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Java捕獲ThreadPoolExecutor內(nèi)部線程異常的四種方法

更新時(shí)間：2025年03月13日 15:22:42 作者：大大怪~將軍

這篇文章主要為大家詳細(xì)介紹了Java捕獲ThreadPoolExecutor內(nèi)部線程異常的四種方法,文中的示例代碼講解詳細(xì),感興趣的小伙伴可以參考一下

方案 1

使用 execute + try-catch 記錄異常

import java.util.concurrent.*;
 
public class ThreadPoolExceptionDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ThreadPoolExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(
                2, 4, 10, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
                new LinkedBlockingQueue<>(),
                new ThreadFactory() {
                    private int count = 1;
                    @Override
                    public Thread newThread(Runnable r) {
                        return new Thread(r, "custom-thread-" + count++);
                    }
                });
 
        executor.execute(() -> {
            try {
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 正在執(zhí)行任務(wù)");
                throw new RuntimeException("任務(wù)異常");
            } catch (Exception e) {
                System.err.println("線程 " + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 捕獲異常: " + e.getMessage());
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        });
 
        executor.shutdown();
    }
}

方案 2

使用 submit + Future

submit() 方法返回 Future，可以通過 get() 方法捕獲異常：

public static void main(String[] args) {
    ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(2);
 
    Future<?> future = executor.submit(() -> {
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 正在執(zhí)行任務(wù)");
        throw new RuntimeException("任務(wù)異常");
    });
 
    try {
        future.get(); // get() 會(huì)拋出 ExecutionException
    } catch (InterruptedException | ExecutionException e) {
        System.err.println("線程 " + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 捕獲異常: " + e.getCause().getMessage());
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
 
    executor.shutdown();
}

注意

get() 方法會(huì)阻塞主線程直到任務(wù)完成。
ExecutionException 的 getCause() 方法可以獲取原始異常。

方案 3

自定義 UncaughtExceptionHandler

可以為線程設(shè)置 UncaughtExceptionHandler，當(dāng) Runnable 沒有捕獲異常時(shí)，ThreadPoolExecutor 也不會(huì)吞掉異常：

public class ThreadPoolWithExceptionHandler {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ThreadFactory threadFactory = r -> {
            Thread t = new Thread(r);
            t.setUncaughtExceptionHandler((thread, throwable) -> {
                System.err.println("線程 " + thread.getName() + " 發(fā)生異常: " + throwable.getMessage());
                throwable.printStackTrace();
            });
            return t;
        };
 
        ExecutorService executor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(
                2, 4, 10, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
                new LinkedBlockingQueue<>(),
                threadFactory
        );
 
        executor.execute(() -> {
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 正在執(zhí)行任務(wù)");
            throw new RuntimeException("任務(wù)異常");
        });
 
        executor.shutdown();
    }
}

方案 4

重寫 afterExecute 方法

如果你要在 ThreadPoolExecutor 內(nèi)部直接處理異常，可以繼承 ThreadPoolExecutor 并重寫 afterExecute()：

class CustomThreadPoolExecutor extends ThreadPoolExecutor {
    public CustomThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize, int maximumPoolSize, long keepAliveTime, TimeUnit unit, BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue) {
        super(corePoolSize, maximumPoolSize, keepAliveTime, unit, workQueue);
    }
 
    @Override
    protected void afterExecute(Runnable r, Throwable t) {
        super.afterExecute(r, t);
        if (t == null && r instanceof Future<?>) {
            try {
                ((Future<?>) r).get(); // 獲取任務(wù)結(jié)果，捕獲異常
            } catch (InterruptedException | ExecutionException e) {
                t = e.getCause();
            }
        }
        if (t != null) {
            System.err.println("線程 " + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 發(fā)生異常: " + t.getMessage());
            t.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}
 
public class ThreadPoolAfterExecuteDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ThreadPoolExecutor executor = new CustomThreadPoolExecutor(2, 4, 10, TimeUnit.SECONDS, new LinkedBlockingQueue<>());
 
        executor.submit(() -> {
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 正在執(zhí)行任務(wù)");
            throw new RuntimeException("任務(wù)異常");
        });
 
        executor.shutdown();
    }
}

結(jié)論

方案	適用場(chǎng)景	缺點(diǎn)
try-catch 手動(dòng)處理	適用于 execute()	代碼侵入性強(qiáng)，所有任務(wù)都要加 try-catch
Future.get() 捕獲異常	適用于 submit()	get() 會(huì)阻塞主線程
UncaughtExceptionHandler	適用于 execute()	不能捕獲 submit() 提交的異常
afterExecute()	適用于 execute() 和 submit()	需要繼承 ThreadPoolExecutor