SpringBoot使用TraceId進行日志鏈路追蹤的實現(xiàn)步驟
項目場景:
有時候一個業(yè)務(wù)調(diào)用鏈場景,很長,調(diào)了各種各樣的方法,看日志的時候,各個接口的日志穿插,確實讓人頭大。為了解決這個痛點,就使用了TraceId,根據(jù)TraceId關(guān)鍵字進入服務(wù)器查詢?nèi)罩局惺欠裼羞@個TraceId,這樣就把同一次的業(yè)務(wù)調(diào)用鏈上的日志串起來了。
實現(xiàn)步驟
1、pom.xml 依賴
<dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-logging</artifactId> </dependency> <!--lombok配置--> <dependency> <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId> <artifactId>lombok</artifactId> <version>1.16.10</version> </dependency> </dependencies>
2、整合logback,打印日志,logback-spring.xml (簡單配置下)
關(guān)鍵代碼:[traceId:%X{traceId}],traceId是通過攔截器里MDC.put(traceId, tid)添加
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <configuration debug="false"> <!--日志存儲路徑--> <property name="log" value="D:/test/log" /> <!-- 控制臺輸出 --> <appender name="console" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender"> <encoder class="ch.qos.logback.classic.encoder.PatternLayoutEncoder"> <!--輸出格式化--> <pattern>[traceId:%X{traceId}] %d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] %-5level %logger{50} - %msg%n</pattern> </encoder> </appender> <!-- 按天生成日志文件 --> <appender name="file" class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender"> <rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy"> <!--日志文件名--> <FileNamePattern>${log}/%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.log</FileNamePattern> <!--保留天數(shù)--> <MaxHistory>30</MaxHistory> </rollingPolicy> <encoder class="ch.qos.logback.classic.encoder.PatternLayoutEncoder"> <pattern>[traceId:%X{traceId}] %d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] %-5level %logger{50} - %msg%n</pattern> </encoder> <!--日志文件最大的大小--> <triggeringPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.SizeBasedTriggeringPolicy"> <MaxFileSize>10MB</MaxFileSize> </triggeringPolicy> </appender> <!-- 日志輸出級別 --> <root level="INFO"> <appender-ref ref="console" /> <appender-ref ref="file" /> </root> </configuration>
3、application.yml
server: port: 8826 logging: config: classpath:logback-spring.xml
4、自定義日志攔截器 LogInterceptor.java
用途:每一次鏈路,線程維度,添加最終的鏈路ID traceId。
MDC(Mapped Diagnostic Context)診斷上下文映射,是@Slf4j提供的一個支持動態(tài)打印日志信息的工具。
import org.slf4j.MDC; import org.springframework.lang.Nullable; import org.springframework.util.StringUtils; import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import java.util.UUID; /** * 日志攔截器 */ public class LogInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor { private static final String traceId = "traceId"; @Override public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) { String tid = UUID.randomUUID().toString().replace("-", ""); //可以考慮讓客戶端傳入鏈路ID,但需保證一定的復(fù)雜度唯一性;如果沒使用默認UUID自動生成 if (!StringUtils.isEmpty(request.getHeader("traceId"))){ tid=request.getHeader("traceId"); } MDC.put(traceId, tid); return true; } @Override public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, @Nullable Exception ex) { // 請求處理完成后,清除MDC中的traceId,以免造成內(nèi)存泄漏 MDC.remove(traceId); } }
5、WebConfigurerAdapter.java 添加攔截器
ps: 其實這個攔截的部分改為使用自定義注解+aop也是很靈活的。
import javax.annotation.Resource; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.InterceptorRegistry; import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurationSupport; @Configuration public class WebConfigurerAdapter extends WebMvcConfigurationSupport { @Resource private LogInterceptor logInterceptor; @Override public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) { registry.addInterceptor(logInterceptor); //可以具體制定哪些需要攔截,哪些不攔截,其實也可以使用自定義注解更靈活完成 // .addPathPatterns("/**") // .excludePathPatterns("/testxx.html"); } }
6、測試接口
import io.swagger.annotations.Api; import io.swagger.annotations.ApiOperation; import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; import javax.annotation.Resource; @RestController @Api(tags = "測試接口") @RequestMapping("/test") @Slf4j public class TestController { @RequestMapping(value = "/log", method = RequestMethod.GET) @ApiOperation(value = "測試日志") public String sign() { log.info("這是一行info日志"); log.error("這是一行error日志"); return "success"; } }
結(jié)果:
異步場景:
使用線程的場景,寫一個異步線程,加入這個調(diào)用里面。再次執(zhí)行看開效果,我們會發(fā)現(xiàn)顯然子線程丟失了trackId。
所以我們需要針對子線程使用情形,做調(diào)整,思路:將父線程的trackId傳遞下去給子線程即可。
1、ThreadMdcUtil.java
import org.slf4j.MDC; import java.util.Map; import java.util.UUID; import java.util.concurrent.Callable; /** * @Author: JCccc * @Date: 2022-5-30 11:14 * @Description: */ public final class ThreadMdcUtil { private static final String TRACE_ID = "TRACE_ID"; // 獲取唯一性標識 public static String generateTraceId() { return UUID.randomUUID().toString(); } public static void setTraceIdIfAbsent() { if (MDC.get(TRACE_ID) == null) { MDC.put(TRACE_ID, generateTraceId()); } } /** * 用于父線程向線程池中提交任務(wù)時,將自身MDC中的數(shù)據(jù)復(fù)制給子線程 * * @param callable * @param context * @param <T> * @return */ public static <T> Callable<T> wrap(final Callable<T> callable, final Map<String, String> context) { return () -> { if (context == null) { MDC.clear(); } else { MDC.setContextMap(context); } setTraceIdIfAbsent(); try { return callable.call(); } finally { MDC.clear(); } }; } /** * 用于父線程向線程池中提交任務(wù)時,將自身MDC中的數(shù)據(jù)復(fù)制給子線程 * * @param runnable * @param context * @return */ public static Runnable wrap(final Runnable runnable, final Map<String, String> context) { return () -> { if (context == null) { MDC.clear(); } else { MDC.setContextMap(context); } setTraceIdIfAbsent(); try { runnable.run(); } finally { MDC.clear(); } }; } }
2、MyThreadPoolTaskExecutor.java 是我們自己寫的,重寫了一些方法
import org.slf4j.MDC; import org.springframework.scheduling.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor; import java.util.concurrent.Callable; import java.util.concurrent.Future; public final class MyThreadPoolTaskExecutor extends ThreadPoolTaskExecutor { public MyThreadPoolTaskExecutor() { super(); } @Override public void execute(Runnable task) { super.execute(ThreadMdcUtil.wrap(task, MDC.getCopyOfContextMap())); } @Override public <T> Future<T> submit(Callable<T> task) { return super.submit(ThreadMdcUtil.wrap(task, MDC.getCopyOfContextMap())); } @Override public Future<?> submit(Runnable task) { return super.submit(ThreadMdcUtil.wrap(task, MDC.getCopyOfContextMap())); } }
3、ThreadPoolConfig.java 定義線程池,交給spring管理
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableAsync; import java.util.concurrent.Executor; @EnableAsync @Configuration public class ThreadPoolConfig { /** * 聲明一個線程池 */ @Bean("taskExecutor") public Executor taskExecutor() { MyThreadPoolTaskExecutor executor = new MyThreadPoolTaskExecutor(); //核心線程數(shù)5:線程池創(chuàng)建時候初始化的線程數(shù) executor.setCorePoolSize(5); //最大線程數(shù)5:線程池最大的線程數(shù),只有在緩沖隊列滿了之后才會申請超過核心線程數(shù)的線程 executor.setMaxPoolSize(5); //緩沖隊列500:用來緩沖執(zhí)行任務(wù)的隊列 executor.setQueueCapacity(500); //允許線程的空閑時間60秒:當超過了核心線程出之外的線程在空閑時間到達之后會被銷毀 executor.setKeepAliveSeconds(60); //線程池名的前綴:設(shè)置好了之后可以方便我們定位處理任務(wù)所在的線程池 executor.setThreadNamePrefix("taskExecutor-"); executor.initialize(); return executor; } }
4、Service
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Async; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; /** * 測試Service */ @Service("testService") @Slf4j public class TestService { /** * 異步操作測試 */ @Async("taskExecutor") public void asyncTest() { try { log.info("模擬異步開始......"); Thread.sleep(3000); log.info("模擬異步結(jié)束......"); } catch (InterruptedException e) { log.error("異步操作出錯:"+e); } } }
5、測試接口
import io.swagger.annotations.Api; import io.swagger.annotations.ApiOperation; import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; import javax.annotation.Resource; @RestController @Api(tags = "測試接口") @RequestMapping("/test") @Slf4j public class TestController { @Resource private TestService testService; @RequestMapping(value = "/log", method = RequestMethod.GET) @ApiOperation(value = "測試日志") public String sign() { log.info("這是一行info日志"); log.error("這是一行error日志"); //異步操作測試 testService.asyncTest(); return "success"; } }
我們可以看到,子線程的日志也被串起來了。
總結(jié):
服務(wù)啟動的時候traceId是空的,這是正常的,因為還沒到攔截器這一層。
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