SpringBoot如何配置文件給bean賦值問題

更新時(shí)間：2024年05月16日 09:24:35 作者：鍵盤都敲壞了

這篇文章主要介紹了SpringBoot如何配置文件給bean賦值問題,具有很好的參考價(jià)值,希望對(duì)大家有所幫助,如有錯(cuò)誤或未考慮完全的地方,望不吝賜教

方式一、使用yaml文件對(duì)bean進(jìn)行注入

案例

（先來兩個(gè)實(shí)體類做為案例測(cè)試用）

Car類

 
@Component
public class Car {
 
    String name;
    String pinpai;
 
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
 
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
 
    public String getPinpai() {
        return pinpai;
    }
 
    public void setPinpai(String pinpai) {
        this.pinpai = pinpai;
    }
 
    public Car(String name, String pinpai) {
        this.name = name;
        this.pinpai = pinpai;
    }
 
    public Car() {
    }
 
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Car{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", pinpai='" + pinpai + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

Person類

//此注解通過application.yaml里的person來注入?yún)?shù)
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "person")

@Component
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "person") //通過application.yaml里的person來注入?yún)?shù)
public class Person {
 
     String name;
    String age;
    String idcard;
    Map map;
    List list;
    Car car;
 
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
 
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
 
    public String getAge() {
        return age;
    }
 
    public void setAge(String age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
 
    public String getIdcard() {
        return idcard;
    }
 
    public void setIdcard(String idcard) {
        this.idcard = idcard;
    }
 
    public Map getMap() {
        return map;
    }
 
    public void setMap(Map map) {
        this.map = map;
    }
 
    public List getList() {
        return list;
    }
 
    public void setList(List list) {
        this.list = list;
    }
 
    public Car getCar() {
        return car;
    }
 
    public void setCar(Car car) {
        this.car = car;
    }
 
    public Person(String name, String age, String idcard, Map map, List list, Car car) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
        this.idcard = idcard;
        this.map = map;
        this.list = list;
        this.car = car;
    }
 
    public Person() {
    }
 
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Person{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age='" + age + '\'' +
                ", idcard='" + idcard + '\'' +
                ", map=" + map +
                ", list=" + list +
                ", car=" + car +
                '}';
    }
}

application.yaml里的代碼：

（注意一點(diǎn)的是yaml文件必須以application命名才能被springboot識(shí)別）

person:
  name: zhangsan
  age: 20
  idcard: 342115454
  map: {key: 1,key2: 2}
  list:
    - java
    - html
    - js
    - css
  car:
    name: 21款小奔奔
    pinpai: 國(guó)產(chǎn)汽車

yaml配置文件嚴(yán)格遵守層級(jí)關(guān)系，以及冒號(hào)后需要有一個(gè)空格
yaml文件中對(duì)于Map類型的賦值，最為方便的則是{key: value}形式
List類型的賦值則是可以通過（- 值）的方式類賦值也可以通過list: [值1,值2,值3]的方式，根據(jù)個(gè)人喜好選擇
yaml文件中的key名必須和封裝的實(shí)體類對(duì)象的屬性名一致，否則無法注入

測(cè)試輸出的信息為：

person{
    name='zhangsan', age='20', idcard='342115454', 
    map={key=1, key2=2}, list=[java, html, js, css],
    car=Car{name='21款小奔奔', pinpai='國(guó)產(chǎn)汽車'}
}

甚至還能玩的更花樣一點(diǎn)：

person:
  name: zhangsan
  #在20后面加上隨機(jī)的int整數(shù)
  age: 20${random.int}
  #隨機(jī)生成的long的整數(shù)
  idcard: ${random.long}
  map: {key: 1,key2: 2}
  check: 大奔奔汽車
  list:
    - java
    - html
    - js
    - css
  car:
    name: 21款小奔奔
    #判斷person中的key名為check的值是否存在，如果存在則注入person.check的值，不存在則注入小奔奔汽車
    pinpai: ${person.check:小奔奔汽車}

方式二、使用自定義配置文件對(duì)bean進(jìn)行注入

案例

（還是先來兩個(gè)實(shí)體類做為案例測(cè)試用）

Car類

@Component
public class Car1 {
 
    String name;
    String pinpai;
 
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
 
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
 
    public String getPinpai() {
        return pinpai;
    }
 
    public void setPinpai(String pinpai) {
        this.pinpai = pinpai;
    }
 
    public Car1(String name, String pinpai) {
        this.name = name;
        this.pinpai = pinpai;
    }
 
    public Car1() {
    }
 
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Car{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", pinpai='" + pinpai + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

Person類：

//javaConfig 綁定配置文件的值
//加載指定路徑的配置文件  myconfig.properties
@PropertySource(value = "classpath:myconfig.properties")

再通過@Value("${key名}")來注入，key名則是配置文件中的key

@Component
//javaConfig 綁定配置文件的值
//加載指定配置文件
@PropertySource(value = "classpath:myconfig.properties")
public class Person1 {
 
    //SPEL表達(dá)式取出值
    @Value("${name}")
    String name;
    String age;
    String idcard;
    Map map;
    List list;
    Car1 car1;
 
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
 
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
 
    public String getAge() {
        return age;
    }
 
    public void setAge(String age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
 
    public String getIdcard() {
        return idcard;
    }
 
    public void setIdcard(String idcard) {
        this.idcard = idcard;
    }
 
    public Map getMap() {
        return map;
    }
 
    public void setMap(Map map) {
        this.map = map;
    }
 
    public List getList() {
        return list;
    }
 
    public void setList(List list) {
        this.list = list;
    }
 
    public Car1 getCar() {
        return car1;
    }
 
    public void setCar(Car1 car1) {
        this.car1 = car1;
    }
 
    public Person1(String name, String age, String idcard, Map map, List list, Car1 car1) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
        this.idcard = idcard;
        this.map = map;
        this.list = list;
        this.car1 = car1;
    }
 
    public Person1() {
    }
 
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Person{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age='" + age + '\'' +
                ", idcard='" + idcard + '\'' +
                ", map=" + map +
                ", list=" + list +
                ", car=" + car1 +
                '}';
    }
}

自定義配置文件myconfig.properties的代碼：

只做其中兩個(gè)參數(shù)的案例