Spring Boot集成Druid實現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)源管理與監(jiān)控的詳細步驟

更新時間：2025年07月09日 11:15:02 作者：夜影風

本文介紹如何在SpringBoot項目中集成Druid數(shù)據(jù)庫連接池,包括環(huán)境搭建、Maven依賴配置、SpringBoot配置文件設置及自定義配置,最后演示如何查看Druid監(jiān)控信息,感興趣的朋友一起看看吧

1. 引言

在程序員的日常工作中，經常需要編寫數(shù)據(jù)庫操作相關的程序，而這就需要數(shù)據(jù)連接池中間件用于管理數(shù)據(jù)庫連接。數(shù)據(jù)庫連接池負責分配、管理和釋放數(shù)據(jù)庫連接，它允許應用程序重復使用一個現(xiàn)有的數(shù)據(jù)庫連接，而不是再重新建立一個；釋放空閑時間超過最大空閑時間的數(shù)據(jù)庫連接來避免因為沒有釋放數(shù)據(jù)庫連接而引起的數(shù)據(jù)庫連接遺漏。通過數(shù)據(jù)庫連接池能明顯提高對數(shù)據(jù)庫操作的性能。在Java應用程序開發(fā)中，常用的連接池有DBCP、C3P0、Proxool等。

而在Spring Boot開發(fā)框架下，它默認提供了若干種可用的連接池，其中包括Druid連接池（來自于阿里系的一個開源連接池），除在連接池之外，Druid還提供了非常優(yōu)秀的數(shù)據(jù)庫監(jiān)控和擴展功能。在此，根據(jù)項目實踐中的應用，講解如何實現(xiàn)Spring Boot與Druid連接池的集成。

1.1 環(huán)境準備

JDK 1.8
Spring Boot 2.0.0.RELEASE
MySQL 5.7
Druid 1.1.9

1.2 Druid介紹

Druid是阿里開源的一個JDBC應用組件，其包括三部分：

DruidDriver 代理Driver，能夠提供基于Filter－Chain模式的插件體系。
DruidDataSource 高效可管理的數(shù)據(jù)庫連接池。
SQLParser SQL語法分析

通過Druid連接池中間件，我們可以實現(xiàn)：

可以監(jiān)控數(shù)據(jù)庫訪問性能，Druid內置提供了一個功能強大的StatFilter插件，能夠詳細統(tǒng)計SQL的執(zhí)行性能，這對于線上分析數(shù)據(jù)庫訪問性能有幫助。
替換傳統(tǒng)的DBCP和C3P0連接池中間件。Druid提供了一個高效、功能強大、可擴展性好的數(shù)據(jù)庫連接池。
數(shù)據(jù)庫密碼加密。直接把數(shù)據(jù)庫密碼寫在配置文件中，這是不好的行為，容易導致安全問題。DruidDruiver和DruidDataSource都支持PasswordCallback。
SQL執(zhí)行日志，Druid提供了不同的LogFilter，能夠支持Common-Logging、Log4j和JdkLog，你可以按需要選擇相應的LogFilter，監(jiān)控你應用的數(shù)據(jù)庫訪問情況。
擴展JDBC，如果你要對JDBC層有編程的需求，可以通過Druid提供的Filter-Chain機制，很方便編寫JDBC層的擴展插件。

關于Druid的更多詳細信息可以參考Druid官方文檔

2. 配置Druid連接池

（1）添加Maven依賴

<dependencies>
      ... 此處省略其他配置 ...
      <!-- Configuration Module -->
      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-configuration-processor</artifactId>
        <optional>true</optional>
      </dependency>
      <!-- MySQL Driver -->
      <dependency>
        <groupId>mysql</groupId>
        <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        <version>5.1.45</version>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
      </dependency>
      <!-- Druid Pool -->
      <dependency>
        <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
        <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
        <version>1.1.9</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>1.1.9</version>
      </dependency>
</dependencies>

（2） Spring Boot配置文件配置

Spring Boot配置文件有application.properties和application.yml兩種配置文件方式，此處采用的是application.yml的配置方式。

# Spring Datasource Settings
spring:
  datasource:
    name: druidDataSource
    type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
    druid:
      driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
      url: jdbc:mysql://192.168.202.17:3306/auth_service?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&autoReconnect=true&failOverReadOnly=false
      username: root
      password: 123456
      filters: stat,wall,log4j,config
      max-active: 100
      initial-size: 1
      max-wait: 60000
      min-idle: 1
      time-between-eviction-runs-millis: 60000
      min-evictable-idle-time-millis: 300000
      validation-query: select 'x'
      test-while-idle: true
      test-on-borrow: false
      test-on-return: false
      pool-prepared-statements: true
      max-open-prepared-statements: 50
      max-pool-prepared-statement-per-connection-size: 20

說明：
- spring.datasource.druid.max-active 最大連接數(shù)
- spring.datasource.druid.initial-size 初始化大小
- spring.datasource.druid.min-idle 最小連接數(shù)
- spring.datasource.druid.max-wait 獲取連接等待超時時間
- spring.datasource.druid.time-between-eviction-runs-millis 間隔多久才進行一次檢測，檢測需要關閉的空閑連接，單位是毫秒
- spring.datasource.druid.min-evictable-idle-time-millis 一個連接在池中最小生存的時間，單位是毫秒
- spring.datasource.druid.filters=config,stat,wall,log4j 配置監(jiān)控統(tǒng)計攔截的filters，去掉后監(jiān)控界面SQL無法進行統(tǒng)計，’wall’用于防火墻

Druid提供以下幾種Filter信息：

Filter類名	別名
default	com.alibaba.druid.filter.stat.StatFilter
stat	com.alibaba.druid.filter.stat.StatFilter
mergeStat	com.alibaba.druid.filter.stat.MergeStatFilter
encoding	com.alibaba.druid.filter.encoding.EncodingConvertFilter
log4j	com.alibaba.druid.filter.logging.Log4jFilter
log4j2	com.alibaba.druid.filter.logging.Log4j2Filter
slf4j	com.alibaba.druid.filter.logging.Slf4jLogFilter
commonlogging	com.alibaba.druid.filter.logging.CommonsLogFilter
wall	com.alibaba.druid.wall.WallFilter

（3） Druid配置信息定制

通過Druid-Spring-Boot-Starter可以自動完成相關的配置，而無須自定義配置文件，具體參考Druid-Spring-Boot-Starter。

通過Druid-Spring-Boot-Starter的Spring Boot配置信息示例：

spring:
  datasource:
    name: druidDataSource
    type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql://192.168.202.17:3306/auth_service?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&autoReconnect=true&failOverReadOnly=false
    username: root
    password: 123456
    druid:
      filters: stat,wall,log4j,config
      max-active: 100
      initial-size: 1
      max-wait: 60000
      min-idle: 1
      time-between-eviction-runs-millis: 60000
      min-evictable-idle-time-millis: 300000
      validation-query: select 'x'
      test-while-idle: true
      test-on-borrow: false
      test-on-return: false
      pool-prepared-statements: true
      max-open-prepared-statements: 50
      max-pool-prepared-statement-per-connection-size: 20

在此，主要通過定制的配置文件對Druid進行自定義屬性配置，配置文件如下：

package com.garyond.hurricane.config;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource.druid")
public class DruidDataSourceProperties {
    private String driverClassName;
    private String url;
    private String username;
    private String password;
    private int initialSize;
    private int minIdle;
    private int maxActive = 100;
    private long maxWait;
    private long timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis;
    private long minEvictableIdleTimeMillis;
    private String validationQuery;
    private boolean testWhileIdle;
    private boolean testOnBorrow;
    private boolean testOnReturn;
    private boolean poolPreparedStatements;
    private int maxPoolPreparedStatementPerConnectionSize;
    private String filters;
    public int getInitialSize() {
        return initialSize;
    }
    public void setInitialSize(int initialSize) {
        this.initialSize = initialSize;
    }
    public int getMinIdle() {
        return minIdle;
    }
    public void setMinIdle(int minIdle) {
        this.minIdle = minIdle;
    }
    public int getMaxActive() {
        return maxActive;
    }
    public void setMaxActive(int maxActive) {
        this.maxActive = maxActive;
    }
    public long getMaxWait() {
        return maxWait;
    }
    public void setMaxWait(long maxWait) {
        this.maxWait = maxWait;
    }
    public long getTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis() {
        return timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis;
    }
    public void setTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis(long timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis) {
        this.timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis = timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis;
    }
    public long getMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis() {
        return minEvictableIdleTimeMillis;
    }
    public void setMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis(long minEvictableIdleTimeMillis) {
        this.minEvictableIdleTimeMillis = minEvictableIdleTimeMillis;
    }
    public String getValidationQuery() {
        return validationQuery;
    }
    public void setValidationQuery(String validationQuery) {
        this.validationQuery = validationQuery;
    }
    public boolean isTestWhileIdle() {
        return testWhileIdle;
    }
    public void setTestWhileIdle(boolean testWhileIdle) {
        this.testWhileIdle = testWhileIdle;
    }
    public boolean isTestOnBorrow() {
        return testOnBorrow;
    }
    public void setTestOnBorrow(boolean testOnBorrow) {
        this.testOnBorrow = testOnBorrow;
    }
    public boolean isTestOnReturn() {
        return testOnReturn;
    }
    public void setTestOnReturn(boolean testOnReturn) {
        this.testOnReturn = testOnReturn;
    }
    public boolean isPoolPreparedStatements() {
        return poolPreparedStatements;
    }
    public void setPoolPreparedStatements(boolean poolPreparedStatements) {
        this.poolPreparedStatements = poolPreparedStatements;
    }
    public int getMaxPoolPreparedStatementPerConnectionSize() {
        return maxPoolPreparedStatementPerConnectionSize;
    }
    public void setMaxPoolPreparedStatementPerConnectionSize(int maxPoolPreparedStatementPerConnectionSize) {
        this.maxPoolPreparedStatementPerConnectionSize = maxPoolPreparedStatementPerConnectionSize;
    }
    public String getFilters() {
        return filters;
    }
    public void setFilters(String filters) {
        this.filters = filters;
    }
    public String getDriverClassName() {
        return driverClassName;
    }
    public void setDriverClassName(String driverClassName) {
        this.driverClassName = driverClassName;
    }
    public String getUrl() {
        return url;
    }
    public void setUrl(String url) {
        this.url = url;
    }
    public String getUsername() {
        return username;
    }
    public void setUsername(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }
    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }
    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }
}

（3）配置Druid相關的Servlet和Filter

package com.garyond.hurricane.config;
import com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource;
import com.alibaba.druid.support.http.StatViewServlet;
import com.alibaba.druid.support.http.WebStatFilter;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnMissingBean;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.EnableConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean;
import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.ServletRegistrationBean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.sql.SQLException;
@Configuration
@EnableConfigurationProperties({DruidDataSourceProperties.class})
public class DruidConfig {
    @Autowired
    private DruidDataSourceProperties properties;
    @Bean
    @ConditionalOnMissingBean
    public DataSource druidDataSource() {
        DruidDataSource druidDataSource = new DruidDataSource();
        druidDataSource.setDriverClassName(properties.getDriverClassName());
        druidDataSource.setUrl(properties.getUrl());
        druidDataSource.setUsername(properties.getUsername());
        druidDataSource.setPassword(properties.getPassword());
        druidDataSource.setInitialSize(properties.getInitialSize());
        druidDataSource.setMinIdle(properties.getMinIdle());
        druidDataSource.setMaxActive(properties.getMaxActive());
        druidDataSource.setMaxWait(properties.getMaxWait());
        druidDataSource.setTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis(properties.getTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis());
        druidDataSource.setMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis(properties.getMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis());
        druidDataSource.setValidationQuery(properties.getValidationQuery());
        druidDataSource.setTestWhileIdle(properties.isTestWhileIdle());
        druidDataSource.setTestOnBorrow(properties.isTestOnBorrow());
        druidDataSource.setTestOnReturn(properties.isTestOnReturn());
        druidDataSource.setPoolPreparedStatements(properties.isPoolPreparedStatements());
        druidDataSource.setMaxPoolPreparedStatementPerConnectionSize(properties.getMaxPoolPreparedStatementPerConnectionSize());
        try {
            druidDataSource.setFilters(properties.getFilters());
            druidDataSource.init();
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return druidDataSource;
    }
    /**
     * 注冊Servlet信息， 配置監(jiān)控視圖
     *
     * @return
     */
    @Bean
    @ConditionalOnMissingBean
    public ServletRegistrationBean druidServlet() {
        ServletRegistrationBean servletRegistrationBean = new ServletRegistrationBean(new StatViewServlet(), "/druid/*");
        //白名單：
        servletRegistrationBean.addInitParameter("allow","192.168.6.195");
        //IP黑名單 (存在共同時，deny優(yōu)先于allow) : 如果滿足deny的話提示:Sorry, you are not permitted to view this page.
        servletRegistrationBean.addInitParameter("deny","192.168.6.73");
        //登錄查看信息的賬號密碼, 用于登錄Druid監(jiān)控后臺
        servletRegistrationBean.addInitParameter("loginUsername", "admin");
        servletRegistrationBean.addInitParameter("loginPassword", "admin");
        //是否能夠重置數(shù)據(jù).
        servletRegistrationBean.addInitParameter("resetEnable", "true");
        return servletRegistrationBean;
    }
    /**
     * 注冊Filter信息, 監(jiān)控攔截器
     *
     * @return
     */
    @Bean
    @ConditionalOnMissingBean
    public FilterRegistrationBean filterRegistrationBean() {
        FilterRegistrationBean filterRegistrationBean = new FilterRegistrationBean();
        filterRegistrationBean.setFilter(new WebStatFilter());
        filterRegistrationBean.addUrlPatterns("/*");
        filterRegistrationBean.addInitParameter("exclusions", "*.js,*.gif,*.jpg,*.png,*.css,*.ico,/druid/*");
        return filterRegistrationBean;
    }
}

注：
- @EnableConfigurationProperties({DruidDataSourceProperties.class}) 用于導入上一步Druid的配置信息
- public ServletRegistrationBean druidServlet() 相當于Web Servlet配置
- public FilterRegistrationBean filterRegistrationBean() 相當于Web Filter配置

如果不使用上述的Servlet和Filter配置，也可以通過下述監(jiān)控器配置實現(xiàn)：

配置監(jiān)控攔截器（相當于FilterRegistrationBean）

/**   
 * 配置監(jiān)控攔截器, druid監(jiān)控攔截器   
 * @ClassName: DruidStatFilter    
 * @author garyond
 * @date 2018年4月24日
 */    
@WebFilter(filterName="druidWebStatFilter",    
urlPatterns="/*",    
initParams={    
    @WebInitParam(name="exclusions",value="*.js,*.gif,*.jpg,*.bmp,*.png,*.css,*.ico,/druid/*"),// 忽略資源    
})   
public class DruidStatFilter extends WebStatFilter {  
}

配置Druid監(jiān)控視圖（相當于ServletRegistrationBean）

/**   
 * druid監(jiān)控視圖配置   
 *
 * @ClassName: DruidStatViewServlet    
 * @author garyond  
 * @date 2018年4月24日 
 */    
@WebServlet(urlPatterns = "/druid/*", initParams={    
    @WebInitParam(name="allow",value="192.168.6.195"),// IP白名單 (沒有配置或者為空，則允許所有訪問)    
    @WebInitParam(name="deny",value="192.168.6.73"),// IP黑名單 (存在共同時，deny優(yōu)先于allow)    
    @WebInitParam(name="loginUsername",value="admin"),// 用戶名    
    @WebInitParam(name="loginPassword",value="admin"),// 密碼    
    @WebInitParam(name="resetEnable",value="true")// 禁用HTML頁面上的“Reset All”功能    
})   
public class DruidStatViewServlet extends StatViewServlet {  
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 7359758657306626394L;  
}

3. 查看Druid監(jiān)控

配置完成后，并完成相關的數(shù)據(jù)庫操作配置，啟動Spring Boot應用程序，就可以通過訪問： http://localhost:8080/druid/index.html 訪問Druid監(jiān)控后臺頁面。

輸入用戶名和密碼可以查看Druid監(jiān)控信息：

至此， Spring Boot集成Druid連接池已配置完畢。

到此這篇關于Spring Boot集成Druid實現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)源管理與監(jiān)控的詳細步驟的文章就介紹到這了,更多相關Spring Boot Druid數(shù)據(jù)源管理內容請搜索腳本之家以前的文章或繼續(xù)瀏覽下面的相關文章希望大家以后多多支持腳本之家！

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