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Gitlab新建用戶無法收到郵件的問題解決辦法

更新時間：2024年11月08日 08:38:31 作者：AlbertS

在配置GitLab郵件服務(wù)時,可能因為環(huán)境或版本差異遇到問題,本文就來介紹一下Gitlab新建用戶無法收到郵件的問題解決辦法,感興趣的可以了解一下

前言

這個問題網(wǎng)上解決的帖子很多，根本原因就是配置錯誤，修改好配置就可以了，我也沒有其他的更加新奇的解決辦法，之所以再總結(jié)一遍只是為了自己統(tǒng)一查找方便，同時把一些差異點記錄一下，因為版本和運行環(huán)境的不同，可能跟網(wǎng)上的解決方案有一點點差異，先寫答案再聊不同吧。

解決方案

開啟企業(yè)微信郵箱（QQ郵箱、163郵箱亦可）的POP3/SMTP服務(wù)，獲取授權(quán)碼
修改gitlab的配置文件 /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb 如下

gitlab_rails['smtp_enable'] = true
gitlab_rails['smtp_address'] = "smtp.exmail.qq.com"
gitlab_rails['smtp_port'] = 465
gitlab_rails['smtp_user_name'] = "gitlab@gameup.com"
gitlab_rails['smtp_password'] = "授權(quán)碼"
gitlab_rails['smtp_domain'] = "exmail.qq.com"
gitlab_rails['smtp_authentication'] = "login"
gitlab_rails['smtp_enable_starttls_auto'] = false
gitlab_rails['smtp_tls'] = true

gitlab_rails['gitlab_email_enabled'] = true
gitlab_rails['gitlab_email_from'] = 'gitlab@gameup.com'
gitlab_rails['gitlab_email_display_name'] = 'Gitlab'

重新加載配置生效 gitlab-ctl reconfigure，等待執(zhí)行完成
利用gitlab測試配置是否成功

執(zhí)行 gitlab-rails console進入控制臺，我的機器性能較差，多等一會看到命令提示符
輸入后面面的命令 Notify.test_email('收件人郵箱', '郵件標(biāo)題', '正文').deliver_now 發(fā)送一封測試郵件
若成功過則收到測試郵件，失敗則會在控制臺顯示錯誤消息，根據(jù)錯誤信息檢查和修改配置即可

遇到的錯誤

我修改配置的旅程也不是一帆風(fēng)順的，期間也遇到的了幾個錯誤，都是在 Notify.test_email 測試之后發(fā)現(xiàn)有問題，逐步修改的

域名解析問題

Notify.test_email('shz@gamegu.com', 'Test Email', 'This is a test email from GitLab').deliver_now
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Ruby:         ruby 3.2.5 (2024-07-26 revision 31d0f1a2e7) [x86_64-linux]
 GitLab:       17.5.1 (e8dca573167) FOSS
 GitLab Shell: 14.39.0
 PostgreSQL:   14.11
------------------------------------------------------------[ booted in 61.07s ]
Loading production environment (Rails 7.0.8.4)
Delivered mail 67248a5c847e9_6f32fe445660@gitlab.gamegu.com.mail (20023.7ms)
/opt/gitlab/embedded/lib/ruby/3.2.0/socket.rb:231:in getaddrinfo': getaddrinfo: Temporary failure in name resolution (SocketError)
        from /opt/gitlab/embedded/lib/ruby/3.2.0/socket.rb:231:in foreach'
        from /opt/gitlab/embedded/lib/ruby/3.2.0/socket.rb:635:in tcp'
        from /opt/gitlab/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/net-smtp-0.3.3/lib/net/smtp.rb:643:in tcp_socket'
        from /opt/gitlab/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/net-smtp-0.3.3/lib/net/smtp.rb:656:in do_start'
        from /opt/gitlab/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/net-smtp-0.3.3/lib/net/smtp.rb:611:in start'
        from /opt/gitlab/embedded/service/gitlab-rails/config/initializers/mail_starttls_patch.rb:53:in start_smtp_session'
        from /opt/gitlab/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/mail-2.8.1/lib/mail/network/delivery_methods/smtp.rb:100:in deliver!'
        from /opt/gitlab/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/mail-2.8.1/lib/mail/message.rb:2145:in do_delivery'
        from /opt/gitlab/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/mail-2.8.1/lib/mail/message.rb:253:in block in deliver'
        from /opt/gitlab/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/actionmailer-7.0.8.4/lib/action_mailer/base.rb:588:in block in deliver_mail'
        from /opt/gitlab/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/activesupport-7.0.8.4/lib/active_support/notifications.rb:206:in block in instrument'
        from /opt/gitlab/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/activesupport-7.0.8.4/lib/active_support/notifications/instrumenter.rb:24:in instrument'
        from /opt/gitlab/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/activesupport-7.0.8.4/lib/active_support/notifications.rb:206:in instrument'
        from /opt/gitlab/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/actionmailer-7.0.8.4/lib/action_mailer/base.rb:586:in deliver_mail'
        from /opt/gitlab/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/mail-2.8.1/lib/mail/message.rb:253:in deliver'
        from /opt/gitlab/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/actionmailer-7.0.8.4/lib/action_mailer/message_delivery.rb:119:in block in deliver_now'
        ... 15 levels...
irb(main):002:0>

解決辦法

修改 /etc/resolv.conf 來指定自己服務(wù)器的DNS，通用的可以使用 nameserver 8.8.8.8

郵箱認證問題

/opt/gitlab/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/net-smtp-0.3.3/lib/net/smtp.rb:1076:in check_response': 501 mail from address must be same as authorization user (Net::SMTPSyntaxError)
        from /opt/gitlab/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/net-smtp-0.3.3/lib/net/smtp.rb:1044:in getok'
        from /opt/gitlab/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/net-smtp-0.3.3/lib/net/smtp.rb:945:in mailfrom'
        from /opt/gitlab/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/net-smtp-0.3.3/lib/net/smtp.rb:767:in send_message'
        from /opt/gitlab/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/mail-2.8.1/lib/mail/network/delivery_methods/smtp_connection.rb:53:in deliver!'
        from /opt/gitlab/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/mail-2.8.1/lib/mail/network/delivery_methods/smtp.rb:101:in block in deliver!'
        from /opt/gitlab/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/net-smtp-0.3.3/lib/net/smtp.rb:612:in start'
        from /opt/gitlab/embedded/service/gitlab-rails/config/initializers/mail_starttls_patch.rb:53:in start_smtp_session'
        from /opt/gitlab/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/mail-2.8.1/lib/mail/network/delivery_methods/smtp.rb:100:in deliver!'
        from /opt/gitlab/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/mail-2.8.1/lib/mail/message.rb:2145:in do_delivery'
        from /opt/gitlab/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/mail-2.8.1/lib/mail/message.rb:253:in block in deliver'
        from /opt/gitlab/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/actionmailer-7.0.8.4/lib/action_mailer/base.rb:588:in block in deliver_mail'
        from /opt/gitlab/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/activesupport-7.0.8.4/lib/active_support/notifications.rb:206:in block in instrument'
        from /opt/gitlab/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/activesupport-7.0.8.4/lib/active_support/notifications/instrumenter.rb:24:in instrument'
        from /opt/gitlab/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/activesupport-7.0.8.4/lib/active_support/notifications.rb:206:in instrument'
        from /opt/gitlab/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/actionmailer-7.0.8.4/lib/action_mailer/base.rb:586:in deliver_mail'
        from /opt/gitlab/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/mail-2.8.1/lib/mail/message.rb:253:in deliver'
        ... 16 levels...

解決方案

smtp 配置中應(yīng)該填寫正確的郵箱和授權(quán)碼，同時 /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb 中設(shè)置 gitlab_rails['gitlab_email_from'] 與 gitlab_rails['smtp_user_name'] 一致

端口配置互斥

gitlab_rails['smtp_tls'] and gitlab_rails['smtp_enable_starttls_auto'] are mutually exclusive. Set one of them to false. SMTP providers usually use port 465 for TLS and port 587 for STARTTLS.

解決方案

這個錯誤表明在 GitLab 的配置文件中同時啟用了 smtp_tls 和 smtp_enable_starttls_auto 選項，但它們是互斥的，只能選擇其中一個設(shè)置為 true，如果使用 TLS（通常是端口 465）僅將 smtp_tls 選項設(shè)置為 true，如果使用 STARTTLS（通常是端口 587）只能將 smtp_enable_starttls_auto 設(shè)置為true。

關(guān)于gitlab的參數(shù)，有一個external_url 表示gitlab的訪問域名，可以配置為 external_url 'http://gitlab.gameup.com'，而這個域名也可以在定義容器時通過 --hostname 指定

運行環(huán)境

我的Gitlab不是在服務(wù)器上直接安裝的，而是通過Docker安裝的gitlab鏡像，服務(wù)器是CentOS7系統(tǒng)，gitlab組件相關(guān)版本如下：

Components

GitLab v17.5.1
GitLab Shell 14.39.0
GitLab Workhorse v17.5.1
GitLab API v4
GitLab KAS 17.5.1
Ruby 3.2.5p208
Rails 7.0.8.4
PostgreSQL (main) 14.11
PostgreSQL (ci) 14.11
Redis 7.0.15

正因為我是通過Dokcer安裝的，所以上面的很多命令需要到容器中執(zhí)行，也就是得先執(zhí)行 docker exec -it gitlab /bin/bash

而通過Docker安裝gitlab的命令也列舉一下：

docker run --detach \
  --hostname gitlab.gameup.com \
  --publish 443:443 --publish 80:80 --publish 22:22 \
  --name gitlab \
  --restart always \
  --volume /export/docker/gitlab/config:/etc/gitlab \
  --volume /export/docker/gitlab/logs:/var/log/gitlab \
  --volume /export/docker/gitlab/data:/var/opt/gitlab \
  registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/z5z/gitlab-ce:latest

不要問我這個鏡像名字為什么這樣古怪，那么因為DockerHub鏡像在當(dāng)前的網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境下實在難以下載，不得不借助Github的Actions和阿里云的鏡像完成中轉(zhuǎn)，可以利用這個開源項目進行中轉(zhuǎn)

docker安裝

上面說了鏡像難裝，實際上現(xiàn)在連Docker的安裝也需要費點勁，我曾經(jīng)在AWS上安裝過一些Docker鏡像，那絲滑的程度真的跟教科書寫的一模一樣，但是在我目前所處的網(wǎng)絡(luò)注定要一波三折了，CentOS7的系統(tǒng)可以按照下面的步驟操作了。

# 備份源
mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.bak
# yum使用阿里云
curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
sudo yum makecache

# 安裝必要的一些系統(tǒng)工具
sudo yum install -y wget yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
# 添加軟件源信息
sudo yum-config-manager --add-repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
# 修改源
sudo sed -i 's+download.docker.com+mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce+' /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo

# 更新并安裝Docker-CE
sudo yum makecache fast
sudo yum -y install docker-ce
# 開啟Docker服務(wù)
sudo systemctl start docker