SpringBoot內置Tomcat啟動方式
一、Tomcat相關配置類如何加載的?
在springboot項目中,我們只需要引入spring-boot-starter-web依賴,啟動服務成功,我們一個web服務就搭建好了,沒有明顯的看到tomcat。
其實打開spring-boot-starter-web依賴,我們可以看到:依賴了tomcat。

1.進入Springboot啟動類
我們加入Springboot最核心的注解@SpringBootApplication,源碼如下圖:重點看注解@EnableAutoConfiguration,

2.進入注解@EnableAutoConfiguration
如下圖:該注解通過@Import注解導入了AutoConfigurationImportSelector類。
其實這個類,就是導入通過加載配置文件,加載了很多工廠方法的配置類。

3.進入AutoConfigurationImportSelector類
首先調用selectImport()方法,在該方法中調用了 getAutoConfigurationEntry()方法,在之中又調用了getCandidateConfigurations()方法, getCandidateConfigurations()方法就去META-INF/spring.factory配置文件中加載相關配置類。
詳細講解如下:也就是下圖的,方法1調用方法2,方法2調用方法3:

到了這里加載了 META-INF/spring.factories文件:

4.我們看到
加載了ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration這個配置類,web工廠配置類。
@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
@AutoConfigureOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE)
@ConditionalOnClass(ServletRequest.class)
@ConditionalOnWebApplication(type = Type.SERVLET)
@EnableConfigurationProperties(ServerProperties.class)
@Import({ ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration.BeanPostProcessorsRegistrar.class,
ServletWebServerFactoryConfiguration.EmbeddedTomcat.class,
ServletWebServerFactoryConfiguration.EmbeddedJetty.class,
ServletWebServerFactoryConfiguration.EmbeddedUndertow.class })
public class ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration {
...
}從這個配置工廠類,我們看出通過@Import注解加載了tomcat,jetty,undertow三個web服務器的配置類。
由于沒有導入jetty和undertow的相關jar包,這兩個類實例的不會真正的加載。
5.進入EmbeddedTomcat類
創(chuàng)建了TomcatServletWebServerFactory類的對象。
@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
class ServletWebServerFactoryConfiguration {
@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
@ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, Tomcat.class, UpgradeProtocol.class })
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = ServletWebServerFactory.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT)
static class EmbeddedTomcat {
@Bean
TomcatServletWebServerFactory tomcatServletWebServerFactory(
ObjectProvider<TomcatConnectorCustomizer> connectorCustomizers,
ObjectProvider<TomcatContextCustomizer> contextCustomizers,
ObjectProvider<TomcatProtocolHandlerCustomizer<?>> protocolHandlerCustomizers) {
TomcatServletWebServerFactory factory = new TomcatServletWebServerFactory();
factory.getTomcatConnectorCustomizers()
.addAll(connectorCustomizers.orderedStream().collect(Collectors.toList()));
factory.getTomcatContextCustomizers()
.addAll(contextCustomizers.orderedStream().collect(Collectors.toList()));
factory.getTomcatProtocolHandlerCustomizers()
.addAll(protocolHandlerCustomizers.orderedStream().collect(Collectors.toList()));
return factory;
}
}6.進入TomcatServletWebServerFactory類
關注getWebServer()方法:
@Override
public WebServer getWebServer(ServletContextInitializer... initializers) {
if (this.disableMBeanRegistry) {
Registry.disableRegistry();
}
//實例化一個Tomcat
Tomcat tomcat = new Tomcat();
File baseDir = (this.baseDirectory != null) ? this.baseDirectory : createTempDir("tomcat");
//設置Tomcat的工作臨時目錄
tomcat.setBaseDir(baseDir.getAbsolutePath());
//默認使用Http11NioProtocal實例化Connector
Connector connector = new Connector(this.protocol);
connector.setThrowOnFailure(true);
//給Service添加Connector
tomcat.getService().addConnector(connector);
customizeConnector(connector);
tomcat.setConnector(connector);
//關閉熱部署
tomcat.getHost().setAutoDeploy(false);
//配置Engine
configureEngine(tomcat.getEngine());
for (Connector additionalConnector : this.additionalTomcatConnectors) {
tomcat.getService().addConnector(additionalConnector);
}
prepareContext(tomcat.getHost(), initializers);
// 實例化TomcatWebServer時會將DispatcherServlet以及一些Filter添加到Tomcat中
return getTomcatWebServer(tomcat);
}getWebServer()方法在當前類,調用了getTomcatWebServer()方法,其實又new TomcatWebServer()對象:
protected TomcatWebServer getTomcatWebServer(Tomcat tomcat) {
return new TomcatWebServer(tomcat, getPort() >= 0);
}7.進入TomcatWebServer類
這個類才是真正的做tomcat啟動的類:
(1)構造方法:調用了initialize()方法
public TomcatWebServer(Tomcat tomcat, boolean autoStart) {
Assert.notNull(tomcat, "Tomcat Server must not be null");
this.tomcat = tomcat;
this.autoStart = autoStart;
initialize();
}(2)進入initialize()方法,這個方法:this.tomcat.start(),啟動tomcat容器了。
private void initialize() throws WebServerException {
logger.info("Tomcat initialized with port(s): " + getPortsDescription(false));
synchronized (this.monitor) {
try {
addInstanceIdToEngineName();
Context context = findContext();
context.addLifecycleListener((event) -> {
if (context.equals(event.getSource()) && Lifecycle.START_EVENT.equals(event.getType())) {
// Remove service connectors so that protocol binding doesn't
// happen when the service is started.
removeServiceConnectors();
}
});
// Tomcat在這里啟動了
this.tomcat.start();
// We can re-throw failure exception directly in the main thread
rethrowDeferredStartupExceptions();
try {
ContextBindings.bindClassLoader(context, context.getNamingToken(), getClass().getClassLoader());
}
catch (NamingException ex) {
// Naming is not enabled. Continue
}
// Unlike Jetty, all Tomcat threads are daemon threads. We create a
// blocking non-daemon to stop immediate shutdown
startDaemonAwaitThread();
}
catch (Exception ex) {
stopSilently();
destroySilently();
throw new WebServerException("Unable to start embedded Tomcat", ex);
}
}
}二、getWebServer()的調用分析,也就是tomcat何時啟動的
上面分析了tomcat的配置到啟動的方法,我們現在來分析,tomcat是何時啟動的。
1.首先進入SpringBoot啟動類的run方法
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(SpringBootMytestApplication.class, args);
}最終調用了本類的一個同名方法:
public ConfigurableApplicationContext run(String... args) {
//記錄程序運行時間
StopWatch stopWatch = new StopWatch();
stopWatch.start();
// ConfigurableApplicationContext Spring 的上下文
ConfigurableApplicationContext context = null;
Collection<SpringBootExceptionReporter> exceptionReporters = new ArrayList<>();
configureHeadlessProperty();
//【1、獲取并啟動監(jiān)聽器】
SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners = getRunListeners(args);
listeners.starting();
try {
ApplicationArguments applicationArguments = new DefaultApplicationArguments(args);
//【2、構造應用上下文環(huán)境】
ConfigurableEnvironment environment = prepareEnvironment(listeners, applicationArguments);
//處理需要忽略的Bean
configureIgnoreBeanInfo(environment);
//打印banner
Banner printedBanner = printBanner(environment);
///【3、初始化應用上下文】
context = createApplicationContext();
//實例化SpringBootExceptionReporter.class,用來支持報告關于啟動的錯誤
exceptionReporters = getSpringFactoriesInstances(SpringBootExceptionReporter.class,
new Class[] { ConfigurableApplicationContext.class }, context);
//【4、刷新應用上下文前的準備階段】
prepareContext(context, environment, listeners, applicationArguments, printedBanner);
//【5、刷新應用上下文】
refreshContext(context);
//【6、刷新應用上下文后的擴展接口】
afterRefresh(context, applicationArguments);
//時間記錄停止
stopWatch.stop();
if (this.logStartupInfo) {
new StartupInfoLogger(this.mainApplicationClass).logStarted(getApplicationLog(), stopWatch);
}
//發(fā)布容器啟動完成事件
listeners.started(context);
callRunners(context, applicationArguments);
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
handleRunFailure(context, ex, exceptionReporters, listeners);
throw new IllegalStateException(ex);
}
try {
listeners.running(context);
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
handleRunFailure(context, ex, exceptionReporters, null);
throw new IllegalStateException(ex);
}
return context;
}這個方法大概做了以下幾件事:
- 1)獲取并啟動監(jiān)聽器 通過加載META-INF/spring.factories 完成了 SpringApplicationRunListener實例化工作
- 2)構造容器環(huán)境,簡而言之就是加載系統(tǒng)變量,環(huán)境變量,配置文件
- 3)創(chuàng)建容器
- 4)實例化SpringBootExceptionReporter.class,用來支持報告關于啟動的錯誤
- 5)準備容器
- 6) 刷新容器
- 7)刷新容器后的擴展接口
2.那么內置tomcat啟動源碼
就是隱藏在上面第六步:refreshContext方法里面,該方法最終會調 用到AbstractApplicationContext類的refresh()方法,進入refreshContext()方法,如圖:
private void refreshContext(ConfigurableApplicationContext context) {
refresh(context);
if (this.registerShutdownHook) {
try {
context.registerShutdownHook();
}
catch (AccessControlException ex) {
// Not allowed in some environments.
}
}
}refreshContext()調用了refresh()方法:
public void refresh() throws BeansException, IllegalStateException {
synchronized(this.startupShutdownMonitor) {
this.prepareRefresh();
ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = this.obtainFreshBeanFactory();
this.prepareBeanFactory(beanFactory);
try {
this.postProcessBeanFactory(beanFactory);
this.invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(beanFactory);
this.registerBeanPostProcessors(beanFactory);
this.initMessageSource();
this.initApplicationEventMulticaster();
this.onRefresh();
this.registerListeners();
this.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(beanFactory);
this.finishRefresh();
} catch (BeansException var9) {
if (this.logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
this.logger.warn("Exception encountered during context initialization - cancelling refresh attempt: " + var9);
}
this.destroyBeans();
this.cancelRefresh(var9);
throw var9;
} finally {
this.resetCommonCaches();
}
}
}refresh()方法調用了this.onRefresh():
@Override
protected void onRefresh() {
super.onRefresh();
try {
//核心方法:會獲取嵌入式的Servlet容器工廠,并通過工廠來獲取Servlet容器
createWebServer();
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
throw new ApplicationContextException("Unable to start web server", ex);
}
}如下面的代碼:createWebServer() 方法調用了一個factory.getWebServer()。
private void createWebServer() {
WebServer webServer = this.webServer;
ServletContext servletContext = getServletContext();
if (webServer == null && servletContext == null) {
//先獲取嵌入式Servlet容器工廠
ServletWebServerFactory factory = getWebServerFactory();
this.webServer = factory.getWebServer(getSelfInitializer());
}
else if (servletContext != null) {
try {
getSelfInitializer().onStartup(servletContext);
}
catch (ServletException ex) {
throw new ApplicationContextException("Cannot initialize servlet context", ex);
}
}
initPropertySources();
}到了這里getWebServer()方法,下一步就是創(chuàng)建TomcatWebServer對象,創(chuàng)建該對象,就在構造方法啟動了Tomcat。詳細代碼在第一部分有。
總結
tomcat啟動流程

以上為個人經驗,希望能給大家一個參考,也希望大家多多支持腳本之家。
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