springboot+vue前后端分離項目中使用jwt實現(xiàn)登錄認證

更新時間：2024年10月09日 10:48:23 作者：登山人在路上

本文介紹了如何在SpringBoot+Vue前后端分離的項目中使用JWT實現(xiàn)登錄認證,內(nèi)容包括后端的響應(yīng)工具類、JWT工具類、登錄用戶實體類、登錄接口、測試接口、過濾器、啟動類以及前端的登錄頁面實現(xiàn),感興趣的可以了解一下

一、后端代碼

1.響應(yīng)工具類

package com.etime.util;

import com.etime.vo.ResponseModel;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

/**
 * @Date 2024/6/10 10:00
 * @Author liukang
 **/
public class ResponseUtil {
    public static void write(ResponseModel rm, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {
        // 構(gòu)造響應(yīng)頭
        response.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE);
        response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        // 解決跨域問題 設(shè)置跨域頭
        response.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Origin","*");
        // 輸出流
        PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
        // 輸出
        out.write(new ObjectMapper().writeValueAsString(rm));
        // 關(guān)閉流
        out.close();
    }
}

2.jwt工具類

package com.etime.util;

import io.jsonwebtoken.*;

import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.UUID;

/**
 * @Date 2024/6/10 10:04
 * @Author liukang
 **/
public class JwtUtil {
    private static String secret = "secret";

    /**
     * 創(chuàng)建jwt
     * @author liukang
     * @date 10:36 2024/6/10
     * @param expire
     * @param map
     * @return java.lang.String
     **/
    public static String generateToken(long expire, Map map){
        // 床jwt構(gòu)造器
        JwtBuilder jwtBuilder = Jwts.builder();
        // 生成jwt字符串
        String jwt = jwtBuilder
                //頭部
                .setHeaderParam("typ","JWT")
                .setHeaderParam("alg","HS256")
                // 載荷
                .setClaims(map) // 設(shè)置多個自定義數(shù)據(jù)  位置只能放在前面，如果放在后面，那前面的載荷會失效
                .setId(UUID.randomUUID().toString())// 唯一標識
                .setIssuer("liukang")// 簽發(fā)人
                .setIssuedAt(new Date())// 簽發(fā)時間
                .setSubject("jwtDemo")// 主題
                .setExpiration(new Date(System.currentTimeMillis()+expire))//過期時間
                // 簽名
                .signWith(SignatureAlgorithm.HS256,secret)
                .compact();
        return jwt;
    }
    /**
     * 創(chuàng)建jwt
     * @author liukang
     * @date 10:36 2024/6/10
     * @param expire
     * @return java.lang.String
     **/
    public static String generateToken(long expire){
        // 床jwt構(gòu)造器
        JwtBuilder jwtBuilder = Jwts.builder();
        // 生成jwt字符串
        String jwt = jwtBuilder
                //頭部
                .setHeaderParam("typ","JWT")
                .setHeaderParam("alg","HS256")
                // 載荷
                .setId(UUID.randomUUID().toString())// 唯一標識
                .setIssuer("liukang")// 簽發(fā)人
                .setIssuedAt(new Date())// 簽發(fā)時間
                .setSubject("jwtDemo")// 主題
                .setExpiration(new Date(System.currentTimeMillis()+expire))//過期時間
                // 簽名
                .signWith(SignatureAlgorithm.HS256,secret)
                .compact();
        return jwt;
    }
    /**
     * 解析jwt
     * @author liukang
     * @date 10:36 2024/6/10
     * @param jwt
     * @return io.jsonwebtoken.Claims
     **/
    public static Claims parseToken(String jwt){
        Jws<Claims> claimsJws = Jwts.parser().setSigningKey(secret).parseClaimsJws(jwt);
        Claims playload = claimsJws.getBody();
        return playload;

    }
}

3.登錄用戶實體類

package com.etime.entity;

import lombok.Data;

/**
 * @Date 2024/6/10 10:39
 * @Author liukang
 **/
@Data
public class User {
    private String username;
    private String password;
}

4.登錄接口

package com.etime.controller;

import com.etime.entity.User;
import com.etime.util.JwtUtil;
import com.etime.vo.ResponseModel;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

/**
 * @Date 2024/6/10 10:38
 * @Author liukang
 **/
@RestController
@CrossOrigin
public class LoginController {
    @PostMapping("/login")
    public ResponseModel login(@RequestBody User user){
        Integer code = 200;
        String msg = "success";
        String token = null;
        if(user.getUsername().equals("admin")&&user.getPassword().equals("123")){
            // 生成jwt
            token = JwtUtil.generateToken(1000*10);// 設(shè)置有效期為10s
        }else {
            code = 500;
            msg = "failure";
        }
        return new ResponseModel(code,msg,token);
    }


}

5.測試接口

package com.etime.controller;

import com.etime.vo.ResponseModel;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.CrossOrigin;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

/**
 * @Date 2024/6/10 12:51
 * @Author liukang
 **/
@CrossOrigin
@RestController
public class TestController {
    @PostMapping("/test")
    public ResponseModel test() {
        return new ResponseModel(200,"success","測試請求接口成功!");
    }

}

6.過濾器

package com.etime.filter;

import com.etime.util.JwtUtil;
import com.etime.util.ResponseUtil;
import com.etime.vo.ResponseModel;
import com.sun.deploy.net.HttpResponse;
import org.springframework.http.HttpMethod;
import org.springframework.http.HttpRequest;
import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;

import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebFilter;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * @Description jwt過濾器
 * @Date 2024/6/10 9:46
 * @Author liukang
 **/
@WebFilter(urlPatterns = "/*") // 過濾所有路徑
public class JwtFilter implements Filter {
    @Override
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {
        // 得到兩個對象
        HttpServletRequest request =  (HttpServletRequest) servletRequest;
        HttpServletResponse response =  (HttpServletResponse) servletResponse;
        //直接放行
        if(HttpMethod.OPTIONS.toString().equals(request.getMethod())){
            filterChain.doFilter(request,response);
            return;
        }
        String requestURI = request.getRequestURI(); // 不含主機和端口號
        if(requestURI.contains("/login")){
            filterChain.doFilter(request,response);
            return;
        }
        // 得到請求頭的信息（accessToken）
        String token = request.getHeader("accessToken");
        if(!StringUtils.hasText(token)){
            //響應(yīng)前端錯誤的消息提示
            ResponseModel responseModel = new ResponseModel(500,"failure","令牌缺失！");
            ResponseUtil.write(responseModel,response);
            return;
        }
        // 解析Token信息
        try {
            JwtUtil.parseToken(token);
        }catch (Exception e){
            //響應(yīng)前端錯誤的消息提示
            ResponseModel responseModel = new ResponseModel(401,"failure","令牌過期！");
            ResponseUtil.write(responseModel,response);
            return;
        }
        filterChain.doFilter(request,response);


    }
}

7.啟動類

package com.etime;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.ServletComponentScan;

/**
 * @Author liukang
 * @Date 2022/7/4 11:32
 */
@SpringBootApplication
@ServletComponentScan(basePackages = "com.etime.filter")// 這個包下激活WebFilter這個注解
public class Application {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(Application.class);
    }
}

二、前端代碼

登錄頁

<template>
    <div class="hello">
      <form>
        用戶名：<input v-model="username"/>
        <br>
        密碼<input v-model="password" />
        <br>
        <button @click="login">登錄</button>
      </form>

    </div>
  </template>

  <script>


  export default {
    data () {
      return {
        username:'',
        password:'',

      }
    },
    methods:{
        login(){
          this.axios.post('http://localhost:8088/login',{

            username:this.username,
            password:this.password,

          }).then(response => {
              console.log(response.data);
              if(response.data.code==200){
                sessionStorage.setItem("accessToken",response.data.token)
                this.$router.push({ path: 'index'});
              }
            }).catch(error => {
              console.error(error);
            });

        }
    },
  }
  </script>

  <style scoped>

  </style>

index 頁面

<template>
    <div>
        <button @click="test">請求受保護的接口</button>
    </div>
  </template>

  <script>
  export default {
    data () {
      return {
      }
    },
    methods:{
      test(){
        const accessToken = sessionStorage.getItem('accessToken')
        let token = null
        if(accessToken){
          token = accessToken
        }
        console.log(token)
        this.axios.post('http://localhost:8088/test',{},{headers:{accessToken:token}
        }).then(response => {
          // if(response.data.code==200){
            console.log(response.data);
          // }
        }).catch(error => {
          console.error(error);
        });
      },
    
    },
  }
  </script>

  <style scoped>

  </style>