SpringCloud Gateway 權限認證的實現(xiàn)

更新時間：2025年04月16日 12:03:06 作者：一個差不多的先生

Spring Cloud Gateway 作為網(wǎng)關層,承擔著請求轉發(fā)、權限校驗等重要職責,本文主要介紹了SpringCloud Gateway 權限認證的實現(xiàn),具有一定的參考價值,感興趣的可以了解一下

在微服務架構中，Spring Cloud Gateway 作為網(wǎng)關層，承擔著請求轉發(fā)、權限校驗等重要職責。通過集成 Spring Security 和 JWT（JSON Web Token），可以在網(wǎng)關層實現(xiàn)集中式的權限認證，確保系統(tǒng)的安全性和數(shù)據(jù)保護。以下是詳細的實現(xiàn)步驟：

一、添加依賴

在 Spring Boot 項目中，添加 Spring Cloud Gateway、Spring Security 和 JWT 相關依賴。以下是 pom.xml 的配置示例：

<dependencies>
    <!-- Spring Cloud Gateway -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-gateway</artifactId>
    </dependency>

    <!-- Spring Security -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
    </dependency>

    <!-- JWT Support -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId>
        <artifactId>jjwt-api</artifactId>
        <version>0.11.5</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId>
        <artifactId>jjwt-impl</artifactId>
        <version>0.11.5</version>
        <scope>runtime</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId>
        <artifactId>jjwt-jackson</artifactId>
        <version>0.11.5</version>
        <scope>runtime</scope>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

二、配置 Spring Security

在 Spring Cloud Gateway 中，使用 Spring Security 的 WebFlux 模塊來實現(xiàn)權限校驗。以下是一個典型的配置類：

@Configuration
@EnableWebFluxSecurity
public class SecurityConfig {

    @Bean
    public SecurityWebFilterChain securityWebFilterChain(ServerHttpSecurity http, JwtAuthenticationManager jwtAuthenticationManager) {
        http
            .csrf().disable() // 禁用 CSRF 保護
            .authorizeExchange(exchanges -> exchanges
                .pathMatchers("/login", "/register").permitAll() // 公開登錄和注冊接口
                .anyExchange().authenticated()) // 其他請求需要認證
            .addFilterAt(jwtAuthenticationFilter(jwtAuthenticationManager), SecurityWebFilterChain.class);

        return http.build();
    }

    private AuthenticationWebFilter jwtAuthenticationFilter(JwtAuthenticationManager jwtAuthenticationManager) {
        AuthenticationWebFilter filter = new AuthenticationWebFilter(jwtAuthenticationManager);
        filter.setServerAuthenticationConverter(new BearerTokenServerAuthenticationConverter());
        return filter;
    }
}

三、實現(xiàn) JWT 工具類

JWT 工具類用于生成和解析 JWT 令牌。以下是工具類的實現(xiàn)：

@Component
public class JwtUtil {
    private String secret = "yourSecretKey"; // 密鑰應存儲在安全的地方，避免硬編碼

    public Mono<String> extractUsername(String token) {
        return Mono.just(extractClaim(token, Claims::getSubject));
    }

    public Date extractExpiration(String token) {
        return extractClaim(token, Claims::getExpiration);
    }

    public <T> T extractClaim(String token, Function<Claims, T> claimsResolver) {
        final Claims claims = extractAllClaims(token);
        return claimsResolver.apply(claims);
    }

    private Claims extractAllClaims(String token) {
        return Jwts.parser().setSigningKey(secret).parseClaimsJws(token).getBody();
    }

    public Mono<String> generateToken(UserDetails userDetails) {
        Map<String, Object> claims = new HashMap<>();
        return Mono.just(createToken(claims, userDetails.getUsername()));
    }

    private String createToken(Map<String, Object> claims, String subject) {
        return Jwts.builder()
                .setClaims(claims)
                .setSubject(subject)
                .setIssuedAt(new Date(System.currentTimeMillis()))
                .setExpiration(new Date(System.currentTimeMillis() + 1000 * 60 * 60 * 10)) // 10小時過期
                .signWith(SignatureAlgorithm.HS256, secret)
                .compact();
    }

    public Mono<Boolean> validateToken(String token, UserDetails userDetails) {
        final String username = extractUsername(token).block();
        return Mono.just(username.equals(userDetails.getUsername()) && !isTokenExpired(token));
    }

    private Boolean isTokenExpired(String token) {
        return extractExpiration(token).before(new Date());
    }
}

四、實現(xiàn) JWT 認證管理器

JWT 認證管理器用于處理 JWT 的驗證邏輯：

@Component
public class JwtAuthenticationManager implements ReactiveAuthenticationManager {
    private final JwtUtil jwtUtil;
    private final UserDetailsService userDetailsService;

    public JwtAuthenticationManager(JwtUtil jwtUtil, UserDetailsService userDetailsService) {
        this.jwtUtil = jwtUtil;
        this.userDetailsService = userDetailsService;
    }

    @Override
    public Mono<Authentication> authenticate(Authentication authentication) {
        String token = (String) authentication.getCredentials();
        return jwtUtil.extractUsername(token)
                .flatMap(username -> {
                    if (jwtUtil.validateToken(token, userDetailsService.loadUserByUsername(username)).block()) {
                        UserDetails userDetails = userDetailsService.loadUserByUsername(username);
                        return Mono.just(new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(userDetails, token, userDetails.getAuthorities()));
                    } else {
                        return Mono.empty();
                    }
                });
    }
}

五、實現(xiàn) Bearer Token 轉換器

Bearer Token 轉換器用于從請求頭中提取 JWT 令牌：

public class BearerTokenServerAuthenticationConverter implements ServerAuthenticationConverter {
    @Override
    public Mono<Authentication> convert(ServerWebExchange exchange) {
        String authHeader = exchange.getRequest().getHeaders().getFirst("Authorization");
        if (authHeader != null && authHeader.startsWith("Bearer ")) {
            String token = authHeader.substring(7);
            return Mono.just(new BearerTokenAuthentication(token));
        }
        return Mono.empty();
    }
}

六、配置 Gateway 路由

在 application.yml 文件中配置路由規(guī)則：

spring:
  cloud:
    gateway:
      routes:
        - id: user-service
          uri: lb://USER-SERVICE
          predicates:
            - Path=/users/**
          filters:
            - JwtAuthenticationFilter