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iOS中實(shí)現(xiàn)音視頻合并的完整代碼

更新時間：2025年05月19日 10:35:31 作者：90后晨仔

在 iOS 中,合并音視頻通常涉及將多個音頻文件、視頻文件或音頻與視頻軌道組合成一個完整的媒體文件,以下是使用 AVFoundation 框架的詳細(xì)實(shí)現(xiàn)方案,涵蓋音頻合并、視頻合并以及音視頻合并的完整代碼示例,需要的朋友可以參考下

1. 音頻合并（多段音頻拼接）

將多個音頻文件（如 .mp3、.m4a）合并為一個音頻文件。

代碼示例

// 合并音頻文件（支持 .mp3/.m4a 等格式）
- (void)mergeAudioFiles:(NSArray<NSURL *> *)audioURLs completion:(void (^)(NSURL *outputURL, NSError *error))completion {
    // 1. 創(chuàng)建 AVMutableComposition 對象
    AVMutableComposition *composition = [AVMutableComposition composition];
    
    // 2. 添加音頻軌道
    AVMutableCompositionTrack *audioTrack = [composition addMutableTrackWithMediaType:AVMediaTypeAudio preferredTrackID:kCMPersistentTrackID_Invalid];
    
    // 3. 插入每個音頻文件到軌道中
    CMTime currentTime = kCMTimeZero;
    for (NSURL *url in audioURLs) {
        AVURLAsset *asset = [AVURLAsset URLAssetWithURL:url options:nil];
        AVAssetTrack *assetTrack = [[asset tracksWithMediaType:AVMediaTypeAudio] firstObject];
        [audioTrack insertTimeRange:CMTimeRangeMake(kCMTimeZero, asset.duration)
                         ofTrack:assetTrack
                          atTime:currentTime
                           error:nil];
        currentTime = CMTimeAdd(currentTime, asset.duration);
    }
    
    // 4. 導(dǎo)出合并后的音頻
    AVAssetExportSession *exportSession = [[AVAssetExportSession alloc] initWithAsset:composition presetName:AVAssetExportPresetAppleM4A];
    NSString *outputPath = [NSTemporaryDirectory() stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"mergedAudio.m4a"];
    exportSession.outputURL = [NSURL fileURLWithPath:outputPath];
    exportSession.outputFileType = AVFileTypeAppleM4A;
    
    [exportSession exportAsynchronouslyWithCompletionHandler:^{
        if (exportSession.status == AVAssetExportSessionStatusCompleted) {
            NSLog(@"音頻合并成功: %@", outputPath);
            if (completion) completion([NSURL fileURLWithPath:outputPath], nil);
        } else {
            NSError *error = exportSession.error;
            NSLog(@"音頻合并失敗: %@", error.localizedDescription);
            if (completion) completion(nil, error);
        }
    }];
}

使用方法

// 示例：合并兩個音頻文件
NSArray<NSURL *> *audioURLs = @[
    [NSURL fileURLWithPath:[[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"audio1" ofType:@"mp3"]],
    [NSURL fileURLWithPath:[[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"audio2" ofType:@"mp3"]]
];

[self mergeAudioFiles:audioURLs completion:^(NSURL *outputURL, NSError *error) {
    if (outputURL) {
        NSLog(@"合并后的音頻路徑: %@", outputURL.path);
    }
}];

2. 視頻合并（多段視頻拼接）

將多個視頻文件（如 .mp4）合并為一個視頻文件。

代碼示例

// 合并視頻文件（支持 .mp4 等格式）
- (void)mergeVideoFiles:(NSArray<NSURL *> *)videoURLs completion:(void (^)(NSURL *outputURL, NSError *error))completion {
    // 1. 創(chuàng)建 AVMutableComposition 對象
    AVMutableComposition *composition = [AVMutableComposition composition];
    
    // 2. 添加視頻軌道和音頻軌道
    AVMutableCompositionTrack *videoTrack = [composition addMutableTrackWithMediaType:AVMediaTypeVideo preferredTrackID:kCMPersistentTrackID_Invalid];
    AVMutableCompositionTrack *audioTrack = [composition addMutableTrackWithMediaType:AVMediaTypeAudio preferredTrackID:kCMPersistentTrackID_Invalid];
    
    // 3. 插入每個視頻文件到軌道中
    CMTime currentTime = kCMTimeZero;
    for (NSURL *url in videoURLs) {
        AVURLAsset *asset = [AVURLAsset URLAssetWithURL:url options:nil];
        AVAssetTrack *videoAssetTrack = [[asset tracksWithMediaType:AVMediaTypeVideo] firstObject];
        AVAssetTrack *audioAssetTrack = [[asset tracksWithMediaType:AVMediaTypeAudio] firstObject];
        
        [videoTrack insertTimeRange:CMTimeRangeMake(kCMTimeZero, asset.duration)
                         ofTrack:videoAssetTrack
                          atTime:currentTime
                           error:nil];
        [audioTrack insertTimeRange:CMTimeRangeMake(kCMTimeZero, asset.duration)
                         ofTrack:audioAssetTrack
                          atTime:currentTime
                           error:nil];
        currentTime = CMTimeAdd(currentTime, asset.duration);
    }
    
    // 4. 導(dǎo)出合并后的視頻
    AVAssetExportSession *exportSession = [[AVAssetExportSession alloc] initWithAsset:composition presetName:AVAssetExportPresetHighestQuality];
    NSString *outputPath = [NSTemporaryDirectory() stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"mergedVideo.mp4"];
    exportSession.outputURL = [NSURL fileURLWithPath:outputPath];
    exportSession.outputFileType = AVFileTypeMPEG4;
    
    [exportSession exportAsynchronouslyWithCompletionHandler:^{
        if (exportSession.status == AVAssetExportSessionStatusCompleted) {
            NSLog(@"視頻合并成功: %@", outputPath);
            if (completion) completion([NSURL fileURLWithPath:outputPath], nil);
        } else {
            NSError *error = exportSession.error;
            NSLog(@"視頻合并失敗: %@", error.localizedDescription);
            if (completion) completion(nil, error);
        }
    }];
}

使用方法

// 示例：合并兩個視頻文件
NSArray<NSURL *> *videoURLs = @[
    [NSURL fileURLWithPath:[[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"video1" ofType:@"mp4"]],
    [NSURL fileURLWithPath:[[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"video2" ofType:@"mp4"]]
];

[self mergeVideoFiles:videoURLs completion:^(NSURL *outputURL, NSError *error) {
    if (outputURL) {
        NSLog(@"合并后的視頻路徑: %@", outputURL.path);
    }
}];

3. 音視頻合并（將音頻與視頻組合）

將獨(dú)立的音頻文件和視頻文件合并為一個包含音視頻的媒體文件。

代碼示例

// 合并音頻與視頻
- (void)mergeAudio:(NSURL *)audioURL withVideo:(NSURL *)videoURL completion:(void (^)(NSURL *outputURL, NSError *error))completion {
    // 1. 創(chuàng)建 AVMutableComposition 對象
    AVMutableComposition *composition = [AVMutableComposition composition];
    
    // 2. 添加視頻軌道
    AVMutableCompositionTrack *videoTrack = [composition addMutableTrackWithMediaType:AVMediaTypeVideo preferredTrackID:kCMPersistentTrackID_Invalid];
    AVURLAsset *videoAsset = [AVURLAsset URLAssetWithURL:videoURL options:nil];
    AVAssetTrack *videoAssetTrack = [[videoAsset tracksWithMediaType:AVMediaTypeVideo] firstObject];
    [videoTrack insertTimeRange:CMTimeRangeMake(kCMTimeZero, videoAsset.duration)
                     ofTrack:videoAssetTrack
                      atTime:kCMTimeZero
                       error:nil];
    
    // 3. 添加音頻軌道
    AVMutableCompositionTrack *audioTrack = [composition addMutableTrackWithMediaType:AVMediaTypeAudio preferredTrackID:kCMPersistentTrackID_Invalid];
    AVURLAsset *audioAsset = [AVURLAsset URLAssetWithURL:audioURL options:nil];
    AVAssetTrack *audioAssetTrack = [[audioAsset tracksWithMediaType:AVMediaTypeAudio] firstObject];
    [audioTrack insertTimeRange:CMTimeRangeMake(kCMTimeZero, audioAsset.duration)
                     ofTrack:audioAssetTrack
                      atTime:kCMTimeZero
                       error:nil];
    
    // 4. 導(dǎo)出合并后的音視頻
    AVAssetExportSession *exportSession = [[AVAssetExportSession alloc] initWithAsset:composition presetName:AVAssetExportPresetHighestQuality];
    NSString *outputPath = [NSTemporaryDirectory() stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"mergedMedia.mp4"];
    exportSession.outputURL = [NSURL fileURLWithPath:outputPath];
    exportSession.outputFileType = AVFileTypeMPEG4;
    
    [exportSession exportAsynchronouslyWithCompletionHandler:^{
        if (exportSession.status == AVAssetExportSessionStatusCompleted) {
            NSLog(@"音視頻合并成功: %@", outputPath);
            if (completion) completion([NSURL fileURLWithPath:outputPath], nil);
        } else {
            NSError *error = exportSession.error;
            NSLog(@"音視頻合并失敗: %@", error.localizedDescription);
            if (completion) completion(nil, error);
        }
    }];
}

使用方法

// 示例：合并一個音頻和一個視頻文件
NSURL *audioURL = [NSURL fileURLWithPath:[[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"backgroundMusic" ofType:@"mp3"]];
NSURL *videoURL = [NSURL fileURLWithPath:[[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"video" ofType:@"mp4"]];

[self mergeAudio:audioURL withVideo:videoURL completion:^(NSURL *outputURL, NSError *error) {
    if (outputURL) {
        NSLog(@"合并后的音視頻路徑: %@", outputURL.path);
    }
}];

4. 注意事項(xiàng)

采樣率與編碼格式
- 合并音頻時，確保所有音頻文件的采樣率（如 44.1kHz）一致，否則需要先進(jìn)行重采樣。
- 合并視頻時，確保所有視頻的分辨率、幀率一致，否則需調(diào)整為統(tǒng)一參數(shù)。
性能優(yōu)化
- 使用 AVAssetExportSession 的 AVAssetExportPresetLowQuality 或 AVAssetExportPresetMediumQuality 降低導(dǎo)出質(zhì)量以加快處理速度。
- 大文件合并時，建議分段處理或使用后臺線程。
錯誤處理
- 檢查 AVAssetExportSession.status 和 error 信息，確保合并過程穩(wěn)定。
資源釋放
- 合并完成后，刪除臨時文件以釋放存儲空間。