C++實現(xiàn)圖片轉base64的示例代碼
1.base64編碼的原因
網(wǎng)絡傳送渠道并不支持所有的字節(jié),例如傳統(tǒng)的郵件只支持可見字符的傳送,像ASCII碼的控制字符就不能通過郵件傳送。這樣用途就受到了很大的限制,比如圖片二進制流的每個字節(jié)不可能全部是可見字符,所以就傳送不了。最好的方法就是在不改變傳統(tǒng)協(xié)議的情 況下,做一種擴展方案來支持二進制文件的傳送。把不可打印的字符也能用可打印字符來表示,問題就解決了。Base64編碼應運而生,Base64就是一種 基于64個可打印字符來表示二進制數(shù)據(jù)的表示方法。
2.base64編碼原理
Base64編碼的思想是是采用64個基本的ASCII碼字符對數(shù)據(jù)進行重新編碼。它將需要編碼的數(shù)據(jù)拆分成字節(jié)數(shù)組。以3個字節(jié)為一組。按順序排列24 位數(shù)據(jù),再把這24位數(shù)據(jù)分成4組,即每組6位。再在每組的的最高位前補兩個0湊足一個字節(jié)。這樣就把一個3字節(jié)為一組的數(shù)據(jù)重新編碼成了4個字節(jié)。當所要編碼的數(shù)據(jù)的字節(jié)數(shù)不是3的整倍數(shù),也就是說在分組時最后一組不夠3個字節(jié)。這時在最后一組填充1到2個0字節(jié)。
3.實現(xiàn)代碼
ZBase64.h
#include string using namespace std; class ZBase64 { public: /*編碼 DataByte [in]輸入的數(shù)據(jù)長度,以字節(jié)為單位 */ string Encode(const unsigned char* Data,int DataByte); /*解碼 DataByte [in]輸入的數(shù)據(jù)長度,以字節(jié)為單位 OutByte [out]輸出的數(shù)據(jù)長度,以字節(jié)為單位,請不要通過返回值計算 輸出數(shù)據(jù)的長度 */ string Decode(const char* Data,int DataByte,int& OutByte); };
ZBase64.cpp
#include "ZBase64.h" string ZBase64::Encode(const unsigned char* Data,int DataByte) { //編碼表 const char EncodeTable[]="ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/"; //返回值 string strEncode; unsigned char Tmp[4]={0}; int LineLength=0; for(int i=0;i<(int)(DataByte / 3);i++) { Tmp[1] = *Data++; Tmp[2] = *Data++; Tmp[3] = *Data++; strEncode+= EncodeTable[Tmp[1] >> 2]; strEncode+= EncodeTable[((Tmp[1] << 4) | (Tmp[2] >> 4)) & 0x3F]; strEncode+= EncodeTable[((Tmp[2] << 2) | (Tmp[3] >> 6)) & 0x3F]; strEncode+= EncodeTable[Tmp[3] & 0x3F]; if(LineLength+=4,LineLength==76) {strEncode+="\r\n";LineLength=0;} } //對剩余數(shù)據(jù)進行編碼 int Mod=DataByte % 3; if(Mod==1) { Tmp[1] = *Data++; strEncode+= EncodeTable[(Tmp[1] & 0xFC) >> 2]; strEncode+= EncodeTable[((Tmp[1] & 0x03) << 4)]; strEncode+= "=="; } else if(Mod==2) { Tmp[1] = *Data++; Tmp[2] = *Data++; strEncode+= EncodeTable[(Tmp[1] & 0xFC) >> 2]; strEncode+= EncodeTable[((Tmp[1] & 0x03) << 4) | ((Tmp[2] & 0xF0) >> 4)]; strEncode+= EncodeTable[((Tmp[2] & 0x0F) << 2)]; strEncode+= "="; } return strEncode; } string ZBase64::Decode(const char* Data,int DataByte,int& OutByte) { //解碼表 const char DecodeTable[] = { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 62, // '+' 0, 0, 0, 63, // '/' 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, // '0'-'9' 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, // 'A'-'Z' 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, // 'a'-'z' }; //返回值 string strDecode; int nValue; int i= 0; while (i < DataByte) { if (*Data != '\r' && *Data!='\n') { nValue = DecodeTable[*Data++] << 18; nValue += DecodeTable[*Data++] << 12; strDecode+=(nValue & 0x00FF0000) >> 16; OutByte++; if (*Data != '=') { nValue += DecodeTable[*Data++] << 6; strDecode+=(nValue & 0x0000FF00) >> 8; OutByte++; if (*Data != '=') { nValue += DecodeTable[*Data++]; strDecode+=nValue & 0x000000FF; OutByte++; } } i += 4; } else// 回車換行,跳過 { Data++; i++; } } return strDecode; }
4.使用示例(結合opencv)
main.cpp
#include<opencv2/opencv.hpp> #include<iostream> #include"ZBase64.h" #include<vector> using namespace std; using namespace cv; void main() { Mat img = imread("1.bmp"); vector<uchar> vecImg; //Mat 圖片數(shù)據(jù)轉換為vector<uchar> vector<int> vecCompression_params; vecCompression_params.push_back(CV_IMWRITE_JPEG_QUALITY); vecCompression_params.push_back(90); imencode(".jpg", img, vecImg, vecCompression_params); ZBase64 base64; string imgbase64 = base64.Encode(vecImg.data(), vecImg.size()); //實現(xiàn)圖片的base64編碼 cout << imgbase64 << endl; }
5.效果圖
6.方法補充
除了上文的方法,小編還為大家整理了其他C++實現(xiàn)圖片轉base64的方法,希望對大家有所幫助
方法一
//++Base64.h #pragma once class CBase64 { public: public: CBase64(); ~CBase64(); /*編碼 DataByte [in]輸入的數(shù)據(jù)長度,以字節(jié)為單位 */ std::string Encode(const char* Data, int DataByte); /*解碼 DataByte [in]輸入的數(shù)據(jù)長度,以字節(jié)為單位 OutByte [out]輸出的數(shù)據(jù)長度,以字節(jié)為單位,請不要通過返回值計算 輸出數(shù)據(jù)的長度 */ std::string Decode(const char* Data, int DataByte, int& OutByte); }; //++Base64.cpp #include"stdafx.h" #include"Base64.h" CBase64::CBase64() { } CBase64::~CBase64() { } std::string CBase64::Encode(const char* Data, int DataByte) { //編碼表 const char EncodeTable[] = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/"; //返回值 string strEncode; unsigned char Tmp[4] = { 0 }; int LineLength = 0; for (int i = 0; i<(int)(DataByte / 3); i++) { Tmp[1] = *Data++; Tmp[2] = *Data++; Tmp[3] = *Data++; strEncode += EncodeTable[Tmp[1] >> 2]; strEncode += EncodeTable[((Tmp[1] << 4) | (Tmp[2] >> 4)) & 0x3F]; strEncode += EncodeTable[((Tmp[2] << 2) | (Tmp[3] >> 6)) & 0x3F]; strEncode += EncodeTable[Tmp[3] & 0x3F]; if (LineLength += 4, LineLength == 76) { strEncode += "\r\n"; LineLength = 0; } } //對剩余數(shù)據(jù)進行編碼 int Mod = DataByte % 3; if (Mod == 1) { Tmp[1] = *Data++; strEncode += EncodeTable[(Tmp[1] & 0xFC) >> 2]; strEncode += EncodeTable[((Tmp[1] & 0x03) << 4)]; strEncode += "=="; } else if (Mod == 2) { Tmp[1] = *Data++; Tmp[2] = *Data++; strEncode += EncodeTable[(Tmp[1] & 0xFC) >> 2]; strEncode += EncodeTable[((Tmp[1] & 0x03) << 4) | ((Tmp[2] & 0xF0) >> 4)]; strEncode += EncodeTable[((Tmp[2] & 0x0F) << 2)]; strEncode += "="; } return strEncode; } std::string CBase64::Decode(const char* Data, int DataByte, int& OutByte) { //解碼表 const char DecodeTable[] = { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 62, // '+' 0, 0, 0, 63, // '/' 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, // '0'-'9' 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, // 'A'-'Z' 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, // 'a'-'z' }; //返回值 string strDecode; int nValue; int i = 0; while (i < DataByte) { if (*Data != '\r' && *Data != '\n') { nValue = DecodeTable[*Data++] << 18; nValue += DecodeTable[*Data++] << 12; strDecode += (nValue & 0x00FF0000) >> 16; OutByte++; if (*Data != '=') { nValue += DecodeTable[*Data++] << 6; strDecode += (nValue & 0x0000FF00) >> 8; OutByte++; if (*Data != '=') { nValue += DecodeTable[*Data++]; strDecode += nValue & 0x000000FF; OutByte++; } } i += 4; } else// 回車換行,跳過 { Data++; i++; } } return strDecode; } 以下是讀寫圖片的調用代碼: bool CBusinessDataMgr::ReadPhotoFile(std::basic_string<TCHAR> strFileName,std::string &strData) { HANDLE hFile; hFile = CreateFile(strFileName.c_str(), GENERIC_READ, 0, NULL, OPEN_EXISTING, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL); if (hFile == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) { return false; } DWORD dFileSize = GetFileSize(hFile, NULL); char * pBuffer = new char[dFileSize + 1]; if(pBuffer == NULL) return false; memset(pBuffer, 0, dFileSize); DWORD dReadSize(0); if (!ReadFile(hFile, pBuffer, dFileSize, &dReadSize, NULL)) { delete[]pBuffer; CloseHandle(hFile); return false; } CBase64 base64; strData = ""; strData = base64.Encode((const char*)pBuffer, dReadSize); delete[]pBuffer; CloseHandle(hFile); return true; } bool CBusinessDataMgr::WritePhotoFile(std::basic_string<TCHAR> strFileName, std::string &strData) { HANDLE hFile; hFile = CreateFile(strFileName.c_str(), GENERIC_WRITE, 0, NULL, CREATE_ALWAYS, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL); if (hFile == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) { return false; } CBase64 base64; int datalen(0); DWORD dwritelen(0); std::string strdcode = base64.Decode(strData.data(),strData.size(), datalen); if (!WriteFile(hFile, strdcode.data(), datalen, &dwritelen, NULL)) { CloseHandle(hFile); return false; } CloseHandle(hFile); return true; }
方法二
#include <string> #include <iostream> static std::string base64Decode(const char* Data, int DataByte) { //解碼表 const char DecodeTable[] = { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 62, // '+' 0, 0, 0, 63, // '/' 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, // '0'-'9' 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, // 'A'-'Z' 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, // 'a'-'z' }; std::string strDecode; int nValue; int i = 0; while (i < DataByte) { if (*Data != '\r' && *Data != '\n') { nValue = DecodeTable[*Data++] << 18; nValue += DecodeTable[*Data++] << 12; strDecode += (nValue & 0x00FF0000) >> 16; if (*Data != '=') { nValue += DecodeTable[*Data++] << 6; strDecode += (nValue & 0x0000FF00) >> 8; if (*Data != '=') { nValue += DecodeTable[*Data++]; strDecode += nValue & 0x000000FF; } } i += 4; } else { Data++; i++; } } return strDecode; } static const std::string base64_chars = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ" "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz" "0123456789+/"; std::string base64_encode(const char* bytes_to_encode, unsigned int in_len) { std::string ret; int i = 0; int j = 0; unsigned char char_array_3[3]; unsigned char char_array_4[4]; while (in_len--) { char_array_3[i++] = *(bytes_to_encode++); if (i == 3) { char_array_4[0] = (char_array_3[0] & 0xfc) >> 2; char_array_4[1] = ((char_array_3[0] & 0x03) << 4) + ((char_array_3[1] & 0xf0) >> 4); char_array_4[2] = ((char_array_3[1] & 0x0f) << 2) + ((char_array_3[2] & 0xc0) >> 6); char_array_4[3] = char_array_3[2] & 0x3f; for (i = 0; (i < 4); i++) { ret += base64_chars[char_array_4[i]]; } i = 0; } } if (i) { for (j = i; j < 3; j++) { char_array_3[j] = '\0'; } char_array_4[0] = (char_array_3[0] & 0xfc) >> 2; char_array_4[1] = ((char_array_3[0] & 0x03) << 4) + ((char_array_3[1] & 0xf0) >> 4); char_array_4[2] = ((char_array_3[1] & 0x0f) << 2) + ((char_array_3[2] & 0xc0) >> 6); char_array_4[3] = char_array_3[2] & 0x3f; for (j = 0; (j < i + 1); j++) { ret += base64_chars[char_array_4[j]]; } while ((i++ < 3)) { ret += '='; } } return ret; } int main(){ std::fstream f; f.open("2.jpeg", std::ios::in | std::ios::binary); f.seekg(0, std::ios_base::end); //設置偏移量至文件結尾 std::streampos sp = f.tellg(); //獲取文件大小 int size = sp; char* buffer = (char*)malloc(sizeof(char) * size); f.seekg(0, std::ios_base::beg); //設置偏移量至文件開頭 f.read(buffer, size); //將文件內(nèi)容讀入buffer std::string imgBase64 = base64_encode(buffer, size); std::string s_mat = base64Decode(imgBase64.c_str(), imgBase64.size()); FILE* stream; if ((stream = fopen("1.JPG", "wb")) != NULL) { int numwritten = fwrite(s_mat.data(), sizeof(char), s_mat.size(), stream); fclose(stream); } //編碼 }
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