SpringBoot前后端交互、全局異常處理之后端異常信息拋到前端顯示彈窗

更新時間：2024年08月09日 10:48:33 作者：我恨我癡心Jack

Spring Boot是一個用于構(gòu)建獨立的、基于生產(chǎn)級別的Spring應(yīng)用程序的框架,下面這篇文章主要給大家介紹了關(guān)于SpringBoot前后端交互、全局異常處理之后端異常信息拋到前端顯示彈窗的相關(guān)資料,需要的朋友可以參考下

后端：

編寫后端的統(tǒng)一返回信息類：

/**
 * 后端統(tǒng)一返回結(jié)果
 * @param <T>
 */
@Data
public class Result<T> implements Serializable {
    private Integer code;//1成功，0和其他數(shù)字為失敗。
    private String msg;//錯誤信息
    private T data;//數(shù)據(jù)

    public static <T> Result<T> success(){
        Result<T> result = new Result<T>();
        result.code=1;
        return result;
    }
    public static <T> Result<T> success(T object){
        Result<T> result = new Result<T>();
        result.data=object;
        result.code=1;
        return result;
    }

    public static <T> Result<T> error(String msg){
        Result<T> result = new Result<T>();
        result.code=0;
        result.msg=msg;
        return result;
    }
}

異?；A(chǔ)類：

/**
 * 業(yè)務(wù)異常
 */
public class BaseException extends RuntimeException{
    public BaseException(String message) {
        super(message);
    }
    public BaseException() {
    }
}

賬號不存在異常：

/**
 * 賬號不存在異常
 */
public class AccountNotFoundException extends BaseException {

    public AccountNotFoundException() {
    }

    public AccountNotFoundException(String msg) {
        super(msg);
    }

}

賬號密碼為空異常：

/**
 * 賬號密碼為空
 */
public class InputAccountAndPassword extends BaseException{
    public InputAccountAndPassword(String message) {
        super(message);
    }
}

登錄失敗異常：

/**
 * 登錄失敗
 */
public class LoginFailedException extends BaseException{
    public LoginFailedException(String msg){
        super(msg);
    }
}

密碼錯誤：

/**
 * 密碼錯誤異常
 */
public class PasswordErrorException extends BaseException {

    public PasswordErrorException() {
    }

    public PasswordErrorException(String msg) {
        super(msg);
    }

}

全局異常類：

/**
 * 全局異常處理
 */
//@ControllerAdvice(annotations = {RestController.class,Controller.class})
//@ResponseBody
@Slf4j
@RestControllerAdvice
public class GlobalExceptionHandler {
    /**
     * 業(yè)務(wù)異常
     * @param ex 異常信息
     * @return 封裝、拋出給前端
     */
    @ExceptionHandler
    public Result<String> exceptionHandler(BaseException ex){
        log.error(ex.getMessage());
        return Result.error(ex.getMessage());
    }

    @ExceptionHandler
    public Result<String> exceptionHandler(ExpiredJwtException ex){
        String message=ex.getMessage();
        if (message.contains("expired")){
            return Result.error("登錄過期！");
        }
        return null;
    }
}

舉例：

登錄的服務(wù)

@Service
@Slf4j
public class LoginServiceImpl implements LoginService {
    @Autowired(required = false)
    private LoginMapper loginMapper;

    /**
     * 用戶登錄
     * @param user 用戶
     */
    public void userLogin(User user) {
        String email = user.getEmail();
        String password = user.getPassword();
        if (email.isEmpty() || password.isEmpty()) {
            //賬號密碼為空
            throw new InputAccountAndPassword(MessageConstant.ACCOUNT_PASSWORD_EMPTY);
        }
        //賬號密碼不為空
        else {
            //驗證賬號
            int i = loginMapper.userExist(email);
            //賬號存在
            if (i > 0) {
                //驗證密碼
                int p = loginMapper.loginCheck(email, password);
                //密碼正確
                if (p == 1) {
                    //準許登錄 state==1
                    loginMapper.login(email);
                }
                else {
                    //密碼錯誤
                    throw new PasswordErrorException(MessageConstant.PASSWORD_ERROR);
                }
            }
            //賬號不存在
            else {
                throw new AccountNotFoundException(MessageConstant.ACCOUNT_NOT_FOUND);
            }
        }
    }
}

異常提示常量類MessageConstant：

/**
 * 信息提示常量類
 */
public class MessageConstant {
    public static final String PASSWORD_ERROR = "密碼錯誤";
    public static final String ACCOUNT_NOT_FOUND = "賬號不存在";
    public static final String LOGIN_FAILED = "登錄失敗";
    public static final String ACCOUNT_PASSWORD_EMPTY="請輸入賬號和密碼";
}

控制端：

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/login")
@Slf4j
public class LoginController {
    @Autowired(required = false)
    private LoginService loginService;
    @Autowired
    private JwtProperties jwtProperties;
    @PostMapping("/userlogin")
    public Result login(@RequestBody User user){
        log.info("開始登錄：email:{},password:{}",user.getEmail(),user.getPassword());
        log.info("{}",user);
        loginService.userLogin(user);
        //登錄成功后，生成jwt令牌
        Map<String, Object>claims=new HashMap<>();
        claims.put("userId",1L);
        claims.put("email",user.getEmail());
        String token= JwtUtil.createJWT(
                jwtProperties.getUserSecretKey(),
                jwtProperties.getUserTtl(),
                claims);
        UserDTO userDTO = new UserDTO();
        userDTO.setToken(token);
        log.info("生成的token是：{}",token);
        return Result.success(userDTO);
    }
}

前端登錄頁面以及ajax的測試用例：

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>歡迎登錄公司員工考勤管理平臺</title>
    <link rel="shortcut icon" th:href="@{/images/icon.svg}" rel="external nofollow" >
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" th:href="@{/css/bootstrap.css}" rel="external nofollow" >
    <script th:src="@{/js/jquery-3.2.1.js}"></script>
    <script th:src="@{/js/token.js}"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript">
        $(function () {
            let token=null;
            //登錄按鈕
            $("#login").click(function () {
                let email=$('#email').val();
                let password=$('#password').val();
                $.ajax({
                    type:"post",
                    url:"/login/userlogin",
                    contentType:"application/json",
                    data:JSON.stringify({"email":email,"password":password}),
                    success:function (result) {
                        if (result.code===1){
                             token=result.data.token;
                            alert("登錄成功");
                        //    收到Token，開始存儲token
                            localStorage.setItem('token',token);
                            alert("token值為:"+token+"!");
                            //返回Token給后端
                            //返回后端
                            location.href="/main" rel="external nofollow" ;//也會經(jīng)過攔截器
                        }else {
                            alert(result.msg);
                        }
                    }
                });
            });

         $("#registry").click(function () {
             location.href="/registry" rel="external nofollow" 
         })
        })
    </script>
</head>
<body style="position: absolute;
  top: 20%;
  left: 38%;
  transform: translate(40%,40%);
  margin: 0;padding: 0">
<div>
    <h2>登錄頁面</h2>
</div>
<div>
    <label for="email"></label><input type="text" id="email" name="email" placeholder="E-mail address">
</div>
<div>
    <label for="password"></label><input type="password" id="password" name="password" placeholder="Password"/>
</div>
<button id="login">登錄</button>
<button id="registry">注冊</button>
</body>
</html>