroutines.suspendCancellableCoroutine
import kotlinx.coroutines.withTimeout
import kotlin.coroutines.resume
object LocationManagerUtils {
    val TAG = "LocationManagerUtils"
    /**
     * @mLocationManager 傳入LocationManager對(duì)象
     * @minDistance  位置變化最小距離：當(dāng)位置距離變化超過(guò)此值時(shí)，將更新位置信息（單位：米）
     * @timeOut 超時(shí)時(shí)間，如果超時(shí)未返回，則直接使用默認(rèn)值
     */
    @RequiresPermission(anyOf = [permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION, permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION])
    suspend  fun getCurrentPosition(
        mLocationManager: LocationManager,
        timeOut: Long = 3000,
    ):Location{
        var locationListener : LocationListener?=null
        return  try {
            //超時(shí)未返回則直接獲取失敗，返回默認(rèn)值
            withTimeout(timeOut){
                suspendCancellableCoroutine {continuation ->
                    //獲取最佳定位方式，如果獲取不到則默認(rèn)采用網(wǎng)絡(luò)定位。
                    var bestProvider = mLocationManager.getBestProvider(createCriteria(),true)
                    if (bestProvider.isNullOrEmpty()||bestProvider == "passive"){
                        bestProvider = "network"
                    }
                    Log.d(TAG, "getCurrentPosition:bestProvider:${bestProvider}")
                    locationListener = object : LocationListener {
                        override fun onLocationChanged(location: Location) {
                            Log.d(TAG, "getCurrentPosition:onCompete:${location.latitude},${location.longitude}")
                            if (continuation.isActive){
                                continuation.resume(location)
                                mLocationManager.removeUpdates(this)
                            }
                        }
                        override fun onProviderDisabled(provider: String) {
                        }
                        override fun onProviderEnabled(provider: String) {
                        }
                    }
                    //開始定位
                    mLocationManager.requestLocationUpdates(bestProvider,
                        1000,0f,
                        locationListener!!)
                }
            }
        }catch (e:Exception){
            try {
                locationListener?.let {
                    mLocationManager.removeUpdates(it)
                }
            }catch (e:Exception){
                Log.d(TAG, "getCurrentPosition:removeUpdate:${e.message}")
            }
            //超時(shí)直接返回默認(rèn)的空對(duì)象
            Log.d(TAG, "getCurrentPosition:onError:${e.message}")
            return createDefaultLocation()
        }
    }
    @RequiresPermission(anyOf = [permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION, permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION])
    suspend fun repeatLocation(mLocationManager: LocationManager):Location{
        return  suspendCancellableCoroutine {continuation ->
            //獲取最佳定位方式，如果獲取不到則默認(rèn)采用網(wǎng)絡(luò)定位。
            var bestProvider = mLocationManager.getBestProvider(createCriteria(),true)
            if (bestProvider.isNullOrEmpty()||bestProvider == "passive"){
                bestProvider = "network"
            }
            Log.d(TAG, "getCurrentPosition:bestProvider:${bestProvider}")
            val locationListener = object : LocationListener {
                override fun onLocationChanged(location: Location) {
                    Log.d(TAG, "getCurrentPosition:onCompete:${location.latitude},${location.longitude}")
                    if (continuation.isActive){
                        continuation.resume(location)
                    }
                    mLocationManager.removeUpdates(this)
                }
                override fun onProviderDisabled(provider: String) {
                }
                override fun onProviderEnabled(provider: String) {
                }
            }
            //開始定位
            mLocationManager.requestLocationUpdates(bestProvider,1000, 0f, locationListener)
        }
    }
    @RequiresPermission(anyOf = [permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION, permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION])
    fun getLastLocation( mLocationManager: LocationManager): Location {
        //獲取最佳定位方式，如果獲取不到則默認(rèn)采用網(wǎng)絡(luò)定位。
        var currentProvider = mLocationManager.getBestProvider(createCriteria(), true)
        if (currentProvider.isNullOrEmpty()||currentProvider == "passive"){
            currentProvider = "network"
        }
        return mLocationManager.getLastKnownLocation(currentProvider) ?: createDefaultLocation()
    }
    //創(chuàng)建定位默認(rèn)值
        fun createDefaultLocation():Location{
        val location = Location("network")
        location.longitude = 0.0
        location.latitude = 0.0
        return location
    }
    private fun createCriteria():Criteria{
        return  Criteria().apply {
            accuracy = Criteria.ACCURACY_FINE
            isAltitudeRequired = false
            isBearingRequired = false
            isCostAllowed = true
            powerRequirement = Criteria.POWER_HIGH
            isSpeedRequired = false
        }
    }
    ///定位是否可用
    fun checkLocationManagerAvailable(mLocationManager: LocationManager):Boolean{
       return mLocationManager.isProviderEnabled(LocationManager.NETWORK_PROVIDER)||
            mLocationManager.isProviderEnabled(LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER)
    }
}

四，使用FusedLocationProviderClient

在獲取經(jīng)緯度時(shí)會(huì)出現(xiàn)各種異常的場(chǎng)景，會(huì)導(dǎo)致成功的回調(diào)一直無(wú)法觸發(fā)，這里使用了協(xié)程，如果超過(guò)指定超時(shí)時(shí)間未返回，則直接默認(rèn)為獲取失敗，進(jìn)行下一步的處理。

import android.Manifest
import android.app.Activity
import android.content.Context
import android.content.Context.LOCATION_SERVICE
import android.content.Intent
import android.location.Geocoder
import android.location.Location
import android.location.LocationManager
import android.provider.Settings
import android.util.Log
import androidx.annotation.RequiresPermission
import com.google.android.gms.location.LocationServices
import kotlinx.coroutines.Dispatchers
import kotlinx.coroutines.suspendCancellableCoroutine
import kotlinx.coroutines.withContext
import kotlinx.coroutines.withTimeout
import java.io.IOException
import java.util.*
import kotlin.coroutines.resume
object FusedLocationProviderUtils {
    val TAG = "FusedLocationUtils"
    @RequiresPermission(anyOf = ["android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION", "android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION"])
    suspend  fun checkFusedLocationProviderAvailable(fusedLocationClient: FusedLocationProviderClient):Boolean{
        return  try {
            withTimeout(1000){
                suspendCancellableCoroutine { continuation ->
                    fusedLocationClient.locationAvailability.addOnFailureListener {
                        Log.d(TAG, "locationAvailability:addOnFailureListener:${it.message}")
                        if (continuation.isActive){
                            continuation.resume(false)
                        }
                    }.addOnSuccessListener {
                        Log.d(TAG, "locationAvailability:addOnSuccessListener:${it.isLocationAvailable}")
                        if (continuation.isActive){
                            continuation.resume(it.isLocationAvailable)
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }catch (e:Exception){
            return false
        }
    }
    ///獲取最后已知的定位信息
    @RequiresPermission(anyOf = ["android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION", "android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION"])
    suspend fun getLastLocation(fusedLocationClient: FusedLocationProviderClient):Location{
        return  suspendCancellableCoroutine {continuation ->
            fusedLocationClient.lastLocation.addOnSuccessListener {
                if (continuation.isActive){
                    Log.d(TAG, "current location success:$it")
                    if (it != null){
                        continuation.resume(it)
                    }else{
                        continuation.resume(createDefaultLocation())
                    }
                }
            }.addOnFailureListener {
                continuation.resume(createDefaultLocation())
            }
        }
    }
    /**
     * 獲取當(dāng)前定位，需要申請(qǐng)定位權(quán)限
     *
     */
    @RequiresPermission(anyOf = ["android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION", "android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION"])
    suspend fun getCurrentPosition(fusedLocationClient: FusedLocationProviderClient): Location {
        return suspendCancellableCoroutine {continuation ->
            fusedLocationClient.getCurrentLocation(createLocationRequest(),object : CancellationToken(){
                override fun onCanceledRequested(p0: OnTokenCanceledListener): CancellationToken {
                    return CancellationTokenSource().token
                }
                override fun isCancellationRequested(): Boolean {
                    return false
                }
            }).addOnSuccessListener {
                if (continuation.isActive){
                    Log.d(TAG, "current location success:$it")
                    if (it != null){
                        continuation.resume(it)
                    }else{
                        continuation.resume(createDefaultLocation())
                    }
                }
            }.addOnFailureListener {
                Log.d(TAG, "current location fail:$it")
                if (continuation.isActive){
                    continuation.resume(createDefaultLocation())
                }
            }.addOnCanceledListener {
                Log.d(TAG, "current location cancel:")
                if (continuation.isActive){
                    continuation.resume(createDefaultLocation())
                }
            }
        }
    }
    //創(chuàng)建當(dāng)前LocationRequest對(duì)象
    private fun createLocationRequest():CurrentLocationRequest{
        return CurrentLocationRequest.Builder()
            .setDurationMillis(1000)
            .setMaxUpdateAgeMillis(5000)
            .setPriority(Priority.PRIORITY_HIGH_ACCURACY)
            .build()
    }
    //創(chuàng)建默認(rèn)值
    private fun createDefaultLocation():Location{
        val location = Location("network")
        location.longitude = 0.0
        location.latitude = 0.0
        return location
    }
}

五，整合LocationManager和FusedLocationProviderClient

在獲取定位時(shí)，可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)GPS定位未開啟的情況，所以不管是LocationManager或FusedLocationProviderClient都需要判斷當(dāng)前服務(wù)是否可用，獲取定位時(shí)，如果GPS信號(hào)較弱等異常情況下，就需要考慮到獲取定位超時(shí)的情況，這里使用了協(xié)程，如FusedLocationProviderClient超過(guò)3秒未獲取成功，則直接切換到LocationManager進(jìn)行二次獲取，這是提升獲取經(jīng)緯度成功的關(guān)鍵。

在實(shí)際項(xiàng)目中，如果對(duì)獲取經(jīng)緯度有較高的考核要求時(shí)，通過(guò)結(jié)合LocationManager和FusedLocationProviderClient如果還是獲取不到，可考慮集成第三方的進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步獲取，可以考慮使用華為的免費(fèi)融合定位服務(wù)，因?yàn)槲覀兪褂眠^(guò)百度地圖的sdk，每天會(huì)出現(xiàn)千萬(wàn)分之五左右的定位錯(cuò)誤和定位漂移問(wèn)題。

import android.Manifest
import android.app.Activity
import android.content.Context
import android.content.Context.LOCATION_SERVICE
import android.content.Intent
import android.location.Geocoder
import android.location.Location
import android.location.LocationManager
import android.provider.Settings
import android.util.Log
import androidx.annotation.RequiresPermission
import com.google.android.gms.location.LocationServices
import kotlinx.coroutines.Dispatchers
import kotlinx.coroutines.suspendCancellableCoroutine
import kotlinx.coroutines.withContext
import kotlinx.coroutines.withTimeout
import java.io.IOException
import java.util.*
import kotlin.coroutines.resume
object LocationHelper {
    fun getLocationServiceStatus(context: Context):Boolean{
        return (context.getSystemService(LOCATION_SERVICE) as LocationManager)
            .isProviderEnabled(LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER)
    }
    /**
     * 打開定位服務(wù)設(shè)置
     */
    fun openLocationSetting(context: Context):Boolean{
        return try {
            val settingsIntent = Intent()
            settingsIntent.action = Settings.ACTION_LOCATION_SOURCE_SETTINGS
            settingsIntent.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_DEFAULT)
            settingsIntent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK)
            settingsIntent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NO_HISTORY)
            settingsIntent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_EXCLUDE_FROM_RECENTS)
            context.startActivity(settingsIntent)
            true
        } catch (ex: java.lang.Exception) {
            false
        }
    }
    /**
     * 獲取當(dāng)前定位
     */
    @RequiresPermission(anyOf = [Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION])
    suspend fun getLocation(context: Activity,timeOut: Long = 2000):Location{
        val location = getLocationByFusedLocationProviderClient(context)
        //默認(rèn)使用FusedLocationProviderClient 如果FusedLocationProviderClient不可用或獲取失敗，則使用LocationManager進(jìn)行二次獲取
        Log.d("LocationHelper", "getLocation:$location")
        return  if (location.latitude == 0.0){
            getLocationByLocationManager(context, timeOut)
        }else{
            location
        }
    }
    @RequiresPermission(anyOf = [Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION])
    private suspend fun getLocationByLocationManager(context: Activity,timeOut: Long = 2000):Location{
        Log.d("LocationHelper", "getLocationByLocationManager")
        val locationManager =  context.getSystemService(LOCATION_SERVICE) as LocationManager
        //檢查L(zhǎng)ocationManager是否可用
        return  if (LocationManagerUtils.checkLocationManagerAvailable(locationManager)){
            //使用LocationManager獲取當(dāng)前經(jīng)緯度
            val location = LocationManagerUtils.getCurrentPosition(locationManager, timeOut)
            if (location.latitude == 0.0){
                LocationManagerUtils.getLastLocation(locationManager)
            }else{
                location
            }
        }else{
            //獲取失敗，則采用默認(rèn)經(jīng)緯度
            LocationManagerUtils.createDefaultLocation()
        }
    }
    @RequiresPermission(anyOf = [Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION])
    private suspend fun getLocationByFusedLocationProviderClient(context: Activity):Location{
        Log.d("LocationHelper", "getLocationByFusedLocationProviderClient")
        //使用FusedLocationProviderClient進(jìn)行定位
        val fusedLocationClient = LocationServices.getFusedLocationProviderClient(context)
        return if (FusedLocationProviderUtils.checkFusedLocationProviderAvailable(fusedLocationClient)){
           withContext(Dispatchers.IO){
               //使用FusedLocationProviderClient獲取當(dāng)前經(jīng)緯度
               val location = FusedLocationProviderUtils.getCurrentPosition(fusedLocationClient)
               if (location.latitude == 0.0){
                   FusedLocationProviderUtils.getLastLocation(fusedLocationClient)
               }else{
                   location
               }
           }
        }else{
            LocationManagerUtils.createDefaultLocation()
        }
    }
}

注：因?yàn)楂@取定位是比較耗電的操作，在實(shí)際使用時(shí)，可增加緩存機(jī)制，比如2分鐘之內(nèi)頻繁，則返回上一次緩存的數(shù)據(jù)，如果超過(guò)2分鐘則重新獲取一次，并緩存起來(lái)。

六，獲取當(dāng)前經(jīng)緯度信息或經(jīng)緯度轉(zhuǎn)換地址

1，獲取當(dāng)前經(jīng)緯度

 @RequiresPermission(anyOf = [Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION])
  fun getCurrentLocation(activity:Activity){
    if (activity != null){
      val exceptionHandler = CoroutineExceptionHandler { _, exception ->
      }
      viewModelScope.launch(exceptionHandler) {
        val location = LocationHelper.getLocation(activity!!)
        val map = HashMap<String,String>()
        map["latitude"] ="${location.latitude}"
        map["longitude"] = "${location.longitude}"
      }
    }
  }

2，經(jīng)緯度轉(zhuǎn)換地址

 /**
     * @param latitude 經(jīng)度
     * @param longitude 緯度
     * @return 詳細(xì)位置信息
     */
    suspend fun convertAddress(context: Context, latitude: Double, longitude: Double): String {
        return try {
            withTimeout(3000){
                suspendCancellableCoroutine {  continuation ->
                    try {
                        val mGeocoder = Geocoder(context, Locale.getDefault())
                        val mStringBuilder = StringBuilder()
                        if (Geocoder.isPresent()){
                            val mAddresses = mGeocoder.getFromLocation(latitude, longitude, 1)
                            if (mAddresses!= null &&mAddresses.size >0) {
                                val address = mAddresses[0]
                                Log.d("LocationUtils", "convertAddress()--->$address")
                                mStringBuilder.append(address.getAddressLine(0)?:"")
                                    .append(",")
                                    .append(address.adminArea?:address.subAdminArea?:"")
                                    .append(",")
                                    .append(address.locality?:address.subLocality?:"")
                                    .append(",")
                                    .append(address.thoroughfare?:address.subThoroughfare?:"")
                            }
                        }
                        if (continuation.isActive){
                            continuation.resume(mStringBuilder.toString())
                        }
                    } catch (e: IOException) {
                        Log.d("LocationUtils", "convertAddress()--IOException->${e.message}")
                        if (continuation.isActive){
                            continuation.resume("")
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }catch (e:Exception){
            Log.d("LocationUtils", "convertAddress()--->timeout")
            return ""
        }
    }

調(diào)用時(shí)：

fun covertAddress(latitude:double,longitude:double){
    if (activity != null){
      val exceptionHandler = CoroutineExceptionHandler { _, exception ->
      }
      viewModelScope.launch(exceptionHandler) {
        val hashMap = argument as HashMap<*, *>
        withContext(Dispatchers.IO){
          val address = LocationHelper.convertAddress(activity!!,
            "${hashMap["latitude"]}".toDouble(),
            "${hashMap["longitude"]}".toDouble())
        }
      }
    }
  }

注：經(jīng)緯度轉(zhuǎn)換地址時(shí)，需要開啟一個(gè)線程或者協(xié)程進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換，不然會(huì)阻塞主線程，引發(fā)異常。

到此這篇關(guān)于Android獲取經(jīng)緯度的最佳實(shí)現(xiàn)方式的文章就介紹到這了,更多相關(guān)Android獲取經(jīng)緯度內(nèi)容請(qǐng)搜索腳本之家以前的文章或繼續(xù)瀏覽下面的相關(guān)文章希望大家以后多多支持腳本之家！

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