Java實(shí)現(xiàn)發(fā)起HTTP請(qǐng)求的四種方法實(shí)現(xiàn)與適用場(chǎng)景
使用HttpURLConnection(原生API)
HttpURLConnection是Java標(biāo)準(zhǔn)庫(kù)提供的HTTP客戶端,適合簡(jiǎn)單請(qǐng)求。
public class HttpUrlConnectionExample { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { URL url = new URL("https://api.example.com/data"); HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(); conn.setRequestMethod("GET"); int responseCode = conn.getResponseCode(); BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(conn.getInputStream())); String inputLine; StringBuilder response = new StringBuilder(); while ((inputLine = in.readLine()) != null) { response.append(inputLine); } in.close(); System.out.println(response.toString()); } }
使用Apache HttpClient
Apache HttpClient是功能更豐富的第三方庫(kù),適合復(fù)雜場(chǎng)景。
public class ApacheHttpClientExample { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault(); HttpGet request = new HttpGet("https://api.example.com/data"); try (CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(request)) { String result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity()); System.out.println(result); } } }
使用OkHttp
OkHttp是Square開(kāi)發(fā)的現(xiàn)代HTTP客戶端,性能優(yōu)異且API簡(jiǎn)潔。
public class OkHttpExample { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient(); Request request = new Request.Builder() .url("https://api.example.com/data") .build(); try (Response response = client.newCall(request).execute()) { System.out.println(response.body().string()); } } }
使用Java 11+的HttpClient
Java 11引入的新HTTP客戶端,支持異步和HTTP/2。
public class Java11HttpClientExample { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { HttpClient client = HttpClient.newHttpClient(); HttpRequest request = HttpRequest.newBuilder() .uri(URI.create("https://api.example.com/data")) .build(); HttpResponse<String> response = client.send( request, HttpResponse.BodyHandlers.ofString()); System.out.println(response.body()); } }
處理POST請(qǐng)求(以O(shè)kHttp為例)
POST請(qǐng)求需要構(gòu)建請(qǐng)求體,以下是JSON提交示例。
public class OkHttpPostExample { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient(); MediaType JSON = MediaType.get("application/json; charset=utf-8"); String jsonBody = "{\"name\":\"John\", \"age\":30}"; Request request = new Request.Builder() .url("https://api.example.com/post") .post(RequestBody.create(jsonBody, JSON)) .build(); try (Response response = client.newCall(request).execute()) { System.out.println(response.body().string()); } } }
總結(jié)對(duì)比
方法 | 特點(diǎn) | 適用場(chǎng)景 |
---|---|---|
HttpURLConnection | 原生支持,無(wú)需依賴(lài) | 簡(jiǎn)單GET/POST請(qǐng)求 |
Apache HttpClient | 功能全面,支持連接池 | 企業(yè)級(jí)復(fù)雜HTTP交互 |
OkHttp | 高性能,簡(jiǎn)潔API | 移動(dòng)端/高性能需求 |
Java 11 HttpClient | 現(xiàn)代API,支持異步和HTTP/2 | Java 11+項(xiàng)目 |
可根據(jù)項(xiàng)目實(shí)際需求選擇合適的方法。在現(xiàn)代項(xiàng)目推薦使用OkHttp或Java 11+ HttpClient。
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