Docker容器數(shù)據(jù)卷的基本操作
一、概念
1.定義
卷就是目錄或文件,存在于一個或多個容器中,由docker掛載到容器,但不屬于聯(lián)合文件系統(tǒng),因此能夠繞過Union File System提供一些用于持續(xù)存儲或共享數(shù)據(jù)的特性。
卷的設計目的就是數(shù)據(jù)的持久化,完全獨立于容器的生存周期,因此Docker不會在容器刪除時刪除其掛載的數(shù)據(jù)卷
2.作用:
- 將運用與運行的環(huán)境打包鏡像,run后形成容器實例運行 ,但是我們對數(shù)據(jù)的要求希望是持久化的。
- Docker容器產生的數(shù)據(jù),如果不備份,那么當容器實例刪除后,容器內的數(shù)據(jù)自然也就沒有了。
- 為了能保存數(shù)據(jù)在docker中則使用卷。
3.特點:
- 數(shù)據(jù)卷可在容器之間共享或重用數(shù)據(jù)
- 卷中的更改可以直接實時生效
- 數(shù)據(jù)卷中的更改不會包含在鏡像的更新中
- 數(shù)據(jù)卷的生命周期一直持續(xù)到沒有容器使用它為止
二、添加容器卷
運行一個帶有容器卷存儲功能的容器實例:docker run -it --privileged=true -v /宿主機絕對路徑目錄:/容器內目錄 鏡像名
Docker掛載主機目錄訪問如果出現(xiàn)cannot open directory .: Permission denied
解決辦法:在掛載目錄后多加一個--privileged=true參數(shù)
1.宿主vs容器之間映射添加容器卷
容器操作:
hongcaixia@hongcaixiadeMacBook-Pro ~ % docker run -it --privileged=true -v /Users/hongcaixia/Documents/host_data:/tmp/docker_data --name=my_centos centos [root@c61d4745b6e8 /]# cd /tmp/docker_data [root@c61d4745b6e8 docker_data]# ls [root@c61d4745b6e8 docker_data]# touch docker.txt [root@c61d4745b6e8 docker_data]# ls docker.txt [root@c61d4745b6e8 docker_data]# ls -- 宿主機在該目錄建立了host.txt docker.txt host.txt [root@c61d4745b6e8 docker_data]# echo 'write in docker'>docker.txt [root@c61d4745b6e8 docker_data]# cat docker.txt write in docker [root@c61d4745b6e8 docker_data]# cat docker.txt -- 宿主機在該文件寫入了write in host write in docker write in host [root@c61d4745b6e8 docker_data]#
主機操作:
hongcaixia@hongcaixiadeMacBook-Pro ~ % cd /Users/hongcaixia/Documents/host_data hongcaixia@hongcaixiadeMacBook-Pro host_data % ls docker.txt hongcaixia@hongcaixiadeMacBook-Pro host_data % touch host.txt hongcaixia@hongcaixiadeMacBook-Pro host_data % ls docker.txt host.txt hongcaixia@hongcaixiadeMacBook-Pro host_data % vi docker.txt hongcaixia@hongcaixiadeMacBook-Pro host_data % cat docker.txt write in docker write in host hongcaixia@hongcaixiadeMacBook-Pro host_data %
使用docker inspect 容器id 命令查看容器掛載信息:
hongcaixia@hongcaixiadeMacBook-Pro ~ % docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES dd1b08d9fd2a centos "/bin/bash" 14 minutes ago Up 14 minutes docker_centos hongcaixia@hongcaixiadeMacBook-Pro ~ % docker inspect dd1b08d9fd2a [ ... "Mounts": [ { "Type": "bind", "Source": "/Users/hongcaixia/Documents/host_data", "Destination": "/tmp/docker_data", "Mode": "", "RW": true, "Propagation": "rprivate" } ], ... ]
如果容器停止了,主機在掛載目錄修改內容,當容器啟動之后依舊可以同步到信息:
容器操作:
hongcaixia@hongcaixiadeMacBook-Pro ~ % docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES dd1b08d9fd2a centos "/bin/bash" 22 minutes ago Up 22 minutes docker_centos hongcaixia@hongcaixiadeMacBook-Pro ~ % docker stop dd1b08d9fd2a dd1b08d9fd2a hongcaixia@hongcaixiadeMacBook-Pro ~ % docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES hongcaixia@hongcaixiadeMacBook-Pro ~ % docker start dd1b08d9fd2a dd1b08d9fd2a hongcaixia@hongcaixiadeMacBook-Pro ~ % docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES dd1b08d9fd2a centos "/bin/bash" 24 minutes ago Up 2 seconds docker_centos hongcaixia@hongcaixiadeMacBook-Pro ~ % docker exec -it dd1b08d9fd2a bash [root@dd1b08d9fd2a /]# cd /tmp/docker_data/ [root@dd1b08d9fd2a docker_data]# ls docker.txt docker_in.txt docker_in.txt~ docker_in.txz~ host.txt host1.txt [root@dd1b08d9fd2a docker_data]#
主機操作:在容器停止之后創(chuàng)建host1.txt:
hongcaixia@hongcaixiadeMacBook-Pro host_data % touch host1.txt hongcaixia@hongcaixiadeMacBook-Pro host_data % ls docker.txt docker_in.txt docker_in.txt~ docker_in.txz~ host.txt host1.txt hongcaixia@hongcaixiadeMacBook-Pro host_data %
2.添加讀寫映射規(guī)則
默認是可讀可寫
設置只讀限制:容器實例內部被限制,只能讀取不能寫 docker run -it --privileged=true -v /宿主機絕對路徑目錄:/容器內目錄:ro 鏡像名
容器操作:
hongcaixia@hongcaixiadeMacBook-Pro ~ % docker run -it --privileged=true -v /Users/hongcaixia/Documents/host_data2:/tmp/docker_data2:ro --name=hcx_centos2 centos [root@f12971f08fb1 /]# ls bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var [root@f12971f08fb1 /]# cd /tmp/docker_data2/ [root@f12971f08fb1 docker_data2]# ls -- 在主機中創(chuàng)建的文件 host.txt [root@f12971f08fb1 docker_data2]# touch docker.txt touch: cannot touch 'docker.txt': Read-only file system [root@f12971f08fb1 docker_data2]#
主機操作:
hongcaixia@hongcaixiadeMacBook-Pro Documents % cd host_data2 hongcaixia@hongcaixiadeMacBook-Pro host_data2 % ls hongcaixia@hongcaixiadeMacBook-Pro host_data2 % touch host.txt hongcaixia@hongcaixiadeMacBook-Pro host_data2 % ls host.txt hongcaixia@hongcaixiadeMacBook-Pro host_data2 %
三、卷的繼承和共享
docker run -it --privileged=true --volumes-from 父類 --name 容器名 鏡像名
第一個容器my_centos3:
hongcaixia@hongcaixiadeMacBook-Pro ~ % docker run -it --privileged=true -v /Users/hongcaixia/Documents/host_data3:/tmp/docker_data3 --name=my_centos3 centos [root@1e7c088b1b4d /]# cd /tmp/docker_data3 [root@1e7c088b1b4d docker_data3]# ls [root@1e7c088b1b4d docker_data3]# touch docker3.txt [root@1e7c088b1b4d docker_data3]# ls docker3.txt [root@1e7c088b1b4d docker_data3]# ls docker3.txt ?docker4.txt [root@1e7c088b1b4d docker_data3]# ls docker3.txt ?docker4.txt ?host.txt [root@1e7c088b1b4d docker_data3]# -- 停掉父容器,不影響子容器和主機的同步 hongcaixia@hongcaixiadeMacBook-Pro ~ % docker ps CONTAINER ID ? IMAGE ? ? COMMAND ? ? ? CREATED ? ? ? ? STATUS ? ? ? ? PORTS ? ? NAMES 671ef51c2961 ? centos ? ?"/bin/bash" ? 6 minutes ago ? Up 6 minutes ? ? ? ? ? ? my_centos4 hongcaixia@hongcaixiadeMacBook-Pro ~ % docker stop 671ef51c2961 671ef51c2961 hongcaixia@hongcaixiadeMacBook-Pro ~ % docker ps CONTAINER ID ? IMAGE ? ? COMMAND ? CREATED ? STATUS ? ?PORTS ? ? NAMES hongcaixia@hongcaixiadeMacBook-Pro ~ %? -- 父容器恢復,主機和子容器的操作可以同步過來 hongcaixia@hongcaixiadeMacBook-Pro ~ % docker start 671ef51c2961 671ef51c2961 hongcaixia@hongcaixiadeMacBook-Pro ~ % docker exec -it 671ef51c2961 /bin/bash [root@671ef51c2961 /]# cd /tmp/docker_data3/ [root@671ef51c2961 docker_data3]# ls docker3.txt ?docker4.txt ?host.txt ?host2.txt [root@671ef51c2961 docker_data3]#
第二個容器my_centos4: 繼承3的容器卷
hongcaixia@hongcaixiadeMacBook-Pro ~ % docker run -it --privileged=true --volumes-from my_centos3 --name=my_centos4 centos? [root@671ef51c2961 /]# cd /tmp/docker_data3 [root@671ef51c2961 docker_data3]# ls docker3.txt [root@671ef51c2961 docker_data3]# touch docker4.txt [root@671ef51c2961 docker_data3]# ls docker3.txt ?docker4.txt ?host.txt [root@671ef51c2961 docker_data3]#? -- 停掉父容器,不影響子容器和主機的同步 [root@671ef51c2961 docker_data3]# ls docker3.txt ?docker4.txt ?host.txt ?host2.txt [root@671ef51c2961 docker_data3]#?
主機:
hongcaixia@hongcaixiadeMacBook-Pro Documents % cd host_data3 hongcaixia@hongcaixiadeMacBook-Pro host_data3 % ls hongcaixia@hongcaixiadeMacBook-Pro host_data3 % ls docker3.txt hongcaixia@hongcaixiadeMacBook-Pro host_data3 % ls docker3.txt?? ?docker4.txt hongcaixia@hongcaixiadeMacBook-Pro host_data3 % touch host.txt ?? hongcaixia@hongcaixiadeMacBook-Pro host_data3 % ls docker3.txt?? ?docker4.txt?? ?host.txt hongcaixia@hongcaixiadeMacBook-Pro host_data3 %? hongcaixia@hongcaixiadeMacBook-Pro host_data3 % touch host2.txt hongcaixia@hongcaixiadeMacBook-Pro host_data3 % ls docker3.txt?? ?docker4.txt?? ?host.txt?? ?host2.txt hongcaixia@hongcaixiadeMacBook-Pro host_data3 %?
父容器stop,不會影響子容器和主機之間的同步
到此這篇關于Docker容器數(shù)據(jù)卷的基本操作的文章就介紹到這了,更多相關Docker容器數(shù)據(jù)卷內容請搜索腳本之家以前的文章或繼續(xù)瀏覽下面的相關文章希望大家以后多多支持腳本之家!
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- 詳解Docker容器數(shù)據(jù)卷
- Docker容器數(shù)據(jù)卷原理及使用方法解析
- 淺談Docker 容器數(shù)據(jù)卷掛載小結
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