SpringBoot + Mybatis Plus 整合 Redis的詳細(xì)步驟
Redis 在用戶管理系統(tǒng)中的典型應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景
結(jié)合你的用戶增刪改查接口,以下是 Redis 的實(shí)用場(chǎng)景和具體實(shí)現(xiàn)方案:
場(chǎng)景 | 作用 | 實(shí)現(xiàn)方案 |
---|---|---|
用戶信息緩存 | 減少數(shù)據(jù)庫壓力,加速查詢響應(yīng) | 使用 Spring Cache + Redis 注解緩存 |
登錄 Token 存儲(chǔ) | 分布式 Session 或 JWT Token 管理 | 將 Token 與用戶信息綁定,設(shè)置過期時(shí)間 |
接口限流 | 防止惡意刷接口 | 基于 Redis 計(jì)數(shù)器實(shí)現(xiàn)滑動(dòng)窗口限流 |
重復(fù)提交攔截 | 防止用戶重復(fù)提交表單 | 用 Redis 存儲(chǔ)請(qǐng)求唯一標(biāo)識(shí),設(shè)置短期過期 |
熱點(diǎn)數(shù)據(jù)預(yù)加載 | 提前緩存高頻訪問數(shù)據(jù) | 定時(shí)任務(wù) + Redis 存儲(chǔ) |
Mac M1 安裝 Redis 詳細(xì)步驟
1. 通過 Homebrew 安裝 Redis
# 安裝 Homebrew(如果尚未安裝) /bin/bash -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/HEAD/install.sh)" # 安裝 Redis brew install redis
2. 啟動(dòng) Redis 服務(wù)
# 前臺(tái)啟動(dòng)(測(cè)試用,Ctrl+C 退出) redis-server # 后臺(tái)啟動(dòng)(推薦) brew services start redis
3. 驗(yàn)證安裝
# 連接 Redis 客戶端 redis-cli ping # 應(yīng)返回 "PONG"
Spring Boot 3 整合 Redis
1. 添加依賴
在 pom.xml
中:
<!-- Spring Cache 核心依賴 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-cache</artifactId> </dependency> <!-- Redis 驅(qū)動(dòng) --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId> <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId> </dependency>
2. 配置 Redis 連接
application.yml
:
spring: data: redis: host: localhost port: 6379 # password: your-password # 如果設(shè)置了密碼 lettuce: pool: max-active: 8 max-idle: 8
3. 示例
配置類
package com.example.spring_demo01.config; import org.springframework.cache.CacheManager; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.data.redis.cache.RedisCacheConfiguration; import org.springframework.data.redis.cache.RedisCacheManager; import org.springframework.data.redis.connection.RedisConnectionFactory; import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate; import org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.*; import java.time.Duration; @Configuration public class RedisConfig { // 配置 RedisTemplate @Bean public RedisTemplate<String, Object> redisTemplate(RedisConnectionFactory factory) { RedisTemplate<String, Object> template = new RedisTemplate<>(); template.setConnectionFactory(factory); // Key 序列化 template.setKeySerializer(new StringRedisSerializer()); // Value 序列化為 JSON template.setValueSerializer(new GenericJackson2JsonRedisSerializer()); // Hash 結(jié)構(gòu)序列化 template.setHashKeySerializer(new StringRedisSerializer()); template.setHashValueSerializer(new GenericJackson2JsonRedisSerializer()); return template; } // 配置緩存管理器 @Bean public CacheManager cacheManager(RedisConnectionFactory factory) { RedisCacheConfiguration config = RedisCacheConfiguration.defaultCacheConfig() .serializeKeysWith(RedisSerializationContext.SerializationPair.fromSerializer(new StringRedisSerializer())) .serializeValuesWith(RedisSerializationContext.SerializationPair.fromSerializer(new GenericJackson2JsonRedisSerializer())) .entryTtl(Duration.ofMinutes(30)); // 設(shè)置默認(rèn)過期時(shí)間 return RedisCacheManager.builder(factory) .cacheDefaults(config) .build(); } }
接口限流工具類
package com.example.spring_demo01.utils; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import java.util.UUID; import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; @Component public class RateLimiter { @Autowired private RedisTemplate<String, Object> redisTemplate; public boolean allowRequest(String userId) { String key = "rate_limit:" + userId; long now = System.currentTimeMillis(); long windowMs = 60_000; // 1 分鐘 // 移除窗口外的請(qǐng)求記錄 redisTemplate.opsForZSet().removeRangeByScore(key, 0, now - windowMs); // 統(tǒng)計(jì)當(dāng)前窗口內(nèi)請(qǐng)求數(shù) Long count = redisTemplate.opsForZSet().zCard(key); if (count != null && count >= 10) { return false; // 超過限制 } // 記錄本次請(qǐng)求 redisTemplate.opsForZSet().add(key, UUID.randomUUID().toString(), now); redisTemplate.expire(key, windowMs, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS); return true; } }
實(shí)體類
package com.example.spring_demo01.entity; import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.annotation.*; import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonIgnoreProperties; import lombok.Data; import java.io.Serializable; @Data @TableName("user") @JsonIgnoreProperties(ignoreUnknown = true) // 防止 JSON 反序列化問題 public class User implements Serializable { // 實(shí)現(xiàn) Serializable @TableId(type = IdType.AUTO) // 主鍵自增 private Long id; private String name; private Integer age; private String email; }
service層
package com.example.spring_demo01.service.impl; import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.extension.service.impl.ServiceImpl; import com.example.spring_demo01.entity.User; import com.example.spring_demo01.mapper.UserMapper; import com.example.spring_demo01.service.UserService; import org.springframework.cache.annotation.CacheEvict; import org.springframework.cache.annotation.Cacheable; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; import java.io.Serializable; @Service public class UserServiceImpl extends ServiceImpl<UserMapper, User> implements UserService { // 對(duì) MyBatis Plus 的 getById 方法添加緩存 @Cacheable(value = "user", key = "#id") @Override public User getById(Serializable id) { return super.getById(id); } // 更新時(shí)清除緩存 @CacheEvict(value = "user", key = "#entity.id") @Override public boolean updateById(User entity) { return super.updateById(entity); } // 刪除時(shí)清除緩存 @CacheEvict(value = "user", key = "#id") @Override public boolean removeById(Serializable id) { return super.removeById(id); } }
controller層
package com.example.spring_demo01.controller; import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.core.conditions.query.QueryWrapper; import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.extension.plugins.pagination.Page; import com.example.spring_demo01.annotation.AdminOnly; import com.example.spring_demo01.entity.User; import com.example.spring_demo01.service.UserService; import com.example.spring_demo01.utils.RateLimiter; import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*; import java.time.Duration; import java.util.List; import java.util.UUID; @Slf4j @RestController @RequestMapping("/user") public class UserController { @Autowired private UserService userService; @Autowired private RedisTemplate<String, Object> redisTemplate; @Autowired private RateLimiter rateLimiter; // ------------------------------ 增 ------------------------------ @PostMapping public String addUser(@RequestBody User user, @RequestHeader String clientId) { String key = "SUBMIT_LOCK:" + clientId + ":" + user.hashCode(); // 10秒內(nèi)不允許重復(fù)提交 Boolean success = redisTemplate.opsForValue() .setIfAbsent(key, "", Duration.ofSeconds(10)); if (Boolean.FALSE.equals(success)) { throw new RuntimeException("請(qǐng)勿重復(fù)提交"); } userService.save(user); return "新增成功"; } // ------------------------------ 刪 ------------------------------ @DeleteMapping("/{id}") public String deleteUser(@PathVariable Long id) { userService.removeById(id); return "刪除成功"; } @DeleteMapping("/batch") public String deleteBatch(@RequestBody List<Long> ids) { userService.removeByIds(ids); return "批量刪除成功"; } // ------------------------------ 改 ------------------------------ @PutMapping public String updateUser(@RequestBody User user) { userService.updateById(user); return "更新成功"; } // ------------------------------ 查 ------------------------------ @GetMapping("/{id}") @AdminOnly public User getUserById(@PathVariable Long id) { return userService.getById(id); } @GetMapping("/list") public List<User> listUsers( @RequestParam(required = false) String name, @RequestParam(required = false) Integer age) { QueryWrapper<User> wrapper = new QueryWrapper<>(); if (name != null) { wrapper.like("name", name); // 模糊查詢姓名 } if (age != null) { wrapper.eq("age", age); // 精確查詢年齡 } return userService.list(wrapper); } @GetMapping("/page") public Page<User> pageUsers( @RequestParam(defaultValue = "1") Integer pageNum, @RequestParam(defaultValue = "10") Integer pageSize, @RequestHeader(value = "Authorization") String token) { // 從 Token 中獲取用戶ID log.info("token:{}", token); log.info("User:{}", redisTemplate.opsForValue().get(token.split(" ")[1])); User user = (User) redisTemplate.opsForValue().get(token.split(" ")[1]); if (user == null) throw new RuntimeException("未登錄"); // 限流校驗(yàn) if (!rateLimiter.allowRequest("PAGE_" + user.getId())) { throw new RuntimeException("請(qǐng)求過于頻繁"); } return userService.page(new Page<>(pageNum, pageSize)); } // ------------------------------ other ------------------------------ @GetMapping("/error") public String getError() { throw new RuntimeException(); } @PostMapping("/login") public String login(@RequestBody User user) { log.info("login user:{}", user); // 驗(yàn)證用戶邏輯(示例簡(jiǎn)化) User dbUser = userService.getOne(new QueryWrapper<User>() .eq("id", user.getId()) .eq("name", user.getName())); if (dbUser == null) { throw new RuntimeException("登錄失敗"); } // 生成 Token 并存儲(chǔ) String token = "TOKEN_" + UUID.randomUUID(); redisTemplate.opsForValue().set( token, dbUser, Duration.ofMinutes(30) ); return token; } }
在啟動(dòng)類添加注解:
package com.example.spring_demo01; import org.mybatis.spring.annotation.MapperScan; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.ServletComponentScan; import org.springframework.cache.annotation.EnableCaching; @SpringBootApplication @MapperScan("com.example.spring_demo01.mapper") @ServletComponentScan // 啟用 Servlet 組件掃描(如 Filter、Servlet) @EnableCaching // 啟動(dòng)緩存,Redis使用 public class SpringDemo01Application { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(SpringDemo01Application.class, args); } }
常見問題排查
Q1: 連接 Redis 超時(shí)
- 檢查服務(wù)狀態(tài):運(yùn)行
redis-cli ping
確認(rèn) Redis 是否正常運(yùn)行 - 查看端口占用:
lsof -i :6379
- 關(guān)閉防火墻:
sudo ufw allow 6379
Q2: Spring Boot 無法注入 RedisTemplate
- 確認(rèn)配置類:添加
@EnableCaching
和@Configuration
- 檢查序列化器:顯式配置序列化方式避免 ClassCastException
@Configuration public class RedisConfig { @Bean public RedisTemplate<String, Object> redisTemplate(RedisConnectionFactory factory) { RedisTemplate<String, Object> template = new RedisTemplate<>(); template.setConnectionFactory(factory); template.setKeySerializer(new StringRedisSerializer()); template.setValueSerializer(new GenericJackson2JsonRedisSerializer()); return template; } }
總結(jié)
通過 Redis 你可以為項(xiàng)目快速實(shí)現(xiàn):
- 高性能緩存層 - 降低數(shù)據(jù)庫負(fù)載
- 分布式會(huì)話管理 - 支持橫向擴(kuò)展
- 精細(xì)化流量控制 - 保障系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定性
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