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Springboot使用Rabbitmq的延時(shí)隊(duì)列+死信隊(duì)列實(shí)現(xiàn)消息延期消費(fèi)

 更新時(shí)間：2025年01月08日 10:04:48   作者：WalkerShen  
本文介紹了RabbitMQ的延時(shí)隊(duì)列和死信隊(duì)列,解釋了它們的工作原理及其應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景,延時(shí)隊(duì)列允許消息在設(shè)定的時(shí)間后被消費(fèi),結(jié)合實(shí)際案例,展示了如何實(shí)現(xiàn)和使用延時(shí)隊(duì)列和死信隊(duì)列,感興趣的朋友一起看看吧

簡(jiǎn)介

RabbitMQ 的延時(shí)隊(duì)列（Delayed Queue）是指消息在發(fā)送到隊(duì)列后，會(huì)在一定的時(shí)間內(nèi)被延遲處理，直到預(yù)設(shè)的延遲時(shí)間結(jié)束，消息才會(huì)被消費(fèi)者消費(fèi)。RabbitMQ 本身并不原生支持延時(shí)隊(duì)列，但我們可以通過(guò)一些插件或特定配置來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)這種功能。

延時(shí)隊(duì)列的應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景

  • 定時(shí)任務(wù)：比如定時(shí)發(fā)送郵件、推送通知等操作。
  • 重試機(jī)制：當(dāng)某些任務(wù)失敗時(shí)，可以讓任務(wù)在一段時(shí)間后再次嘗試。
  • 延遲消費(fèi)：在特定時(shí)間后消費(fèi)消息，而不是立即消費(fèi)。

死信隊(duì)列（Dead Letter Queue，簡(jiǎn)稱 DLQ）是消息隊(duì)列中的一個(gè)特殊隊(duì)列，用于存放那些因某些原因無(wú)法被正常消費(fèi)的消息。死信隊(duì)列在許多消息隊(duì)列系統(tǒng)（如 RabbitMQ、Kafka 等）中都有應(yīng)用。通過(guò)將無(wú)法消費(fèi)的消息轉(zhuǎn)移到死信隊(duì)列中，可以幫助開(kāi)發(fā)者發(fā)現(xiàn)和處理消息消費(fèi)過(guò)程中的異常或錯(cuò)誤。

死信隊(duì)列的主要用途是：

  • 錯(cuò)誤處理：用于捕獲無(wú)法消費(fèi)的消息，避免這些消息丟失，并提供后續(xù)人工干預(yù)或自動(dòng)重試的機(jī)會(huì)。
  • 監(jiān)控和診斷：通過(guò)查看死信隊(duì)列，可以幫助開(kāi)發(fā)者快速發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題，例如隊(duì)列被溢出、消息格式不正確等。
  • 防止數(shù)據(jù)丟失：將那些因?yàn)槌瑫r(shí)、隊(duì)列溢出、消費(fèi)失敗等原因無(wú)法處理的消息放入死信隊(duì)列，可以保證它們不會(huì)丟失，后續(xù)可以進(jìn)一步調(diào)查和處理。

本文結(jié)合延時(shí)隊(duì)列和死信隊(duì)列，延時(shí)隊(duì)列的消息設(shè)置過(guò)期時(shí)間，在時(shí)間過(guò)期之后，將消息內(nèi)容推送到死信隊(duì)列中進(jìn)行處理。

整合邏輯

依賴

 <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <version>1.18.30</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>cn.hutool</groupId>
            <artifactId>hutool-all</artifactId>
            <version>5.8.27</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
            <version>2.7.7</version>
        </dependency>

配置

server:
  port: 8081
spring:
  application:
    name: walker-rabbitmq
  rabbitmq:
    host: 127.0.0.1
    port: 5672
    username: guest_walker
    password: guest

創(chuàng)建交換機(jī)|隊(duì)列

延時(shí)隊(duì)列

package com.walker.rabbitmq.delay.config;
import com.walker.rabbitmq.delay.constants.BaseConstant;
import com.walker.rabbitmq.delay.enums.RabbitMqConfigEnum;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.*;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
@Configuration
public class OrderDelayRabbitConfig {
//    交換機(jī)
    @Bean
    public DirectExchange orderDelayExchange(){
        return new DirectExchange(RabbitMqConfigEnum.ORDER_DELAY.getExchange());
    }
//    隊(duì)列
    @Bean
    public Queue orderDelayQueue(){
        Map<String,Object> args = new HashMap<>();
//        延時(shí)隊(duì)列，需要綁定死信隊(duì)列，在ttl到期之后，將隊(duì)列轉(zhuǎn)到死信隊(duì)列
        args.put(BaseConstant.xDeadLetterExchange,RabbitMqConfigEnum.ORDER_DEAD.getExchange());
        args.put(BaseConstant.xDeadLetterRoutingKey,RabbitMqConfigEnum.ORDER_DEAD.getRoutingKey());
        return QueueBuilder.durable(RabbitMqConfigEnum.ORDER_DELAY.getQueue()).autoDelete().withArguments(args).build();
    }
//
    @Bean
    public Binding orderDelayQueueBinding(){
        return BindingBuilder.bind(orderDelayQueue()).to(orderDelayExchange()).with(RabbitMqConfigEnum.ORDER_DELAY.getRoutingKey());
    }
}

死信隊(duì)列

package com.walker.rabbitmq.delay.config;
import com.walker.rabbitmq.delay.enums.RabbitMqConfigEnum;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.*;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
@Configuration
public class OrderDeadRabbitConfig {
//    交換機(jī)
    @Bean
    public DirectExchange orderDeadExchange(){
        return new DirectExchange(RabbitMqConfigEnum.ORDER_DEAD.getExchange());
    }
//    隊(duì)列
    @Bean
    public Queue orderDeadQueue(){
        return QueueBuilder.durable(RabbitMqConfigEnum.ORDER_DEAD.getQueue()).autoDelete().build();
    }
//   交換機(jī)、隊(duì)列、路由鍵綁定
    @Bean
    public Binding orderDeadQueueBinding(){
        return BindingBuilder.bind(orderDeadQueue()).to(orderDeadExchange())
                .with(RabbitMqConfigEnum.ORDER_DEAD.getRoutingKey());
    }
}

常量

package com.walker.rabbitmq.delay.constants;
import com.walker.rabbitmq.delay.enums.RabbitMqConfigEnum;
public interface BaseConstant {
    String xDeadLetterExchange = "x-dead-letter-exchange";
    String xDeadLetterRoutingKey = "x-dead-letter-routing-key";
}

相關(guān)枚舉

package com.walker.rabbitmq.delay.enums;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Getter;
@AllArgsConstructor
@Getter
public enum RabbitMqConfigEnum {
    ORDER_DELAY("direct","訂單延時(shí)隊(duì)列","order_delay_exchange", "order_delay_queue", "order_delay_routing_key",true),
    ORDER_DEAD("direct","訂單死信隊(duì)列","order_dead_exchange", "order_dead_queue", "order_dead_routing_key",true);
    private final String type;
    private final String title;
    private final String exchange;
    private final String queue;
    private final String routingKey;
    private final Boolean durable;
}

rabbitmq工具類封裝

package com.walker.rabbitmq.delay.service;
import cn.hutool.core.util.BooleanUtil;
import cn.hutool.json.JSONUtil;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.walker.rabbitmq.delay.enums.RabbitMqConfigEnum;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.amqp.AmqpException;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.MessagePostProcessor;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.function.Consumer;
import java.util.function.Function;
@Component
@Slf4j
public class RabbitmqService {
    @Resource
    private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
    /**
    * author:walker
    * time: 2024/12/30
    * description:  無(wú)返回結(jié)果的手動(dòng)處理方式
    */
    public void doWithManualAck(String event, Message message, Channel channel, Consumer<String> method) {
        String data = new String(message.getBody());
        try {
            method.accept(data);
            sendAck(message, channel);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("處理事件[{}]異常數(shù)據(jù)為：{},原因如下：",event,data, e);
            sendNack(message, channel);
        }
    }
    /**
     * author:walker
     * time: 2024/12/30
     * description:  根據(jù)返回的布爾類型，進(jìn)行確認(rèn)和拒絕
     */
    public void doWithManualAck(String event, Message message, Channel channel, Function<String,Boolean> method) {
        String data = new String(message.getBody());
        try {
            Boolean res = method.apply(data);
            if(BooleanUtil.isTrue(res)){
                sendAck(message, channel);
            }else{
                sendNack(message, channel);
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("處理事件[{}]異常數(shù)據(jù)為：{},原因如下：",event,data, e);
            sendNack(message, channel);
        }
    }
    //    確認(rèn)消息
    public void sendAck(Message message, Channel channel) throws IOException {
        channel.basicAck(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(), false);
    }
    //    拒絕消息
    public void sendNack(Message message, Channel channel) {
        try {
            channel.basicNack(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(), false, true);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            log.error("消息消費(fèi)失敗，消息ID：{}", message.getMessageProperties().getMessageId(), e);
        }
    }
    public <T> void sendDelayMsg(RabbitMqConfigEnum configEnum, T data, Integer delayTime) {
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(configEnum.getExchange(), configEnum.getRoutingKey(),
                JSONUtil.toJsonStr(data), new MessagePostProcessor() {
                    @Override
                    public Message postProcessMessage(Message message) throws AmqpException {
                        message.getMessageProperties().setExpiration(String.valueOf(delayTime));
                        return message;
                    }
                });
    }
}

案例

實(shí)體類

package com.walker.rabbitmq.delay.entity;
import lombok.Data;
@Data
public class OrderInfo {
    private String productName;
    private Integer num;
    private String userName;
    private String orderTime;
}

controller 創(chuàng)建訂單

package com.walker.rabbitmq.delay.controller;
import com.walker.rabbitmq.delay.enums.RabbitMqConfigEnum;
import com.walker.rabbitmq.delay.entity.OrderInfo;
import com.walker.rabbitmq.delay.service.RabbitmqService;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
import java.util.Date;
@Slf4j
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/order")
public class OrderController {
    @Resource
    private RabbitmqService rabbitmqService;
    /**
    * author:walker
    * time: 2025/1/2
    * description:  下單
    */
    @GetMapping("/create")
    public void createOrder() {
        OrderInfo orderInfo = new OrderInfo();
        orderInfo.setProductName("羽毛球");
        orderInfo.setUserName("張三");
        orderInfo.setOrderTime("2025-01-02 12:00:00");
        orderInfo.setNum(1);
        log.info("發(fā)送消息時(shí)間{}",new Date());
        rabbitmqService.sendDelayMsg(RabbitMqConfigEnum.ORDER_DELAY,orderInfo,10000);
    }
}

消費(fèi)者監(jiān)聽(tīng)消息

消費(fèi)者接口

package com.walker.rabbitmq.delay.service;
public interface IRabbitCosumerHandler {
    Boolean handle(String message);
}

消費(fèi)者監(jiān)聽(tīng)方法

package com.walker.rabbitmq.delay.listener;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.walker.rabbitmq.delay.enums.RabbitMqConfigEnum;
import com.walker.rabbitmq.delay.constants.BaseConstant;
import com.walker.rabbitmq.delay.service.IRabbitCosumerHandler;
import com.walker.rabbitmq.delay.service.RabbitmqService;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Date;
@Slf4j
@Component
public class OrderDeadLetterQueueConsumer implements IRabbitCosumerHandler {
    @Resource
    private RabbitmqService rabbitmqService;
    @RabbitListener(queues = "#{T(com.walker.rabbitmq.delay.enums.RabbitMqConfigEnum).ORDER_DEAD.getQueue()}",ackMode = "MANUAL")
    public void receive(Message message, Channel channel) throws IOException {
        log.info("接受消息時(shí)間 {}",new Date());
        String msg = new String(message.getBody());
        log.info("當(dāng)前時(shí)間：{},隊(duì)列{}收到消息：{}", new Date().toString(),RabbitMqConfigEnum.ORDER_DEAD.getQueue(), msg);
        rabbitmqService.doWithManualAck(RabbitMqConfigEnum.ORDER_DEAD.getTitle(), message, channel, this::handle);
    }
    @Override
    public Boolean handle(String message) {
//        處理邏輯
        log.info("進(jìn)行訂單取消的操作");
        return true;
    }
}

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