java實(shí)現(xiàn)調(diào)用http請(qǐng)求的五種常見方式

更新時(shí)間：2024年07月18日 11:50:43 作者：老周聊架構(gòu)

在實(shí)際開發(fā)過(guò)程中,我們經(jīng)常需要調(diào)用對(duì)方提供的接口或測(cè)試自己寫的接口是否合適,本文主要介紹了java實(shí)現(xiàn)調(diào)用http請(qǐng)求的四種常見方式,感興趣的可以了解一下

一、概述

在實(shí)際開發(fā)過(guò)程中，我們經(jīng)常需要調(diào)用對(duì)方提供的接口或測(cè)試自己寫的接口是否合適。很多項(xiàng)目都會(huì)封裝規(guī)定好本身項(xiàng)目的接口規(guī)范，所以大多數(shù)需要去調(diào)用對(duì)方提供的接口或第三方接口（短信、天氣等）。

在Java項(xiàng)目中調(diào)用第三方接口的方式有：

1、通過(guò)JDK網(wǎng)絡(luò)類Java.net.HttpURLConnection；

2、通過(guò)common封裝好的HttpClient；

3、通過(guò)Apache封裝好的CloseableHttpClient；

4、通過(guò)SpringBoot-RestTemplate；

二、 Java調(diào)用第三方http接口的方式

2.1、通過(guò)JDK網(wǎng)絡(luò)類Java.net.HttpURLConnection

比較原始的一種調(diào)用做法，這里把get請(qǐng)求和post請(qǐng)求都統(tǒng)一放在一個(gè)方法里面。
實(shí)現(xiàn)過(guò)程：

GET:
1、創(chuàng)建遠(yuǎn)程連接
2、設(shè)置連接方式（get、post、put。。。）
3、設(shè)置連接超時(shí)時(shí)間
4、設(shè)置響應(yīng)讀取時(shí)間
5、發(fā)起請(qǐng)求
6、獲取請(qǐng)求數(shù)據(jù)
7、關(guān)閉連接

POST:
1、創(chuàng)建遠(yuǎn)程連接
2、設(shè)置連接方式（get、post、put。。。）
3、設(shè)置連接超時(shí)時(shí)間
4、設(shè)置響應(yīng)讀取時(shí)間
5、當(dāng)向遠(yuǎn)程服務(wù)器傳送數(shù)據(jù)/寫數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)，需要設(shè)置為true（setDoOutput）
6、當(dāng)前向遠(yuǎn)程服務(wù)讀取數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)，設(shè)置為true，該參數(shù)可有可無(wú)（setDoInput）
7、設(shè)置傳入?yún)?shù)的格式:（setRequestProperty）
8、設(shè)置鑒權(quán)信息：Authorization:（setRequestProperty）
9、設(shè)置參數(shù)
10、發(fā)起請(qǐng)求
11、獲取請(qǐng)求數(shù)據(jù)
12、關(guān)閉連接

直接上代碼：

package com.riemann.springbootdemo.util.common.httpConnectionUtil;

import org.springframework.lang.Nullable;

import java.io.*;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLConnection;

/**
 * @author riemann
 * @date 2019/05/24 23:42
 */
public class HttpURLConnectionUtil {

    /**
     * Http get請(qǐng)求
     * @param httpUrl 連接
     * @return 響應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù)
     */
    public static String doGet(String httpUrl){
        //鏈接
        HttpURLConnection connection = null;
        InputStream is = null;
        BufferedReader br = null;
        StringBuffer result = new StringBuffer();
        try {
            //創(chuàng)建連接
            URL url = new URL(httpUrl);
            connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
            //設(shè)置請(qǐng)求方式
            connection.setRequestMethod("GET");
            //設(shè)置連接超時(shí)時(shí)間
            connection.setReadTimeout(15000);
            //開始連接
            connection.connect();
            //獲取響應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù)
            if (connection.getResponseCode() == 200) {
                //獲取返回的數(shù)據(jù)
                is = connection.getInputStream();
                if (null != is) {
                    br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is, "UTF-8"));
                    String temp = null;
                    while (null != (temp = br.readLine())) {
                        result.append(temp);
                    }
                }
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (null != br) {
                try {
                    br.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (null != is) {
                try {
                    is.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            //關(guān)閉遠(yuǎn)程連接
            connection.disconnect();
        }
        return result.toString();
    }

    /**
     * Http post請(qǐng)求
     * @param httpUrl 連接
     * @param param 參數(shù)
     * @return
     */
    public static String doPost(String httpUrl, @Nullable String param) {
        StringBuffer result = new StringBuffer();
        //連接
        HttpURLConnection connection = null;
        OutputStream os = null;
        InputStream is = null;
        BufferedReader br = null;
        try {
            //創(chuàng)建連接對(duì)象
            URL url = new URL(httpUrl);
            //創(chuàng)建連接
            connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
            //設(shè)置請(qǐng)求方法
            connection.setRequestMethod("POST");
            //設(shè)置連接超時(shí)時(shí)間
            connection.setConnectTimeout(15000);
            //設(shè)置讀取超時(shí)時(shí)間
            connection.setReadTimeout(15000);
            //DoOutput設(shè)置是否向httpUrlConnection輸出，DoInput設(shè)置是否從httpUrlConnection讀入，此外發(fā)送post請(qǐng)求必須設(shè)置這兩個(gè)
            //設(shè)置是否可讀取
            connection.setDoOutput(true);
            connection.setDoInput(true);
            //設(shè)置通用的請(qǐng)求屬性
            connection.setRequestProperty("accept", "*/*");
            connection.setRequestProperty("connection", "Keep-Alive");
            connection.setRequestProperty("user-agent", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1)");
            connection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/json;charset=utf-8");

            //拼裝參數(shù)
            if (null != param && param.equals("")) {
                //設(shè)置參數(shù)
                os = connection.getOutputStream();
                //拼裝參數(shù)
                os.write(param.getBytes("UTF-8"));
            }
            //設(shè)置權(quán)限
            //設(shè)置請(qǐng)求頭等
            //開啟連接
            //connection.connect();
            //讀取響應(yīng)
            if (connection.getResponseCode() == 200) {
                is = connection.getInputStream();
                if (null != is) {
                    br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is, "GBK"));
                    String temp = null;
                    while (null != (temp = br.readLine())) {
                        result.append(temp);
                        result.append("\r\n");
                    }
                }
            }

        } catch (MalformedURLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            //關(guān)閉連接
            if(br!=null){
                try {
                    br.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if(os!=null){
                try {
                    os.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if(is!=null){
                try {
                    is.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            //關(guān)閉連接
            connection.disconnect();
        }
        return result.toString();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String message = doPost("https://tcc.taobao.com/cc/json/mobile_tel_segment.htm?tel=13026194071", "");
        System.out.println(message);
    }
}

運(yùn)行結(jié)果：

在這里插入圖片描述

2.2 通過(guò)apache common封裝好的HttpClient

httpClient的get或post請(qǐng)求方式步驟：

生成一個(gè)HttpClient對(duì)象并設(shè)置相應(yīng)的參數(shù)；
生成一個(gè)GetMethod對(duì)象或PostMethod并設(shè)置響應(yīng)的參數(shù)；
用HttpClient生成的對(duì)象來(lái)執(zhí)行GetMethod生成的Get方法；
處理響應(yīng)狀態(tài)碼；
若響應(yīng)正常，處理HTTP響應(yīng)內(nèi)容；
釋放連接。

導(dǎo)入如下jar包：

<!--HttpClient-->
<dependency>
    <groupId>commons-httpclient</groupId>
    <artifactId>commons-httpclient</artifactId>
    <version>3.1</version>
</dependency>

<!--fastjson-->
<dependency>
    <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
    <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
    <version>1.2.32</version>
</dependency>

代碼如下：

package com.riemann.springbootdemo.util.common.httpConnectionUtil;

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.*;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.GetMethod;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.PostMethod;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.params.HttpMethodParams;

import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * @author riemann
 * @date 2019/05/25 0:58
 */
public class HttpClientUtil {
    /**
     * httpClient的get請(qǐng)求方式
     * 使用GetMethod來(lái)訪問(wèn)一個(gè)URL對(duì)應(yīng)的網(wǎng)頁(yè)實(shí)現(xiàn)步驟：
     * 1.生成一個(gè)HttpClient對(duì)象并設(shè)置相應(yīng)的參數(shù)；
     * 2.生成一個(gè)GetMethod對(duì)象并設(shè)置響應(yīng)的參數(shù)；
     * 3.用HttpClient生成的對(duì)象來(lái)執(zhí)行GetMethod生成的Get方法；
     * 4.處理響應(yīng)狀態(tài)碼；
     * 5.若響應(yīng)正常，處理HTTP響應(yīng)內(nèi)容；
     * 6.釋放連接。
     * @param url
     * @param charset
     * @return
     */
    public static String doGet(String url, String charset) {
        //1.生成HttpClient對(duì)象并設(shè)置參數(shù)
        HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient();
        //設(shè)置Http連接超時(shí)為5秒
        httpClient.getHttpConnectionManager().getParams().setConnectionTimeout(5000);
        //2.生成GetMethod對(duì)象并設(shè)置參數(shù)
        GetMethod getMethod = new GetMethod(url);
        //設(shè)置get請(qǐng)求超時(shí)為5秒
        getMethod.getParams().setParameter(HttpMethodParams.SO_TIMEOUT, 5000);
        //設(shè)置請(qǐng)求重試處理，用的是默認(rèn)的重試處理：請(qǐng)求三次
        getMethod.getParams().setParameter(HttpMethodParams.RETRY_HANDLER, new DefaultHttpMethodRetryHandler());
        String response = "";
        //3.執(zhí)行HTTP GET 請(qǐng)求
        try {
            int statusCode = httpClient.executeMethod(getMethod);
            //4.判斷訪問(wèn)的狀態(tài)碼
            if (statusCode != HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
                System.err.println("請(qǐng)求出錯(cuò)：" + getMethod.getStatusLine());
            }
            //5.處理HTTP響應(yīng)內(nèi)容
            //HTTP響應(yīng)頭部信息，這里簡(jiǎn)單打印
            Header[] headers = getMethod.getResponseHeaders();
            for(Header h : headers) {
                System.out.println(h.getName() + "---------------" + h.getValue());
            }
            //讀取HTTP響應(yīng)內(nèi)容，這里簡(jiǎn)單打印網(wǎng)頁(yè)內(nèi)容
            //讀取為字節(jié)數(shù)組
            byte[] responseBody = getMethod.getResponseBody();
            response = new String(responseBody, charset);
            System.out.println("-----------response:" + response);
            //讀取為InputStream，在網(wǎng)頁(yè)內(nèi)容數(shù)據(jù)量大時(shí)候推薦使用
            //InputStream response = getMethod.getResponseBodyAsStream();
        } catch (HttpException e) {
            //發(fā)生致命的異常，可能是協(xié)議不對(duì)或者返回的內(nèi)容有問(wèn)題
            System.out.println("請(qǐng)檢查輸入的URL!");
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            //發(fā)生網(wǎng)絡(luò)異常
            System.out.println("發(fā)生網(wǎng)絡(luò)異常!");
        } finally {
            //6.釋放連接
            getMethod.releaseConnection();
        }
        return response;
    }

    /**
     * post請(qǐng)求
     * @param url
     * @param json
     * @return
     */
    public static String doPost(String url, JSONObject json){
        HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient();
        PostMethod postMethod = new PostMethod(url);

        postMethod.addRequestHeader("accept", "*/*");
        postMethod.addRequestHeader("connection", "Keep-Alive");
        //設(shè)置json格式傳送
        postMethod.addRequestHeader("Content-Type", "application/json;charset=GBK");
        //必須設(shè)置下面這個(gè)Header
        postMethod.addRequestHeader("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.81 Safari/537.36");
        //添加請(qǐng)求參數(shù)
        postMethod.addParameter("commentId", json.getString("commentId"));

        String res = "";
        try {
            int code = httpClient.executeMethod(postMethod);
            if (code == 200){
                res = postMethod.getResponseBodyAsString();
                System.out.println(res);
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return res;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println(doGet("http://tcc.taobao.com/cc/json/mobile_tel_segment.htm?tel=13026194071", "GBK"));
        System.out.println("-----------分割線------------");
        System.out.println("-----------分割線------------");
        System.out.println("-----------分割線------------");

        JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject();
        jsonObject.put("commentId", "13026194071");
        System.out.println(doPost("http://tcc.taobao.com/cc/json/mobile_tel_segment.htm?tel=13026194071", jsonObject));
    }
}

運(yùn)行結(jié)果：

在這里插入圖片描述

post請(qǐng)求的jsonObject 的參數(shù)也成功寫入

2.3 通過(guò)Apache封裝好的CloseableHttpClient

CloseableHttpClient是在HttpClient的基礎(chǔ)上修改更新而來(lái)的，這里還涉及到請(qǐng)求頭token的設(shè)置（請(qǐng)求驗(yàn)證），利用fastjson轉(zhuǎn)換請(qǐng)求或返回結(jié)果字符串為json格式，當(dāng)然上面兩種方式也是可以設(shè)置請(qǐng)求頭token、json的，這里只在下面說(shuō)明。

導(dǎo)入如下jar包：

<!--CloseableHttpClient-->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
    <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
    <version>4.5.2</version>
</dependency>

<!--fastjson-->
<dependency>
    <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
    <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
    <version>1.2.32</version>
</dependency>

代碼如下：

package com.riemann.springbootdemo.util.common.httpConnectionUtil;

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.HttpStatus;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClientBuilder;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;

/**
 * @author riemann
 * @date 2019/05/25 1:35
 */
public class CloseableHttpClientUtil {

    private static String tokenString = "";
    private static String AUTH_TOKEN_EXPIRED = "AUTH_TOKEN_EXPIRED";
    private static CloseableHttpClient httpClient = null;

    /**
     * 以get方式調(diào)用第三方接口
     * @param url
     * @param token
     * @return
     */
    public static String doGet(String url, String token) {
        //創(chuàng)建HttpClient對(duì)象
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();
        HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url);
        if (null != tokenString &amp;&amp; !tokenString.equals("")) {
            tokenString = getToken();
        }
        //api_gateway_auth_token自定義header頭，用于token驗(yàn)證使用
        httpGet.addHeader("api_gateway_auth_token",tokenString);
        httpGet.addHeader("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.81 Safari/537.36");
        try {
            HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
            if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
                //返回json格式
                String res = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());
                return res;
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * 以post方式調(diào)用第三方接口
     * @param url
     * @param json
     * @return
     */
    public static String doPost(String url, JSONObject json) {
        if (null == httpClient) {
            httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();
        }
        HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
        if (null != tokenString &amp;&amp; tokenString.equals("")) {
            tokenString = getToken();
        }
        //api_gateway_auth_token自定義header頭，用于token驗(yàn)證使用
        httpPost.addHeader("api_gateway_auth_token", tokenString);
        httpPost.addHeader("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.81 Safari/537.36");
        try {
            StringEntity se = new StringEntity(json.toString());
            se.setContentEncoding("UTF-8");
            //發(fā)送json數(shù)據(jù)需要設(shè)置contentType
            se.setContentType("application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
            //設(shè)置請(qǐng)求參數(shù)
            httpPost.setEntity(se);
            HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
            if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
                //返回json格式
                String res = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());
                return res;
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (httpClient != null){
                try {
                    httpClient.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * 獲取第三方接口的token
     */
    public static String getToken() {
        String token = "";
        JSONObject object = new JSONObject();
        object.put("appid", "appid");
        object.put("secretkey", "secretkey");
        if (null == httpClient) {
            httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();
        }
        HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost("http://localhost/login");
        httpPost.addHeader("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.81 Safari/537.36");
        try {
            StringEntity se = new StringEntity(object.toString());
            se.setContentEncoding("UTF-8");
            //發(fā)送json數(shù)據(jù)需要設(shè)置contentType
            se.setContentType("application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
            //設(shè)置請(qǐng)求參數(shù)
            httpPost.setEntity(se);
            HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
            //這里可以把返回的結(jié)果按照自定義的返回?cái)?shù)據(jù)結(jié)果，把string轉(zhuǎn)換成自定義類
            //ResultTokenBO result = JSONObject.parseObject(response, ResultTokenBO.class);
            //把response轉(zhuǎn)為jsonObject
            JSONObject result = (JSONObject) JSONObject.parseObject(String.valueOf(response));
            if (result.containsKey("token")) {
                token = result.getString("token");
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return token;
    }

    /**
     * 測(cè)試
     */
    public static void test(String telephone) {

        JSONObject object = new JSONObject();
        object.put("telephone", telephone);

        //首先獲取token
        tokenString = getToken();
        String response = doPost("http://localhost/searchUrl", object);
        //如果返回的結(jié)果是list形式的，需要使用JSONObject.parseArray轉(zhuǎn)換
        //List&lt;Result&gt; list = JSONObject.parseArray(response, Result.class);
        System.out.println(response);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        test("12345678910");
    }
}

2.4 通過(guò)SpringBoot-RestTemplate

springBoot-RestTemple是上面三種方式的集大成者，代碼編寫更加簡(jiǎn)單，目前可以采用的調(diào)用第三方接口有：

delete() 在特定的URL上對(duì)資源執(zhí)行HTTP DELETE操作
exchange() 在URL上執(zhí)行特定的HTTP方法，返回包含對(duì)象的ResponseEntity，這個(gè)對(duì)象是從響應(yīng)體中映射得到的
execute() 在URL上執(zhí)行特定的HTTP方法，返回一個(gè)從響應(yīng)體映射得到的對(duì)象
getForEntity() 發(fā)送一個(gè)HTTP GET請(qǐng)求，返回的ResponseEntity包含了響應(yīng)體所映射成的對(duì)象
getForObject() 發(fā)送一個(gè)HTTP GET請(qǐng)求，返回的請(qǐng)求體將映射為一個(gè)對(duì)象
postForEntity() POST 數(shù)據(jù)到一個(gè)URL，返回包含一個(gè)對(duì)象的ResponseEntity，這個(gè)對(duì)象是從響應(yīng)體中映射得到的
postForObject() POST 數(shù)據(jù)到一個(gè)URL，返回根據(jù)響應(yīng)體匹配形成的對(duì)象
headForHeaders() 發(fā)送HTTP HEAD請(qǐng)求，返回包含特定資源URL的HTTP頭
optionsForAllow() 發(fā)送HTTP OPTIONS請(qǐng)求，返回對(duì)特定URL的Allow頭信息
postForLocation() POST 數(shù)據(jù)到一個(gè)URL，返回新創(chuàng)建資源的URL
put() PUT 資源到特定的URL

注意：目前標(biāo)粗的為常用的

首先導(dǎo)入springboot的web包

<parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.0.4.RELEASE</version>
    </parent>

    <dependencies>
        <!--CloseableHttpClient-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
            <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
            <version>4.5.2</version>
        </dependency>

        <!--spring restTemplate-->
        <!-- @ConfigurationProperties annotation processing (metadata for IDEs)
                生成spring-configuration-metadata.json類，需要引入此類-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-configuration-processor</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-aop</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jetty</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

在啟動(dòng)類同包下創(chuàng)建RestTemplateConfig.java類

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.http.client.ClientHttpRequestFactory;
import org.springframework.http.client.SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

/**
 * @author riemann
 * @date 2019/05/25 2:16
 */
@Configuration
public class RestTemplateConfig {

    @Bean
    public RestTemplate restTemplate(ClientHttpRequestFactory factory){
        return new RestTemplate(factory);
    }

    @Bean
    public ClientHttpRequestFactory simpleClientHttpRequestFactory(){
        SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory factory = new SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory();
        factory.setConnectTimeout(15000);
        factory.setReadTimeout(5000);
        return factory;
    }
}

然后在Service類（RestTemplateToInterface ）中注入使用

具體代碼如下：

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import com.swordfall.model.User;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.http.*;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

/**
 * @author riemann
 * @date 2019/05/25 2:20
 */
@Service
public class RestTemplateToInterface {

    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;

    /**
     * 以get方式請(qǐng)求第三方http接口 getForEntity
     * @param url
     * @return
     */
    public User doGetWith1(String url){
        ResponseEntity<User> responseEntity = restTemplate.getForEntity(url, User.class);
        User user = responseEntity.getBody();
        return user;
    }

    /**
     * 以get方式請(qǐng)求第三方http接口 getForObject
     * 返回值返回的是響應(yīng)體，省去了我們?cè)偃etBody()
     * @param url
     * @return
     */
    public User doGetWith2(String url){
        User user  = restTemplate.getForObject(url, User.class);
        return user;
    }

    /**
     * 以post方式請(qǐng)求第三方http接口 postForEntity
     * @param url
     * @return
     */
    public String doPostWith1(String url){
        User user = new User("小白", 20);
        ResponseEntity<String> responseEntity = restTemplate.postForEntity(url, user, String.class);
        String body = responseEntity.getBody();
        return body;
    }

    /**
     * 以post方式請(qǐng)求第三方http接口 postForEntity
     * @param url
     * @return
     */
    public String doPostWith2(String url){
        User user = new User("小白", 20);
        String body = restTemplate.postForObject(url, user, String.class);
        return body;
    }

    /**
     * exchange
     * @return
     */
    public String doExchange(String url, Integer age, String name){
        //header參數(shù)
        HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
        String token = "asdfaf2322";
        headers.add("authorization", token);
        headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);

        //放入body中的json參數(shù)
        JSONObject obj = new JSONObject();
        obj.put("age", age);
        obj.put("name", name);

        //組裝
        HttpEntity<JSONObject> request = new HttpEntity<>(obj, headers);
        ResponseEntity<String> responseEntity = restTemplate.exchange(url, HttpMethod.POST, request, String.class);
        String body = responseEntity.getBody();
        return body;
    }
}

2021.3.14 更新

應(yīng)大家的響應(yīng)，okhttp 現(xiàn)在也是蠻流行的，基于手機(jī)端很火，這里分享一下OkHttpClient客戶端，業(yè)務(wù)代碼get、post請(qǐng)求直接調(diào)用就好哈。

2.5 通過(guò)okhttp

pom文件引入依賴包

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.squareup.okhttp3</groupId>
    <artifactId>okhttp</artifactId>
    <version>3.10.0</version>
</dependency>

@Slf4j
public class OkHttpClient {
    private static final MediaType JSON = MediaType.parse("application/json; charset=utf-8");

    private volatile static okhttp3.OkHttpClient client;

    private static final int MAX_IDLE_CONNECTION = Integer
            .parseInt(ConfigManager.get("httpclient.max_idle_connection"));

    private static final long KEEP_ALIVE_DURATION = Long
            .parseLong(ConfigManager.get("httpclient.keep_alive_duration"));

    private static final long CONNECT_TIMEOUT = Long.parseLong(ConfigManager.get("httpclient.connectTimeout"));

    private static final long READ_TIMEOUT = Long.parseLong(ConfigManager.get("httpclient. "));

    /**
     * 單例模式(雙重檢查模式) 獲取類實(shí)例
     *
     * @return client
     */
    private static okhttp3.OkHttpClient getInstance() {
        if (client == null) {
            synchronized (okhttp3.OkHttpClient.class) {
                if (client == null) {
                    client = new okhttp3.OkHttpClient.Builder()
                            .connectTimeout(CONNECT_TIMEOUT, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
                            .readTimeout(READ_TIMEOUT, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
                            .connectionPool(new ConnectionPool(MAX_IDLE_CONNECTION, KEEP_ALIVE_DURATION,
                                    TimeUnit.MINUTES))
                            .build();
                }
            }
        }
        return client;
    }

    public static String syncPost(String url, String json) throws IOException {
        RequestBody body = RequestBody.create(JSON, json);
        Request request = new Request.Builder()
                .url(url)
                .post(body)
                .build();
        try {
            Response response = OkHttpClient.getInstance().newCall(request).execute();
            if (response.isSuccessful()) {
                String result = response.body().string();
                log.info("syncPost response = {}, responseBody= {}", response, result);
                return result;
            }
            String result = response.body().string();
            log.info("syncPost response = {}, responseBody= {}", response, result);
            throw new IOException("三方接口返回http狀態(tài)碼為" + response.code());
        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("syncPost() url:{} have a ecxeption {}", url, e);
            throw new RuntimeException("syncPost() have a ecxeption {}" + e.getMessage());
        }
    }

    public static String syncGet(String url, Map<String, Object> headParamsMap) throws IOException {
        Request request;
        final Request.Builder builder = new Request.Builder().url(url);
        try {
            if (!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(headParamsMap)) {
                final Iterator<Map.Entry<String, Object>> iterator = headParamsMap.entrySet()
                        .iterator();
                while (iterator.hasNext()) {
                    final Map.Entry<String, Object> entry = iterator.next();
                    builder.addHeader(entry.getKey(), (String) entry.getValue());
                }
            }
            request = builder.build();
            Response response = OkHttpClient.getInstance().newCall(request).execute();
            String result = response.body().string();
            log.info("syncGet response = {},responseBody= {}", response, result);
            if (!response.isSuccessful()) {
                throw new IOException("三方接口返回http狀態(tài)碼為" + response.code());
            }
            return result;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("remote interface url:{} have a ecxeption {}", url, e);
            throw new RuntimeException("三方接口返回異常");
        }
    }

}

到此這篇關(guān)于java實(shí)現(xiàn)調(diào)用http請(qǐng)求的五種常見方式的文章就介紹到這了,更多相關(guān)java 調(diào)用http請(qǐng)求內(nèi)容請(qǐng)搜索腳本之家以前的文章或繼續(xù)瀏覽下面的相關(guān)文章希望大家以后多多支持腳本之家！

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