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C#實(shí)現(xiàn)串口通信詳解

更新時(shí)間：2024年12月02日 08:26:49 作者：小碼編匠

串口通信（Serial Communications）是指外設(shè)和計(jì)算機(jī)間通過數(shù)據(jù)信號(hào)線、地線等按位（bit）進(jìn)行傳輸數(shù)據(jù)的一種通信方式,屬于串行通信方式,能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)遠(yuǎn)距離通信,本文給大家介紹了C#串口通信總結(jié),需要的朋友可以參考下

前言

我們知道對(duì)于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)DLL,可以采用DllImport進(jìn)行調(diào)用。

例如：

[DllImport("KMY350X.dll")]
private static extern int OpenPort(int PortNum, int BaudRate);

如果一些廠家比較懶的話，沒有提供相應(yīng)的dll,我們只能對(duì)它進(jìn)行串口通信編程了。

以前從沒接觸過串口編程，最近在一個(gè)項(xiàng)目中有幾個(gè)地方都需要采用串口通信，跟公司一個(gè)老手請(qǐng)教后，感覺學(xué)到了很多東西，特在此做個(gè)總結(jié)。

正文

一、首先我們來認(rèn)識(shí)下什么是串口

右鍵我的電腦-管理-設(shè)備管理器-端口，選擇一個(gè)端口，點(diǎn)擊屬性。

我們可以看到該串口的屬性，在C#中我們使用SerialPort類來表示串口

ConfigClass config = new ConfigClass();    comm.serialPort.PortName = config.ReadConfig("SendHealCard");
//波特率
comm.serialPort.BaudRate = 9600;
//數(shù)據(jù)位
comm.serialPort.DataBits = 8;
//兩個(gè)停止位
comm.serialPort.StopBits = System.IO.Ports.StopBits.One;
//無奇偶校驗(yàn)位
comm.serialPort.Parity = System.IO.Ports.Parity.None;
comm.serialPort.ReadTimeout = 100;
comm.serialPort.WriteTimeout = -1;

二、串口調(diào)試工具

在對(duì)串口進(jìn)行編程時(shí)候，我們要向串口發(fā)送指令，然后我們解析串口返回的指令。

在這里向大家推薦一款工具。

將要發(fā)送的指令用空格隔開，選擇HEX顯示為放回的字符串。

三、正式編程

編寫Comm類

public class Comm   
{
    public delegate void EventHandle(byte[] readBuffer);
    public event EventHandle DataReceived;

    public SerialPort serialPort;
    Thread thread;
    volatile bool _keepReading;

    public Comm()
    {
        serialPort = new SerialPort();
        thread = null;
        _keepReading = false;
    }

    public bool IsOpen
    {
        get 
        {
            return serialPort.IsOpen;
        }
    }        

    private void StartReading()
    {
        if (!_keepReading)
        {
            _keepReading = true;
            thread = new Thread(new ThreadStart(ReadPort));
            thread.Start();
        }
    }

    private void StopReading()
    {
        if (_keepReading)
        {
            _keepReading = false;
            thread.Join();
            thread = null;                
        }
    }

    private void ReadPort()
    {
        while (_keepReading)
        {
            if (serialPort.IsOpen)
            {
                int count = serialPort.BytesToRead;
                if (count > 0)
                {
                    byte[] readBuffer = new byte[count];
                    try
                    {
                        Application.DoEvents();
                        serialPort.Read(readBuffer, 0, count);
                        if(DataReceived != null)
                            DataReceived(readBuffer);
                        Thread.Sleep(100);
                    }
                    catch (TimeoutException)
                    {
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    public void Open()
    {
        Close();            
        serialPort.Open();
        if (serialPort.IsOpen)
        {
            StartReading();
        }
        else
        {
            MessageBox.Show("串口打開失敗！");
        }
    }

    public void Close()
    {
        StopReading();
        serialPort.Close();
    }

    public void WritePort(byte[] send, int offSet, int count)
    {
        if (IsOpen)
        {
            serialPort.Write(send, offSet, count);
        }
    }
}

注冊(cè)串口

Comm  comm = new Comm();
ConfigClass config = new ConfigClass();
comm.serialPort.PortName = config.ReadConfig("SendHealCard");
//波特率
comm.serialPort.BaudRate = 9600;
//數(shù)據(jù)位
comm.serialPort.DataBits = 8;
//兩個(gè)停止位
comm.serialPort.StopBits = System.IO.Ports.StopBits.One;
//無奇偶校驗(yàn)位
comm.serialPort.Parity = System.IO.Ports.Parity.None;
comm.serialPort.ReadTimeout = 100;
ialPort.WriteTimeout = -1; 

pen();
if (comm.IsOpen)
{
    comm.DataReceived += new Comm.EventHandle(comm_DataReceived);
}

發(fā)送指令

/// <summary>
/// 發(fā)卡到機(jī)口
/// </summary>
private void SendCardToOut()
{
    is_read_card = false;
    sendCardToOut = true;
    byte[] send = { 0x02, 0x46, 0x43, 0x34, 0x03, 0x30 };
    if (comm.IsOpen)
    {
        comm.WritePort(send, 0, send.Length);
    }
}

收到指令，并解析

void comm_DataReceived(byte[] readBuffer1)
{
          //log.Info(HexCon.ByteToString(readBuffer));
          if (readBuffer1.Length == 1)
          {
              receive = HealCardClass.ByteToString(readBuffer1);
              string str = "06";
              if (string.Equals(receive.Trim(), str, StringComparison.CurrentCultureIgnoreCase))
              {
                  try
                  {
                      if (is_read_card)
                      {
                          byte[] send = new byte[1];
                          send[0] = 0x05;
                          comm.WritePort(send, 0, send.Length);
                          Thread.Sleep(500);
                          comm.DataReceived -= new Comm.EventHandle(comm_DataReceived);
                          InitReadComm();
                      }
                      if (sendCardToOut)
                      {
                          byte[] send = new byte[1];
                          send[0] = 0x05;
                          comm.WritePort(send, 0, send.Length);


                          readComm.DataReceived -= new Comm.EventHandle(readComm_DataReceived);
                          readComm.Close();

                          log.Info("發(fā)卡完成！");
                          lblMsg.Text = "發(fā)卡成功！";
                          lblSendCardMsg.Text = "發(fā)卡完成，請(qǐng)收好卡！";
                          timer1.Tick -= new EventHandler(timer1_Tick);
                          PlaySound();
                          this.btnOK.Enabled = true;


                      }
                  }
                  catch (Exception ex)
                  {
                      log.Info(ex.ToString());
                  }
              }
          }
}

至此，串口通信編程告一段落