SpringBoot實現(xiàn)Redis多數(shù)據(jù)庫切換(多數(shù)據(jù)源配置)

更新時間：2025年07月09日 08:40:58 作者：Anfioo

在實際開發(fā)中,隨著業(yè)務(wù)復(fù)雜度提升,我們常常會遇到?Redis?需要按不同業(yè)務(wù)模塊分庫管理的需求,本文將以?Spring?Boot?為例,教大家如何優(yōu)雅地實現(xiàn)?Redis?多數(shù)據(jù)庫（多數(shù)據(jù)源）切換,需要的可以了解下

在實際開發(fā)中，隨著業(yè)務(wù)復(fù)雜度提升，我們常常會遇到 Redis 需要按不同業(yè)務(wù)模塊（如認證、聊天等）分庫管理的需求。這樣做可以實現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)隔離、便于運維和擴展。本文將以 Spring Boot 為例，手把手教你如何優(yōu)雅地實現(xiàn) Redis 多數(shù)據(jù)庫（多數(shù)據(jù)源）切換。

效果展示

這里只是范例，大家拿到我的實現(xiàn)即可集成到項目中

接口Auth和Chat使用了不同的redis庫

配置了不同的redis庫

Auth

發(fā)送請求并拿到redis的鍵值

并出現(xiàn)在redis數(shù)據(jù)庫1中

正常拿到數(shù)據(jù)

Chat

發(fā)送請求并拿到redis的鍵值

并出現(xiàn)在redis數(shù)據(jù)庫2中

正常拿到數(shù)據(jù)

實現(xiàn)了不同的redis數(shù)據(jù)庫

需求場景

假設(shè)我們有如下需求：

auth 業(yè)務(wù)使用 Redis 的第 1 號數(shù)據(jù)庫（database=1）
chat 業(yè)務(wù)使用 Redis 的第 2 號數(shù)據(jù)庫（database=2）
還有一個默認 Redis（database=0）供其他業(yè)務(wù)使用

我們希望通過配置和代碼實現(xiàn)，能夠靈活地在不同 Redis 數(shù)據(jù)庫間切換和操作。

配置文件編寫

首先，在 application-redis.yml 中分別配置不同的 Redis 數(shù)據(jù)源：

spring:
  data:
    redis:
      host: localhost
      port: 6379
      database: 0 # 默認 Redis，JWT 用

    auth-redis:
      host: localhost
      port: 6379
      database: 1 # 默認 Redis，JWT 用

    chat-redis:
      host: localhost
      port: 6379
      database: 2  # 用于 ChatHistory

屬性類封裝

為每個自定義 Redis 數(shù)據(jù)源編寫屬性類，方便后續(xù)自動注入：

AuthRedisProperties.java

package com.anfioo.common.bean;

import lombok.Data;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.data.auth-redis")
@Data
public class AuthRedisProperties {
    private String host;
    private int port;
    private int database;
}

ChatRedisProperties.java

package com.anfioo.common.bean;

import lombok.Data;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.data.chat-redis")
@Data
public class ChatRedisProperties {
    private String host;
    private int port;
    private int database;
}

多數(shù)據(jù)源 Redis 配置

核心配置類如下：

RedisConfig.java

package com.anfioo.admin.config;

import com.anfioo.common.bean.AuthRedisProperties;
import com.anfioo.common.bean.ChatRedisProperties;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonAutoDetect;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.PropertyAccessor;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.SerializationFeature;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.jsontype.impl.LaissezFaireSubTypeValidator;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.datatype.jsr310.JavaTimeModule;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisProperties;
import org.springframework.cache.CacheManager;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.EnableCaching;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Primary;
import org.springframework.data.redis.cache.RedisCacheConfiguration;
import org.springframework.data.redis.cache.RedisCacheManager;
import org.springframework.data.redis.connection.RedisConnectionFactory;
import org.springframework.data.redis.connection.RedisStandaloneConfiguration;
import org.springframework.data.redis.connection.lettuce.LettuceConnectionFactory;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.script.DefaultRedisScript;
import org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer;
import org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.RedisSerializationContext;
import org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.StringRedisSerializer;
import java.time.Duration;

/**
 * Redis配置類，啟用Spring Cache并定義多個Redis實例和模板
 */
@Configuration
@EnableCaching
public class RedisConfig {

    // ======================= 默認 Redis (database=0) =======================

    /**
     * 創(chuàng)建默認Redis連接工廠
     * @param redisProperties Redis屬性配置
     * @return LettuceConnectionFactory實例
     */
    @Primary
    @Bean(name = "defaultRedisConnectionFactory")
    public LettuceConnectionFactory defaultRedisConnectionFactory(RedisProperties redisProperties) {
        RedisStandaloneConfiguration config = new RedisStandaloneConfiguration();
        config.setHostName(redisProperties.getHost());
        config.setPort(redisProperties.getPort());
        config.setDatabase(redisProperties.getDatabase());
        return new LettuceConnectionFactory(config);
    }

    /**
     * 創(chuàng)建默認Redis模板
     * @param factory Redis連接工廠
     * @return RedisTemplate實例
     */
    @Primary
    @Bean(name = "defaultRedisTemplate")
    public RedisTemplate<Object, Object> defaultRedisTemplate(
            @Qualifier("defaultRedisConnectionFactory") RedisConnectionFactory factory) {
        return createRedisTemplate(factory);
    }

    /**
     * Spring Cache使用的CacheManager（綁定 defaultRedis database=0）
     * @param factory Redis連接工廠
     * @return CacheManager實例
     */
    @Primary
    @Bean
    public CacheManager cacheManager(@Qualifier("defaultRedisConnectionFactory") RedisConnectionFactory factory) {
        RedisCacheConfiguration config = RedisCacheConfiguration.defaultCacheConfig()
                .entryTtl(Duration.ofHours(1))
                .serializeKeysWith(RedisSerializationContext.SerializationPair.fromSerializer(new StringRedisSerializer()))
                .serializeValuesWith(RedisSerializationContext.SerializationPair.fromSerializer(
                        new Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer<>(Object.class)));
        return RedisCacheManager.builder(factory).cacheDefaults(config).build();
    }

    // ======================= Auth Redis (database=1) =======================

    /**
     * 創(chuàng)建Auth Redis連接工廠
     * @param properties Auth Redis屬性配置
     * @return LettuceConnectionFactory實例
     */
    @Bean(name = "authRedisConnectionFactory")
    public LettuceConnectionFactory authRedisConnectionFactory(AuthRedisProperties properties) {
        RedisStandaloneConfiguration config = new RedisStandaloneConfiguration();
        config.setHostName(properties.getHost());
        config.setPort(properties.getPort());
        config.setDatabase(properties.getDatabase());
        return new LettuceConnectionFactory(config);
    }

    /**
     * 創(chuàng)建Auth Redis模板
     * @param factory Redis連接工廠
     * @return RedisTemplate實例
     */
    @Bean(name = "authRedisTemplate")
    public RedisTemplate<Object, Object> authRedisTemplate(
            @Qualifier("authRedisConnectionFactory") RedisConnectionFactory factory) {
        return createRedisTemplate(factory);
    }

    // ======================= Chat Redis (database=2) =======================

    /**
     * 創(chuàng)建Chat Redis連接工廠
     * @param properties Chat Redis屬性配置
     * @return LettuceConnectionFactory實例
     */
    @Bean(name = "chatRedisConnectionFactory")
    public LettuceConnectionFactory chatRedisConnectionFactory(ChatRedisProperties properties) {
        RedisStandaloneConfiguration config = new RedisStandaloneConfiguration();
        config.setHostName(properties.getHost());
        config.setPort(properties.getPort());
        config.setDatabase(properties.getDatabase());
        return new LettuceConnectionFactory(config);
    }

    /**
     * 創(chuàng)建Chat Redis模板
     * @param factory Redis連接工廠
     * @return RedisTemplate實例
     */
    @Bean(name = "chatRedisTemplate")
    public RedisTemplate<Object, Object> chatRedisTemplate(
            @Qualifier("chatRedisConnectionFactory") RedisConnectionFactory factory) {
        return createRedisTemplate(factory);
    }

    // ======================= 公共 RedisTemplate 構(gòu)造方法 =======================

    /**
     * 創(chuàng)建RedisTemplate實例
     * @param connectionFactory Redis連接工廠
     * @return RedisTemplate實例
     */
    private RedisTemplate<Object, Object> createRedisTemplate(RedisConnectionFactory connectionFactory) {
        RedisTemplate<Object, Object> template = new RedisTemplate<>();
        template.setConnectionFactory(connectionFactory);

        ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
        objectMapper.setVisibility(PropertyAccessor.ALL, JsonAutoDetect.Visibility.ANY);
        objectMapper.activateDefaultTyping(LaissezFaireSubTypeValidator.instance, ObjectMapper.DefaultTyping.NON_FINAL);
        objectMapper.disable(SerializationFeature.FAIL_ON_EMPTY_BEANS);
        objectMapper.registerModule(new JavaTimeModule());
        objectMapper.disable(SerializationFeature.WRITE_DATES_AS_TIMESTAMPS);

        Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer<Object> jacksonSerializer = new Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer<>(objectMapper, Object.class);

        template.setKeySerializer(new StringRedisSerializer());
        template.setValueSerializer(jacksonSerializer);
        template.setHashKeySerializer(new StringRedisSerializer());
        template.setHashValueSerializer(jacksonSerializer);

        template.afterPropertiesSet();
        return template;
    }

    // ======================= 限流 Lua 腳本 =======================

    /**
     * 創(chuàng)建限流Lua腳本
     * @return DefaultRedisScript實例
     */
    @Bean
    public DefaultRedisScript<Long> limitScript() {
        DefaultRedisScript<Long> redisScript = new DefaultRedisScript<>();
        redisScript.setScriptText(limitScriptText());
        redisScript.setResultType(Long.class);
        return redisScript;
    }

    /**
     * 限流Lua腳本文本
     * @return Lua腳本字符串
     */
    private String limitScriptText() {
        return "local key = KEYS[1]\n" +
                "local count = tonumber(ARGV[1])\n" +
                "local time = tonumber(ARGV[2])\n" +
                "local current = redis.call('get', key);\n" +
                "if current and tonumber(current) > count then\n" +
                "    return tonumber(current);\n" +
                "end\n" +
                "current = redis.call('incr', key)\n" +
                "if tonumber(current) == 1 then\n" +
                "    redis.call('expire', key, time)\n" +
                "end\n" +
                "return tonumber(current);";
    }
}

要點說明：

每個 Redis 數(shù)據(jù)庫都對應(yīng)一個 LettuceConnectionFactory 和一個 RedisTemplate。
通過 @Qualifier 注解區(qū)分不同的 Bean。
@Primary 標(biāo)注默認 Redis，Spring Cache 相關(guān)功能會自動使用它。

工具類封裝

為了方便業(yè)務(wù)調(diào)用，我們可以為每個 Redis 數(shù)據(jù)源封裝一個工具類，繼承自通用的 RedisCache：

RedisCache.java（通用工具類，支持常用操作，參考ruoyi實現(xiàn)）

package com.anfioo.common.utils;

import org.springframework.data.redis.core.BoundSetOperations;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.HashOperations;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.ValueOperations;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import java.util.*;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

/**
 * spring redis 工具類
 *
 * @author ruoyi
 **/
@SuppressWarnings(value = {"unchecked", "rawtypes"})
@Component
public class RedisCache {

    private final RedisTemplate redisTemplate;

    public RedisCache(RedisTemplate redisTemplate) {
        this.redisTemplate = redisTemplate;
    }

    /**
     * 緩存基本的對象，Integer、String、實體類等
     *
     * @param key   緩存的鍵值
     * @param value 緩存的值
     */
    public <T> void setCacheObject(final String key, final T value) {
        redisTemplate.opsForValue().set(key, value);
    }

    /**
     * 緩存基本的對象，Integer、String、實體類等
     *
     * @param key      緩存的鍵值
     * @param value    緩存的值
     * @param timeout  時間
     * @param timeUnit 時間顆粒度
     */
    public <T> void setCacheObject(final String key, final T value, final Integer timeout, final TimeUnit timeUnit) {
        redisTemplate.opsForValue().set(key, value, timeout, timeUnit);
    }

    /**
     * 設(shè)置有效時間
     *
     * @param key     Redis鍵
     * @param timeout 超時時間
     * @return true=設(shè)置成功；false=設(shè)置失敗
     */
    public boolean expire(final String key, final long timeout) {
        return expire(key, timeout, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
    }

    /**
     * 設(shè)置有效時間
     *
     * @param key     Redis鍵
     * @param timeout 超時時間
     * @param unit    時間單位
     * @return true=設(shè)置成功；false=設(shè)置失敗
     */
    public boolean expire(final String key, final long timeout, final TimeUnit unit) {
        return redisTemplate.expire(key, timeout, unit);
    }

    /**
     * 獲取有效時間
     *
     * @param key Redis鍵
     * @return 有效時間
     */
    public long getExpire(final String key) {
        return redisTemplate.getExpire(key);
    }

    /**
     * 判斷 key是否存在
     *
     * @param key 鍵
     * @return true 存在 false不存在
     */
    public Boolean hasKey(String key) {
        return redisTemplate.hasKey(key);
    }

    /**
     * 獲得緩存的基本對象。
     *
     * @param key 緩存鍵值
     * @return 緩存鍵值對應(yīng)的數(shù)據(jù)
     */
    public <T> T getCacheObject(final String key) {
        ValueOperations<String, T> operation = redisTemplate.opsForValue();
        return operation.get(key);
    }

    /**
     * 刪除單個對象
     *
     * @param key
     */
    public boolean deleteObject(final String key) {
        return redisTemplate.delete(key);
    }

    /**
     * 刪除集合對象
     *
     * @param collection 多個對象
     * @return
     */
    public boolean deleteObject(final Collection collection) {
        return redisTemplate.delete(collection) > 0;
    }

    /**
     * 緩存List數(shù)據(jù)
     *
     * @param key      緩存的鍵值
     * @param dataList 待緩存的List數(shù)據(jù)
     * @return 緩存的對象
     */
    public <T> long setCacheList(final String key, final List<T> dataList) {
        Long count = redisTemplate.opsForList().rightPushAll(key, dataList);
        return count == null ? 0 : count;
    }

    /**
     * 獲得緩存的list對象
     *
     * @param key 緩存的鍵值
     * @return 緩存鍵值對應(yīng)的數(shù)據(jù)
     */
    public <T> List<T> getCacheList(final String key) {
        return redisTemplate.opsForList().range(key, 0, -1);
    }

    /**
     * 緩存Set
     *
     * @param key     緩存鍵值
     * @param dataSet 緩存的數(shù)據(jù)
     * @return 緩存數(shù)據(jù)的對象
     */
    public <T> BoundSetOperations<String, T> setCacheSet(final String key, final Set<T> dataSet) {
        BoundSetOperations<String, T> setOperation = redisTemplate.boundSetOps(key);
        Iterator<T> it = dataSet.iterator();
        while (it.hasNext()) {
            setOperation.add(it.next());
        }
        return setOperation;
    }

    /**
     * 獲得緩存的set
     *
     * @param key
     * @return
     */
    public <T> Set<T> getCacheSet(final String key) {
        return redisTemplate.opsForSet().members(key);
    }

    /**
     * 緩存Map
     *
     * @param key
     * @param dataMap
     */
    public <T> void setCacheMap(final String key, final Map<String, T> dataMap) {
        if (dataMap != null) {
            redisTemplate.opsForHash().putAll(key, dataMap);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 獲得緩存的Map
     *
     * @param key
     * @return
     */
    public <T> Map<String, T> getCacheMap(final String key) {
        return redisTemplate.opsForHash().entries(key);
    }

    /**
     * 往Hash中存入數(shù)據(jù)
     *
     * @param key   Redis鍵
     * @param hKey  Hash鍵
     * @param value 值
     */
    public <T> void setCacheMapValue(final String key, final String hKey, final T value) {
        redisTemplate.opsForHash().put(key, hKey, value);
    }

    /**
     * 獲取Hash中的數(shù)據(jù)
     *
     * @param key  Redis鍵
     * @param hKey Hash鍵
     * @return Hash中的對象
     */
    public <T> T getCacheMapValue(final String key, final String hKey) {
        HashOperations<String, String, T> opsForHash = redisTemplate.opsForHash();
        return opsForHash.get(key, hKey);
    }

    /**
     * 獲取多個Hash中的數(shù)據(jù)
     *
     * @param key   Redis鍵
     * @param hKeys Hash鍵集合
     * @return Hash對象集合
     */
    public <T> List<T> getMultiCacheMapValue(final String key, final Collection<Object> hKeys) {
        return redisTemplate.opsForHash().multiGet(key, hKeys);
    }

    /**
     * 刪除Hash中的某條數(shù)據(jù)
     *
     * @param key  Redis鍵
     * @param hKey Hash鍵
     * @return 是否成功
     */
    public boolean deleteCacheMapValue(final String key, final String hKey) {
        return redisTemplate.opsForHash().delete(key, hKey) > 0;
    }

    /**
     * 獲得緩存的基本對象列表
     *
     * @param pattern 字符串前綴
     * @return 對象列表
     */
    public Collection<String> keys(final String pattern) {
        return redisTemplate.keys(pattern);
    }
}

AuthRedisCache.java

package com.anfioo.common.utils;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class AuthRedisCache extends RedisCache {

    public AuthRedisCache(@Qualifier("authRedisTemplate") RedisTemplate redisTemplate) {
        super(redisTemplate);
    }
}

ChatRedisCache.java

package com.anfioo.common.utils;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class ChatRedisCache extends RedisCache {
    public ChatRedisCache(@Qualifier("chatRedisTemplate") RedisTemplate redisTemplate) {
        super(redisTemplate);
    }
}

這樣，業(yè)務(wù)層只需注入 AuthRedisCache 或 ChatRedisCache，即可操作對應(yīng)的 Redis 數(shù)據(jù)庫。

業(yè)務(wù)調(diào)用示例

以 Controller 為例，演示如何分別操作不同 Redis 數(shù)據(jù)庫：

package com.anfioo.sys.controller;

import com.anfioo.common.core.ApiResponse;
import com.anfioo.common.core.BaseController;
import com.anfioo.sys.service.RedisDemoService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/redis-demo")
public class RedisDemoController extends BaseController {
    @Autowired
    private RedisDemoService redisDemoService;

    @PostMapping("/create-auth")
    public ApiResponse<String> setAuthRedis() {
        String s = redisDemoService.setAuthRedisValue();
        return success(s);
    }

    @PostMapping("/create-chat")
    public ApiResponse<String> setChatRedis() {
        String s = redisDemoService.setChatRedisValue();
        return success(s);
    }

    @GetMapping("/auth/{id}")
    public ApiResponse<String> getAuthRedis(@PathVariable String id) {
        String value = redisDemoService.getAuthRedisValueById(id);
        return success(value);
    }

    @GetMapping("/chat/{id}")
    public ApiResponse<String> getChatRedis(@PathVariable String id) {
        String value = redisDemoService.getChatRedisValueById(id);
        return success(value);
    }
}

對應(yīng)Service和其實現(xiàn)類

package com.anfioo.sys.service.impl;

import java.util.ArrayList;

import com.anfioo.common.utils.AuthRedisCache;
import com.anfioo.common.utils.ChatRedisCache;
import com.anfioo.sys.service.RedisDemoService;
import lombok.Data;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.UUID;

@Service
public class RedisDemoServiceImpl implements RedisDemoService {
    @Autowired
    private AuthRedisCache authRedisCache;

    @Autowired
    private ChatRedisCache chatRedisCache;

    private static final String LOGIN_PREFIX = "login_token:";
    private static final String CHAT_PREFIX = "chat_token:";

    @Override
    public String setAuthRedisValue() {
        //todo  獲取生成的jwt等等，驗證登錄成功與否 ，看你的設(shè)計，
        //todo 鍵 - 可以使用唯一uuid 值 -你要放入的緩存的值

        String AuthId = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
        String redisKey = LOGIN_PREFIX + AuthId;

        YouSaveData youSaveData = new YouSaveData();
        youSaveData.setId("1");
        ArrayList<String> roles = new ArrayList<>();
        roles.add("user");
        roles.add("manager");
        youSaveData.setRole(roles);

        youSaveData.setUsername("Anfioo");
        youSaveData.setPassword("Anfioo666");

        authRedisCache.setCacheObject(redisKey, youSaveData);

        return AuthId;
    }

    @Override
    public String setChatRedisValue() {
        String chatId = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
        String redisKey = CHAT_PREFIX + chatId;

        YouSaveChat youSaveChat = new YouSaveChat();
        youSaveChat.setChatId(chatId);
        ArrayList<String> members = new ArrayList<>();
        members.add("userA");
        members.add("userB");
        youSaveChat.setMembers(members);
        youSaveChat.setChatName("Anfioo聊天室");
        youSaveChat.setLastMessage("Hello, world!");

        chatRedisCache.setCacheObject(redisKey, youSaveChat);

        return chatId;
    }

    @Override
    public String getAuthRedisValueById(String id) {
        String redisKey = LOGIN_PREFIX + id;
        Object obj = authRedisCache.getCacheObject(redisKey);
        return obj != null ? obj.toString() : null;
    }

    @Override
    public String getChatRedisValueById(String id) {
        String redisKey = CHAT_PREFIX + id;
        Object obj = chatRedisCache.getCacheObject(redisKey);
        return obj != null ? obj.toString() : null;
    }


    @Data
    public static class YouSaveChat {
        private String chatId;
        private List<String> members;
        private String chatName;
        private String lastMessage;
    
    
    }

    @Data
    public static class YouSaveData {
        private String id;
        private List<String> role;
        private String username;
        private String password;
    
    
    }
}

package com.anfioo.sys.service;

public interface RedisDemoService {
    String setAuthRedisValue();
    String setChatRedisValue();
    String getAuthRedisValueById(String id);
    String getChatRedisValueById(String id);
}