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Java實(shí)現(xiàn)發(fā)起HTTP請求的四種方法實(shí)現(xiàn)與適用場景

更新時間：2025年06月09日 11:21:11 作者：超級小忍

Java中發(fā)起HTTP請求有多種方式,包括原生庫、第三方庫及現(xiàn)代API,以下是常見的幾種實(shí)現(xiàn)方法,本文介紹了它們的具體實(shí)現(xiàn)代碼以及性能適用場景,感興趣的可以了解下

使用HttpURLConnection（原生API）

HttpURLConnection是Java標(biāo)準(zhǔn)庫提供的HTTP客戶端，適合簡單請求。

public class HttpUrlConnectionExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        URL url = new URL("https://api.example.com/data");
        HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
        conn.setRequestMethod("GET");
        
        int responseCode = conn.getResponseCode();
        BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(conn.getInputStream()));
        String inputLine;
        StringBuilder response = new StringBuilder();
        
        while ((inputLine = in.readLine()) != null) {
            response.append(inputLine);
        }
        in.close();
        System.out.println(response.toString());
    }
}

使用Apache HttpClient

Apache HttpClient是功能更豐富的第三方庫，適合復(fù)雜場景。

public class ApacheHttpClientExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
        HttpGet request = new HttpGet("https://api.example.com/data");
        
        try (CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(request)) {
            String result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());
            System.out.println(result);
        }
    }
}

使用OkHttp

OkHttp是Square開發(fā)的現(xiàn)代HTTP客戶端，性能優(yōu)異且API簡潔。

public class OkHttpExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();
        Request request = new Request.Builder()
            .url("https://api.example.com/data")
            .build();
        
        try (Response response = client.newCall(request).execute()) {
            System.out.println(response.body().string());
        }
    }
}

使用Java 11+的HttpClient

Java 11引入的新HTTP客戶端，支持異步和HTTP/2。

public class Java11HttpClientExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        HttpClient client = HttpClient.newHttpClient();
        HttpRequest request = HttpRequest.newBuilder()
            .uri(URI.create("https://api.example.com/data"))
            .build();
        
        HttpResponse<String> response = client.send(
            request, HttpResponse.BodyHandlers.ofString());
        System.out.println(response.body());
    }
}

處理POST請求（以O(shè)kHttp為例）

POST請求需要構(gòu)建請求體，以下是JSON提交示例。

public class OkHttpPostExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();
        MediaType JSON = MediaType.get("application/json; charset=utf-8");
        String jsonBody = "{\"name\":\"John\", \"age\":30}";
        
        Request request = new Request.Builder()
            .url("https://api.example.com/post")
            .post(RequestBody.create(jsonBody, JSON))
            .build();
        
        try (Response response = client.newCall(request).execute()) {
            System.out.println(response.body().string());
        }
    }
}

總結(jié)對比

方法	特點(diǎn)	適用場景
HttpURLConnection	原生支持，無需依賴	簡單GET/POST請求
Apache HttpClient	功能全面，支持連接池	企業(yè)級復(fù)雜HTTP交互
OkHttp	高性能，簡潔API	移動端/高性能需求
Java 11 HttpClient	現(xiàn)代API，支持異步和HTTP/2	Java 11+項(xiàng)目

可根據(jù)項(xiàng)目實(shí)際需求選擇合適的方法。在現(xiàn)代項(xiàng)目推薦使用OkHttp或Java 11+ HttpClient。

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