基于SpringBoot+Mybatis實現(xiàn)Mysql分表

更新時間：2025年04月07日 10:34:41 作者：ihgry

這篇文章主要為大家詳細介紹了基于SpringBoot+Mybatis實現(xiàn)Mysql分表的相關知識,文中的示例代碼講解詳細,感興趣的小伙伴可以跟隨小編一起學習一下

基本思路

1.根據(jù)創(chuàng)建時間字段按年進行分表，比如日志表log可以分為log_2024、log_2025

2.在需要進行插入、更新操作的地方利用threadlocal將數(shù)據(jù)表對應的Entity和創(chuàng)建時間放入當前的線程中，利用mybatis提供的攔截器在sql執(zhí)行前進行攔截，將threadlocal中的Entity類取出，根據(jù)類上標注的注解獲取要操作的表名，再利用創(chuàng)建時間獲得最終要操作的實際表名，最后更換sql中的表名讓攔截器繼續(xù)執(zhí)行

定義注解

定義注解@ShardedTable，將該注解標注在數(shù)據(jù)表對應的Entity類上，比如User類上

/**
 * 分表注解
 */
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
public @interface ShardedTable {

    // 表名前綴
    String prefix();

}

@ShardedTable(prefix = "user")
@TableName("user")
public class User {

    @TableId(type = IdType.AUTO)
    private Integer id;

    private String name;

    private Integer age;

    public User(String name, Integer age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }
}

創(chuàng)建ThreadLocal

public class ShardingContext{
    private static final ThreadLocal<ShardingContext> CONTEXT = new ThreadLocal<>();

    private Class<?> entityClass; // 數(shù)據(jù)表對應的實體類
    private Date date;

    public static void setContext(Class<?> entityClass, Date date) {
        ShardingContext context = new ShardingContext();
        context.entityClass = entityClass;
        context.date = date;
        CONTEXT.set(context);
    }

    public static ShardingContext getContext() {
        return CONTEXT.get();
    }

    public static void clearContext() {
        CONTEXT.remove();
    }

    public Class<?> getEntityClass() {
        return entityClass;
    }

    public Date getDate() {
        return date;
    }
}

創(chuàng)建攔截器

@Component
@Intercepts({@Signature(type = StatementHandler.class, method = "prepare", args = {Connection.class,Integer.class})})
public class ShardingInterceptor implements Interceptor {

    @Autowired
    private ShardingStrategy shardingStrategy;

    @Override
    public Object intercept(Invocation invocation) throws Throwable {
        // 獲取原始SQL
        StatementHandler statementHandler = (StatementHandler) invocation.getTarget();
        BoundSql boundSql = statementHandler.getBoundSql();
        String originalSql =  boundSql.getSql();

        // 獲取當前操作的實體類
        ShardingContext context = ShardingContext.getContext();
        if (context != null){
            Class<?> entityClass = context.getEntityClass();
            Date date = context.getDate();
            ShardedTable annotation = entityClass.getAnnotation(ShardedTable.class);
            if (annotation != null) {
                // 設置新的sql,替換表名
                String baseTableName = annotation.prefix();
                String actualTableName = shardingStrategy.getTableName(User.class, date);
                String modifiedSql = originalSql.replace(baseTableName, actualTableName);
                setSql(boundSql, modifiedSql);

                // 將數(shù)據(jù)保存到原表，作為備份
                executeBackupInsert(statementHandler,originalSql);
            }
        }

        return invocation.proceed();
    }

    private void setSql(BoundSql boundSql, String sql) throws Exception {
        Field field = BoundSql.class.getDeclaredField("sql");
        field.setAccessible(true);
        field.set(boundSql, sql);
    }

    // 同時將數(shù)據(jù)保存到原表，作為備份
    private void executeBackupInsert(StatementHandler statementHandler, String backupSql) throws SQLException {
        Connection connection = null;
        PreparedStatement preparedStatement = null;
        try {
            // 通過反射獲取 MappedStatement
            MetaObject metaObject = SystemMetaObject.forObject(statementHandler);
            MappedStatement mappedStatement = (MappedStatement) metaObject.getValue("delegate.mappedStatement");

            connection = mappedStatement.getConfiguration().getEnvironment().getDataSource().getConnection();
            preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(backupSql);

            // 設置參數(shù)
            ParameterHandler parameterHandler = statementHandler.getParameterHandler();
            parameterHandler.setParameters(preparedStatement);

            preparedStatement.executeUpdate();
        } finally {
            if (preparedStatement != null) {
                preparedStatement.close();
            }
            if (connection != null) {
                connection.close();
            }
        }
    }

    @Override
    public Object plugin(Object target) {
        // 判斷是否為StatementHandler類型
        if (target instanceof StatementHandler){
            return Plugin.wrap(target, this);
        }else {
            return target;
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void setProperties(Properties properties) {
    }
}

獲取表名

@Component
public class ShardingStrategy {

    public String getTableName(Class<?> entityClass, Date date) {
        ShardedTable annotation = entityClass.getAnnotation(ShardedTable.class);
        if (annotation == null) {
            throw new RuntimeException("實體類必須使用@ShardedTable注解");
        }
        // 獲取分表前綴
        String tablePrefix = annotation.prefix();
        if (tablePrefix == null || tablePrefix.isEmpty()) {
            throw new RuntimeException("分表前綴不能為空");
        }
        // 獲取當前日期所在的年份
        int year = DateUtil.year(date);
        return tablePrefix + "_" + year;
    }
}

業(yè)務處理

在需要進行業(yè)務處理的地方，將數(shù)據(jù)表對應的Entity.class和創(chuàng)建時間通過threadlocal放入當前線程中，后面要根據(jù)這些信息獲取實際要操作的表名

public void insert(ServiceOrderLogEntity serviceOrderLogEntity) {
    ShardingContext.setContext(ServiceOrderLogEntity.class, serviceOrderLogEntity.getTime() == null ? new Date() : serviceOrderLogEntity.getTime());
    
    int result = serviceOrderLogMapper.insert(serviceOrderLogEntity);
    
    ShardingContext.clearContext();
}

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