SpringBoot使用TraceId進行日志鏈路追蹤的實現(xiàn)步驟
項目場景:
有時候一個業(yè)務調用鏈場景,很長,調了各種各樣的方法,看日志的時候,各個接口的日志穿插,確實讓人頭大。為了解決這個痛點,就使用了TraceId,根據(jù)TraceId關鍵字進入服務器查詢日志中是否有這個TraceId,這樣就把同一次的業(yè)務調用鏈上的日志串起來了。
實現(xiàn)步驟
1、pom.xml 依賴
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-logging</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--lombok配置-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<version>1.16.10</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>2、整合logback,打印日志,logback-spring.xml (簡單配置下)
關鍵代碼:[traceId:%X{traceId}],traceId是通過攔截器里MDC.put(traceId, tid)添加
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<configuration debug="false">
<!--日志存儲路徑-->
<property name="log" value="D:/test/log" />
<!-- 控制臺輸出 -->
<appender name="console" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
<encoder class="ch.qos.logback.classic.encoder.PatternLayoutEncoder">
<!--輸出格式化-->
<pattern>[traceId:%X{traceId}] %d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] %-5level %logger{50} - %msg%n</pattern>
</encoder>
</appender>
<!-- 按天生成日志文件 -->
<appender name="file" class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">
<rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy">
<!--日志文件名-->
<FileNamePattern>${log}/%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.log</FileNamePattern>
<!--保留天數(shù)-->
<MaxHistory>30</MaxHistory>
</rollingPolicy>
<encoder class="ch.qos.logback.classic.encoder.PatternLayoutEncoder">
<pattern>[traceId:%X{traceId}] %d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] %-5level %logger{50} - %msg%n</pattern>
</encoder>
<!--日志文件最大的大小-->
<triggeringPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.SizeBasedTriggeringPolicy">
<MaxFileSize>10MB</MaxFileSize>
</triggeringPolicy>
</appender>
<!-- 日志輸出級別 -->
<root level="INFO">
<appender-ref ref="console" />
<appender-ref ref="file" />
</root>
</configuration>3、application.yml
server: port: 8826 logging: config: classpath:logback-spring.xml
4、自定義日志攔截器 LogInterceptor.java
用途:每一次鏈路,線程維度,添加最終的鏈路ID traceId。
MDC(Mapped Diagnostic Context)診斷上下文映射,是@Slf4j提供的一個支持動態(tài)打印日志信息的工具。
import org.slf4j.MDC;
import org.springframework.lang.Nullable;
import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.util.UUID;
/**
* 日志攔截器
*/
public class LogInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
private static final String traceId = "traceId";
@Override
public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) {
String tid = UUID.randomUUID().toString().replace("-", "");
//可以考慮讓客戶端傳入鏈路ID,但需保證一定的復雜度唯一性;如果沒使用默認UUID自動生成
if (!StringUtils.isEmpty(request.getHeader("traceId"))){
tid=request.getHeader("traceId");
}
MDC.put(traceId, tid);
return true;
}
@Override
public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler,
@Nullable Exception ex) {
// 請求處理完成后,清除MDC中的traceId,以免造成內存泄漏
MDC.remove(traceId);
}
}5、WebConfigurerAdapter.java 添加攔截器
ps: 其實這個攔截的部分改為使用自定義注解+aop也是很靈活的。
import javax.annotation.Resource;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.InterceptorRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurationSupport;
@Configuration
public class WebConfigurerAdapter extends WebMvcConfigurationSupport {
@Resource
private LogInterceptor logInterceptor;
@Override
public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
registry.addInterceptor(logInterceptor);
//可以具體制定哪些需要攔截,哪些不攔截,其實也可以使用自定義注解更靈活完成
// .addPathPatterns("/**")
// .excludePathPatterns("/testxx.html");
}
}6、測試接口
import io.swagger.annotations.Api;
import io.swagger.annotations.ApiOperation;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
@RestController
@Api(tags = "測試接口")
@RequestMapping("/test")
@Slf4j
public class TestController {
@RequestMapping(value = "/log", method = RequestMethod.GET)
@ApiOperation(value = "測試日志")
public String sign() {
log.info("這是一行info日志");
log.error("這是一行error日志");
return "success";
}
}結果:

異步場景:
使用線程的場景,寫一個異步線程,加入這個調用里面。再次執(zhí)行看開效果,我們會發(fā)現(xiàn)顯然子線程丟失了trackId。
所以我們需要針對子線程使用情形,做調整,思路:將父線程的trackId傳遞下去給子線程即可。

1、ThreadMdcUtil.java
import org.slf4j.MDC;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.UUID;
import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
/**
* @Author: JCccc
* @Date: 2022-5-30 11:14
* @Description:
*/
public final class ThreadMdcUtil {
private static final String TRACE_ID = "TRACE_ID";
// 獲取唯一性標識
public static String generateTraceId() {
return UUID.randomUUID().toString();
}
public static void setTraceIdIfAbsent() {
if (MDC.get(TRACE_ID) == null) {
MDC.put(TRACE_ID, generateTraceId());
}
}
/**
* 用于父線程向線程池中提交任務時,將自身MDC中的數(shù)據(jù)復制給子線程
*
* @param callable
* @param context
* @param <T>
* @return
*/
public static <T> Callable<T> wrap(final Callable<T> callable, final Map<String, String> context) {
return () -> {
if (context == null) {
MDC.clear();
} else {
MDC.setContextMap(context);
}
setTraceIdIfAbsent();
try {
return callable.call();
} finally {
MDC.clear();
}
};
}
/**
* 用于父線程向線程池中提交任務時,將自身MDC中的數(shù)據(jù)復制給子線程
*
* @param runnable
* @param context
* @return
*/
public static Runnable wrap(final Runnable runnable, final Map<String, String> context) {
return () -> {
if (context == null) {
MDC.clear();
} else {
MDC.setContextMap(context);
}
setTraceIdIfAbsent();
try {
runnable.run();
} finally {
MDC.clear();
}
};
}
}2、MyThreadPoolTaskExecutor.java 是我們自己寫的,重寫了一些方法
import org.slf4j.MDC;
import org.springframework.scheduling.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor;
import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
import java.util.concurrent.Future;
public final class MyThreadPoolTaskExecutor extends ThreadPoolTaskExecutor {
public MyThreadPoolTaskExecutor() {
super();
}
@Override
public void execute(Runnable task) {
super.execute(ThreadMdcUtil.wrap(task, MDC.getCopyOfContextMap()));
}
@Override
public <T> Future<T> submit(Callable<T> task) {
return super.submit(ThreadMdcUtil.wrap(task, MDC.getCopyOfContextMap()));
}
@Override
public Future<?> submit(Runnable task) {
return super.submit(ThreadMdcUtil.wrap(task, MDC.getCopyOfContextMap()));
}
}3、ThreadPoolConfig.java 定義線程池,交給spring管理
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableAsync;
import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
@EnableAsync
@Configuration
public class ThreadPoolConfig {
/**
* 聲明一個線程池
*/
@Bean("taskExecutor")
public Executor taskExecutor() {
MyThreadPoolTaskExecutor executor = new MyThreadPoolTaskExecutor();
//核心線程數(shù)5:線程池創(chuàng)建時候初始化的線程數(shù)
executor.setCorePoolSize(5);
//最大線程數(shù)5:線程池最大的線程數(shù),只有在緩沖隊列滿了之后才會申請超過核心線程數(shù)的線程
executor.setMaxPoolSize(5);
//緩沖隊列500:用來緩沖執(zhí)行任務的隊列
executor.setQueueCapacity(500);
//允許線程的空閑時間60秒:當超過了核心線程出之外的線程在空閑時間到達之后會被銷毀
executor.setKeepAliveSeconds(60);
//線程池名的前綴:設置好了之后可以方便我們定位處理任務所在的線程池
executor.setThreadNamePrefix("taskExecutor-");
executor.initialize();
return executor;
}
}4、Service
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Async;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
/**
* 測試Service
*/
@Service("testService")
@Slf4j
public class TestService {
/**
* 異步操作測試
*/
@Async("taskExecutor")
public void asyncTest() {
try {
log.info("模擬異步開始......");
Thread.sleep(3000);
log.info("模擬異步結束......");
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
log.error("異步操作出錯:"+e);
}
}
}5、測試接口
import io.swagger.annotations.Api;
import io.swagger.annotations.ApiOperation;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
@RestController
@Api(tags = "測試接口")
@RequestMapping("/test")
@Slf4j
public class TestController {
@Resource
private TestService testService;
@RequestMapping(value = "/log", method = RequestMethod.GET)
@ApiOperation(value = "測試日志")
public String sign() {
log.info("這是一行info日志");
log.error("這是一行error日志");
//異步操作測試
testService.asyncTest();
return "success";
}
}
我們可以看到,子線程的日志也被串起來了。
總結:
服務啟動的時候traceId是空的,這是正常的,因為還沒到攔截器這一層。
以上就是SpringBoot使用TraceId進行日志鏈路追蹤的實現(xiàn)步驟的詳細內容,更多關于SpringBoot TraceId日志鏈路追蹤的資料請關注腳本之家其它相關文章!
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