Spring解決循環(huán)依賴問題的四種方法匯總
Spring解決循環(huán)依賴問題的四種方法
- @Lazy方式
- 使用Setter/Field Injection
- 使用
@PostConstruct
- 實(shí)現(xiàn) ApplicationContextAware 和 InitializingBean
不管使用那種方式,最佳的還是通過調(diào)整代碼結(jié)構(gòu),從根上設(shè)計(jì)從而達(dá)到避免。
定義兩個(gè)相互依賴的 bean(通過構(gòu)造函數(shù)注入)
package icu.kevin.springpart.circular.constructor; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; @Component public class CircularDependencyA { private CircularDependencyB circB; @Autowired public CircularDependencyA(CircularDependencyB circB) { this.circB = circB; } }
package icu.kevin.springpart.circular.constructor; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; @Component public class CircularDependencyB { private CircularDependencyA circA; @Autowired public CircularDependencyB(CircularDependencyA circA) { this.circA = circA; } }
package icu.kevin.springpart.circular.constructor; import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; @Configuration @ComponentScan(basePackages = { "icu.kevin.springpart.circular.constructor" }) public class TestConfig { }
編寫測試用例,測試是否存在循環(huán)依賴
package icu.kevin.springpart.circular.constructor; import org.junit.Test; import org.junit.runner.RunWith; import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration; import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner; @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) @ContextConfiguration(classes = { TestConfig.class }) public class CircularDependencyIntegrationTest { // Error creating bean with name 'circularDependencyA': Requested bean is currently in creation: Is there an unresolvable circular reference? @Test public void givenCircularDependency_whenConstructorInjection_thenItFails() { // 測試可以為空,因?yàn)樵谏舷挛募虞d期間將檢測到循環(huán)依賴關(guān)系 } }
@Lazy方式
@Lazy
告訴 Spring 延遲初始化其中一個(gè) bean。因此,它不會(huì)完全初始化 Bean,而是創(chuàng)建一個(gè)代理將其注入另一個(gè) Bean。注入的 Bean 只有在第一次需要時(shí)才會(huì)完全創(chuàng)建。
@Lazy 注解是通過建立一個(gè)中間代理層,來破解循環(huán)依賴的。
package icu.kevin.springpart.circular.lazy; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Lazy; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; @Component public class CircularDependencyA { private CircularDependencyB circB; @Autowired public CircularDependencyA(@Lazy CircularDependencyB circB) { this.circB = circB; } }
package icu.kevin.springpart.circular.lazy; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; @Component public class CircularDependencyB { private CircularDependencyA circA; @Autowired public CircularDependencyB(CircularDependencyA circA) { this.circA = circA; } }
package icu.kevin.springpart.circular.lazy; import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; @Configuration @ComponentScan(basePackages = { "icu.kevin.springpart.circular.lazy" }) public class TestConfig { }
package icu.kevin.springpart.circular.lazy; import org.junit.Test; import org.junit.runner.RunWith; import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration; import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner; @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) @ContextConfiguration(classes = { TestConfig.class }) public class CircularDependencyIntegrationTest { // Error creating bean with name 'circularDependencyA': Requested bean is currently in creation: Is there an unresolvable circular reference? @Test public void givenCircularDependency_whenConstructorInjection_thenItFails() { // 測試可以為空,因?yàn)樵谏舷挛募虞d期間將檢測到循環(huán)依賴關(guān)系 } }
啟動(dòng)可以看出,在上下文檢查循環(huán)依賴是可以正常通過的
查看源碼ContextAnnotationAutowireCandidateResolver#getLazyResolutionProxyIfNecessary
首先會(huì)調(diào)用 isLazy 去判斷一下是否需要延遲加載,
如果需要,則調(diào)用 buildLazyResolutionProxy
方法構(gòu)建一個(gè)延遲加載的對(duì)象;
使用Setter/Field Injection
在setter注入的時(shí)候發(fā)生的依賴循環(huán)是可以被解決的,但只能解決單例情況的循環(huán)依賴。
對(duì)于setter注入造成的依賴是通過Spring容器提前暴露剛剛完成構(gòu)造器但還沒有進(jìn)行注入的bean來完成的。通過提前暴露一個(gè)單例工廠讓其他的bean可以引用到該Bean。
package icu.kevin.springpart.circular.setter; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; @Component public class CircularDependencyA { private CircularDependencyB circB; public CircularDependencyB getCircB() { return circB; } @Autowired public void setCircB(CircularDependencyB circB) { this.circB = circB; } }
package icu.kevin.springpart.circular.setter; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; @Component public class CircularDependencyB { private CircularDependencyA circA; private String message = "Hi!"; public CircularDependencyA getCircA() { return circA; } @Autowired public void setCircA(CircularDependencyA circA) { this.circA = circA; } public String getMessage() { return message; } public void setMessage(String message) { this.message = message; } }
package icu.kevin.springpart.circular.setter; import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; @Configuration @ComponentScan(basePackages = { "icu.kevin.springpart.circular.setter" }) public class TestConfig { }
package icu.kevin.springpart.circular.setter; import org.junit.Assert; import org.junit.Test; import org.junit.runner.RunWith; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration; import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner; @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) @ContextConfiguration(classes = { TestConfig.class }) public class CircularDependencyIntegrationTest { @Autowired private ApplicationContext context; @Test public void givenCircularDependency_whenConstructorInjection_thenItFails() { // Empty test; we just want the context to load CircularDependencyA circA = context.getBean(CircularDependencyA.class); Assert.assertEquals("Hi!", circA.getCircB().getMessage()); } }
使用@PostConstruct
package icu.kevin.springpart.circular.postConstruct; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import javax.annotation.PostConstruct; @Component public class CircularDependencyA { @Autowired private CircularDependencyB circB; @PostConstruct public void init(){ circB.setCircA(this); } public CircularDependencyB getCircB() { return circB; } }
package icu.kevin.springpart.circular.postConstruct; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; @Component public class CircularDependencyB { private CircularDependencyA circA; private String message = "Hi!"; public CircularDependencyA getCircA() { return circA; } public void setCircA(CircularDependencyA circA) { this.circA = circA; } public String getMessage() { return message; } public void setMessage(String message) { this.message = message; } }
package icu.kevin.springpart.circular.postConstruct; import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; @Configuration @ComponentScan(basePackages = { "icu.kevin.springpart.circular.postConstruct" }) public class TestConfig { }
package icu.kevin.springpart.circular.postConstruct; import org.junit.Assert; import org.junit.Test; import org.junit.runner.RunWith; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration; import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner; @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) @ContextConfiguration(classes = { TestConfig.class }) public class CircularDependencyIntegrationTest { @Autowired private ApplicationContext context; @Test public void givenCircularDependency_whenConstructorInjection_thenItFails() { // CircularDependencyA circA = context.getBean(CircularDependencyA.class); Assert.assertEquals("Hi!", circA.getCircB().getMessage()); } }
實(shí)現(xiàn) ApplicationContextAware 和 InitializingBean
如果其中一個(gè) Bean 實(shí)現(xiàn)了 ApplicationContextAware,則該 Bean 可以訪問 Spring 上下文,并可以從那里提取另一個(gè) Bean。
通過實(shí)現(xiàn) InitializingBean,我們指示該 Bean 在設(shè)置完所有屬性后必須執(zhí)行一些操作。在這種情況下,我們要手動(dòng)設(shè)置依賴項(xiàng)。
package icu.kevin.springpart.circular.initializingBean; import org.springframework.beans.BeansException; import org.springframework.beans.factory.InitializingBean; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextAware; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; @Component public class CircularDependencyA implements ApplicationContextAware, InitializingBean { private CircularDependencyB circB; private ApplicationContext context; public CircularDependencyB getCircB() { return circB; } @Override public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception { circB = context.getBean(CircularDependencyB.class); } @Override public void setApplicationContext(final ApplicationContext ctx) throws BeansException { context = ctx; } }
package icu.kevin.springpart.circular.initializingBean; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; @Component public class CircularDependencyB { private CircularDependencyA circA; private String message = "Hi!"; public CircularDependencyA getCircA() { return circA; } public void setCircA(CircularDependencyA circA) { this.circA = circA; } public String getMessage() { return message; } public void setMessage(String message) { this.message = message; } }
package icu.kevin.springpart.circular.initializingBean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; @Configuration @ComponentScan(basePackages = { "icu.kevin.springpart.circular.initializingBean" }) public class TestConfig { }
package icu.kevin.springpart.circular.initializingBean; import org.junit.Assert; import org.junit.Test; import org.junit.runner.RunWith; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration; import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner; @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) @ContextConfiguration(classes = { TestConfig.class }) public class CircularDependencyIntegrationTest { @Autowired private ApplicationContext context; @Test public void givenCircularDependency_whenConstructorInjection_thenItFails() { // Empty test; we just want the context to load CircularDependencyA circA = context.getBean(CircularDependencyA.class); Assert.assertEquals("Hi!", circA.getCircB().getMessage()); } }
到此這篇關(guān)于Spring解決循環(huán)依賴問題的四種方法的文章就介紹到這了,更多相關(guān)Spring循環(huán)依賴內(nèi)容請(qǐng)搜索腳本之家以前的文章或繼續(xù)瀏覽下面的相關(guān)文章希望大家以后多多支持腳本之家!
相關(guān)文章
java進(jìn)行遠(yuǎn)程部署與調(diào)試及原理詳解
這篇文章主要介紹了java進(jìn)行遠(yuǎn)程部署與調(diào)試及原理詳解,文中通過示例代碼介紹的非常詳細(xì),對(duì)大家的學(xué)習(xí)或者工作具有一定的參考學(xué)習(xí)價(jià)值,需要的朋友可以參考下2019-12-12Java實(shí)現(xiàn)添加,讀取和刪除Excel圖片的方法詳解
本文介紹在Java程序中如何添加圖片到excel表格,以及如何讀取、刪除excel表格中已有的圖片。文中的示例代碼講解詳細(xì),感興趣的可以學(xué)習(xí)一下2022-05-05解決springboot文件上傳提示臨時(shí)文件夾不存在問題
這篇文章主要介紹了解決springboot文件上傳提示臨時(shí)文件夾不存在問題,具有很好的參考價(jià)值,希望對(duì)大家有所幫助,如有錯(cuò)誤或未考慮完全的地方,望不吝賜教2024-05-05Java中Iterator與ListIterator迭代的區(qū)別
本文主要介紹了Java中Iterator與ListIterator迭代的區(qū)別,文中通過示例代碼介紹的非常詳細(xì),需要的朋友們下面隨著小編來一起學(xué)習(xí)學(xué)習(xí)吧2021-07-07SpringBoot?2.7.18?集成?Mybatis?Plus?+?Druid的實(shí)例詳解
Mybatis和MybatisPlus都是流行的持久層框架,MybatisPlus在Mybatis基礎(chǔ)上增加了更多便捷的功能,如自動(dòng)CRUD、分頁插件等,文章還提到了Entity、Mapper、Service、Controller等組件的基本使用方法,為開發(fā)者提供了一套完整的集成方案2024-10-10